在上篇文章Work Quene中我们创建了一个Work Queue,在Work Queue中的每个task会准确的分发给worker,这边文章中,我们需要将一个消息分发给多个consumers,这个模式称为发布订阅 "publish/subscribe"
为了举例说明发布订阅模式,我们构建一个简单的日志系统,包含两部分,一部分用于发布日志,另一部分用于接收并打印日志。
在我们的日志系统中,发布日志意味着将日志消息"广播"给所有的订阅者。
交换机Exchanges
首先介绍下RabbitMQ的消息模型,RabbitMQ中的Producer不会直接向queue发送消息,实际上,很多Producer不清楚消息将被分发到哪个queue,相反,Producer只能把消息发送到交换机(exchange),交换机连接着Producer和queue,一方面交换机从Producer中接收数据,另一方面交换机往queue中放数据,所以交换机必须清楚怎么处理接收到的消息,是应该添加到一个queue,还是应该添加到多个queues,或者直接丢弃,这规则取决于exchange type 交换机的模型如下
exchange type有这几种:direct,topic,headers和fanout,首先来看下fanout这种类型
fanout exchange很简单,它将从producer接收到的数据直接广播给所有它知道的queue
消息模型如下:
我们的日志系统代码如下:
客户端:EmitLog.java
package org.rabbitmq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class EmitLog {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5673);
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);
String message = getMessage( new String[]{"hello","how","are","you"});
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
private static String getMessage(String[] strings){
if (strings.length < 1)
return "info: Hello World!";
return joinStrings(strings, " ");
}
private static String joinStrings(String[] strings, String delimiter) {
int length = strings.length;
if (length == 0) return "";
StringBuilder words = new StringBuilder(strings[0]);
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
words.append(delimiter).append(strings[i]);
}
return words.toString();
}
}
服务端ReceiveLogs.java
package org.rabbitmq;
import java.io.IOException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
public class ReceiveLogs {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5673);
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
System.out.println("Thread:"+ Thread.currentThread().hashCode()+"[*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
运行两次EmitLog,然后再运行ReceiveLogs,结果如下
结果显示从producer发送的消息,被两个consumer都接收到了。
参考:http://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-three-java.html