『App自动化测试之Appium应用篇』| 元素定位工具uiautomatorviewer从简介、特点、启动到使用的完整过程

1 uiautomatorviewer简介

• 之前文章说明了Appium Inspector的定位使用方法；
• uiautomatorviewer是另一种定位工具；
• uiautomatorviewer是android-sdk自带的元素定位工具；
• 它是通过截屏分析XML布局文件方式，来提供控件信息的查看服务。

2 uiautomatorviewer特点

• uiautomatorviewer和Appium Inspector有着明显的区别；
• Appium Inspector功能相对比较强大；
• 而uiautomatorviewer只能用于安卓系统；
• 另外uiautomatorviewer只能用于元素定位，不支持通过该工具操作APP，也不支持录制功能等。

3 uiautomatorviewer启用

• uiautomatorviewer位于SDK目录下的tools\目录下；
• 比如我的是：D:\android-sdk-windows\tools：
  
• 双击uiautomatorviewer.bat进行启动即可：
  

4 Work Bar

• Work Bar即工作栏，工作栏中有4个按钮，如图所示：
  

• 从左到右依次为：

图标	名称	说明
1	Open	打开已保存的布局
2	Device Screenshot（uiautomator dump）	获取详细布局
3	Device Screenshot with Cpmpressed Hierarchy （uiautomator dump）	获取简介布局
4	Save	保存布局

• 其中4保存时将保存两个文件，一个是图片，一个是.uix文件；
  
• 可以查看图片显示：
  
• 也可以查看XML格式内容：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='yes' ?>
<hierarchy rotation="0">
    <node index="0" text="" resource-id="" class="android.widget.FrameLayout" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,0][768,1184]">
        <node index="0" text="" resource-id="" class="android.widget.LinearLayout" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,0][768,1184]">
            <node index="0" text="" resource-id="android:id/content" class="android.widget.FrameLayout" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,0][768,1184]">
                <node index="0" text="" resource-id="com.android.launcher3:id/launcher" class="android.widget.FrameLayout" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,0][768,1184]">
                    <node index="0" text="" resource-id="com.android.launcher3:id/drag_layer" class="android.widget.FrameLayout" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,0][768,1184]">
                        <node index="0" text="" resource-id="com.android.launcher3:id/workspace" class="com.android.launcher3.Workspace" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="true" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,0][768,1184]">
                            <node index="1" text="" resource-id="" class="android.view.ViewGroup" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="true" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[8,184][760,976]">
                                <node index="0" text="" resource-id="" class="android.view.ViewGroup" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[8,184][760,976]">
                                    <node index="0" text="QQi" resource-id="" class="android.widget.TextView" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="QQi" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="true" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="true" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[8,184][196,382]" />
                                    <node index="1" text="Settings" resource-id="" class="android.widget.TextView" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="Settings" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="true" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="true" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[384,778][572,976]" /></node>
                                <node index="1" text="" resource-id="" class="android.view.View" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[8,184][220,406]" /></node>
                        </node>
                        <node index="1" text="" resource-id="com.android.launcher3:id/search_drop_target_bar" class="android.widget.FrameLayout" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,48][768,184]">
                            <node index="0" text="" resource-id="" class="android.appwidget.AppWidgetHostView" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="Search" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,48][768,184]">
                                <node index="0" text="" resource-id="" class="android.widget.RelativeLayout" package="com.android.quicksearchbox" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,48][768,184]">
                                    <node index="0" text="" resource-id="com.android.quicksearchbox:id/search_plate" class="android.widget.LinearLayout" package="com.android.quicksearchbox" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,48][768,184]">
                                        <node NAF="true" index="0" text="" resource-id="com.android.quicksearchbox:id/search_icon" class="android.widget.ImageView" package="com.android.quicksearchbox" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[19,68][115,164]" />
                                        <node NAF="true" index="1" text="" resource-id="com.android.quicksearchbox:id/search_widget_text" class="android.widget.TextView" package="com.android.quicksearchbox" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="true" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[115,79][740,153]" /></node>
                                </node>
                            </node>
                        </node>
                        <node index="3" text="" resource-id="com.android.launcher3:id/page_indicator" class="android.widget.LinearLayout" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="Home screen 2 of 2, Settings" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[360,992][408,1016]">
                            <node index="0" text="" resource-id="" class="android.widget.FrameLayout" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[360,992][384,1016]">
                                <node index="1" text="" resource-id="com.android.launcher3:id/inactive" class="android.widget.ImageView" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[360,992][384,1016]" /></node>
                            <node index="1" text="" resource-id="" class="android.widget.FrameLayout" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[384,992][408,1016]">
                                <node index="0" text="" resource-id="com.android.launcher3:id/active" class="android.widget.ImageView" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[384,992][408,1016]" /></node>
                        </node>
                        <node index="4" text="" resource-id="com.android.launcher3:id/hotseat" class="android.widget.FrameLayout" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,1016][768,1184]">
                            <node index="0" text="" resource-id="com.android.launcher3:id/layout" class="android.view.ViewGroup" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="true" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,1016][768,1184]">
                                <node index="0" text="" resource-id="" class="android.view.View" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[24,1016][192,1184]" />
                                <node index="1" text="" resource-id="" class="android.view.ViewGroup" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[24,1016][768,1184]">
                                    <node index="0" text="Phone" resource-id="" class="android.widget.TextView" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="Phone" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="true" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="true" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[29,1022][163,1178]" />
                                    <node index="1" text="Contacts" resource-id="" class="android.widget.TextView" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="Contacts" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="true" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="true" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[173,1022][307,1178]" />
                                    <node index="2" text="" resource-id="" class="android.widget.TextView" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="Apps" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="true" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="true" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[317,1022][451,1178]" />
                                    <node index="3" text="Messaging" resource-id="" class="android.widget.TextView" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="Messaging" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="true" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="true" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[461,1022][595,1178]" />
                                    <node index="4" text="Browser" resource-id="" class="android.widget.TextView" package="com.android.launcher3" content-desc="Browser" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="true" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="true" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[605,1022][739,1178]" /></node>
                            </node>
                        </node>
                    </node>
                </node>
            </node>
        </node>
    </node>
</hierarchy>

• 其中2会显示全部布局；
• 其中3只显示部分有用的控件布局。

5 Screenshot

• screenshot是截图区域，在图中的左侧部分；
• 主要是显示当前屏幕的布局图片：
  

6 控件布局

• 控件布局内容主要在右上方显示，以XML格式展示；
  

7 控件属性

• 控件属性显示在右下方，当点击一个控件时，将会在这显示其属性信息：
  

8 连接设备

• 直接点击工作栏中的第二个或第三个按钮即可连接到设备；
• 我们这里点击的是第二个按钮Device Screenshot；
  

9 Error while obtaining UI问题排查

• 当我们点击第二个按钮Device Screenshot时出现以下界面：
  
• 这个说明报错了，没有连接上，那我们看下详细信息，点击【Details】：

Error while obtaining UI hierarchy XML file: com.android.ddmlib.SyncException: Remote object doesn't exist!

• 大概意思是Remote object doesn't exist，就是说已经存在了一个连接，那我们就需要断开已经连接的才行；
• 我们检查发现使用了Appium-Inspector已经连接了，我们点击【×】断开这个会话连接：

• 重新再连接就可以使用uiautomatorviewer连接上了。