12C ORA-错误汇总5 ORA-04930 to ORA-07499

ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6
ORA-04930: open sequence number failed or initial state is valid
Cause: Either Shared Sequence Number OS component was not installed
properly, or an MC hardware failure may have occurred or a previous instance
was not shut down properly.
Action: Verify that there are no background or foreground Oracle processes from
a previous instance on this node using the OS command ps -ef|grep <instance_
name>. Verify that there are no shared memory segments belonging to the user
which owns the Oracle installation by isuing the ipcs -b OS command. If there are
shared memory segments or processes still on the system, use svrmgrl to
shutdown the instance with the abort option. If the instance is not up, verify that
the cluster software and/or the hardware is installed and working. Log in as
superuser and issue the cnxshow command. Are all of the nodes in the cluster
listed? Are they members of the cluster? Is the communications between nodes
okay? If the answer to any of these questions is false, contact Digital's customer
support organization.
ORA-04931: unable to set initial sequence number value
Cause: A call to the SSN failed to set the sequence number to its initial value,
possibly caused by an MC hardware problem.
Action: Verify that the MC hardware is functioning properly. If it is not, contact
Digital's customer support organization. If it is, contact Oracle support.
ORA-04932: increment or adjust of sequence number failed
Cause: A call to the SSN failed to increment the sequence number.
Action: Verify that the MC hardware is functioning properly. If it is not, contact
Digital's customer support organization. If it is, contact Oracle support.
ORA-04933: initial service identifier is non-zero
Cause: A valid service identifier existed before the sequence number service was
opened.
Action: Verify that the instance is completely shut down.
ORA-04934: unable to obtain the current sequence number
Cause: A call to the SSN failed to return its current value. Either there are many
errors occurring on the MC hardware, or the sequence number has become invalid
and cannot be validated.
Action: Verify that the MC hardware is functioning properly. If it is, contact
Oracle Support.
ORA-04935: unable to get/convert SCN recovery lock
6-2 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: A process has timed out trying to get or convert the SCN recovery lock.
Another process probably has the lock in EX or SHR mode, but is not releasing it.
Action: Contact Oracle Support.
ORA-04940: unsupported optimization of Oracle binary, check alert log for more
info
Cause: ORACLE binary has been optimized with unsupported options or a
required option has not been used.
Action: Check the documentation for a list of supported and required flags for the
optimizing utility that you used to optimize ORACLE. Shutdown the instance,
optimize ORACLE again with supported combination of options and restart the
instance.
ORA-04941: required operating system patch needs to be applied
Cause: The operating system could not return the start time of a process.
Action: Check that the operating system kernel has been patched to return
process start time. Apply the required operating system patch and restart the
instance.
ORA-06000: NETASY: port open failure
Cause: Autologin unable to open port
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06001: NETASY: port set-up failure
Cause: Autologin unable to change port attributes
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06002: NETASY: port read failure
Cause: Autologin unable to read from port
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06003: NETASY: port write failure
Cause: Autologin unable to write to port
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06004: NETASY: dialogue file open failure
Cause: Autologin unable to open dialogue file
Action: Check connect string for accuracy/typos
ORA-06005: NETASY: dialogue file read failure
Cause: Autologin unable to read dialogue file
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06006: NETASY: dialogue execute failure
Cause: Expected response never received
Action: None
ORA-06007: NETASY: bad dialogue format
Cause: Dialogue file contains syntax error
Action: Correct the dialogue file
ORA-06009: NETASY: dialogue filename too long
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-3
Cause: Full file spec for dialogue file exceeds 64 bytes
Action: Amend connect string accordingly
ORA-06010: NETASY: dialogue file too long
Cause: Dialogue file exceeds 768 bytes in length
Action: Simplify dialogue (e.g. remove comments, redundant white space), or
split into two and link with "more" command
ORA-06011: NETASY: dialogue too long
Cause: One of two:
1. Dialogue contains more than 24 exchange blocks
2. Dialogue send string exceeds 84 bytes in length
Action: Simplify dialogue or split into two and link with "more" command
ORA-06017: NETASY: message receive failure
Cause: Async driver gets I/O error while doing network read operation
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code and contact your customer
support representative.
ORA-06018: NETASY: message send failure
Cause: Async driver gets I/O error while doing network write operation
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code and contact your customer
support representative.
ORA-06019: NETASY: invalid login (connect) string
Cause: Syntax error in login string.
Action: Resubmit with correct string.
ORA-06020: NETASY: initialisation failure
Cause: Async driver unable to complete initialisation
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06021: NETASY: connect failed
Cause: Async driver unable to establish connection with partner
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06022: NETASY: channel open failure
Cause: no free channel [should never happen]
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06023: NETASY: port open failure
Cause: Async driver unable to open port
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06024: NETASY: VTM error
Cause: Virtual Terminal Manager unable to read/write to port
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06025: NETASY: Configuration error
Cause: Async driver genned for server-only, but client service requested
6-4 Oracle Database Error Messages
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06026: NETASY: port close failure
Cause: Async driver unable to close port
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06027: NETASY: channel close failure
Cause: Async driver unable to close channel
Action: Check log file for OS-specific error code
ORA-06028: NETASY: unable to intialise for logging
Cause: Async driver unable to initialise for logging I/O
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06029: NETASY: port assignment failure
Cause: Async driver unable to assign port to channel [should never happen]
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06030: NETDNT: connect failed, unrecognized node name
Cause: Node name specified in host string is unknown (probably misspelled)
Action: Retry with correct node name
ORA-06031: NETDNT: connect failed, unrecognized object name
Cause: Host string contains reference to object (which doesn't exist):
@d:<node>-<obj> => object is ORDN<obj>; when <node> is VMS, the object is
ORDN<obj>.COM when <node> is UNIX, the object is ORDN<obj>
@d:<node>::"task=<obj>" => object is <obj>; when <node> is VMS, the object is
<obj>.COM when <node> is UNIX, the object is <obj>
Action: Retry with correct object name or create the required object on host node
ORA-06032: NETDNT: connect failed, access control data rejected
Cause: Host string contains invalid username/password
Action: Retry with correct username/password
ORA-06033: NETDNT: connect failed, partner rejected connection
Cause: Connection with partner was made but was rejected.
Action: Contact your network administrator.
ORA-06034: NETDNT: connect failed, partner exited unexpectedly
Cause: Connection with host node was made but partner aborted
Action: Make sure object (see 06031, above) is working (for VMS run the
command file and make sure that the ORACLE server process starts up);
sometimes happens when the network/node is under stress - in this case a retry
often works.
ORA-06035: NETDNT: connect failed, insufficient resources
Cause: Insufficient system resources are available to complete the connection; for
example, all DECnet channels are in use.
Action: Contact your network administrator.
ORA-06037: NETDNT: connect failed, node unreachable
Cause: Host node is down.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-5
Action: Contact your network administrator.
ORA-06039: NETDNT: connect failed
Cause: Connect failed for unexpected reason (see OSD error).
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06040: NETDNT: invalid login (connect) string
Cause: Syntax error in login string.
Action: Resubmit with correct string.
ORA-06041: NETDNT: disconnect failed
Cause: Driver gets error while doing network close operation
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06042: NETDNT: message receive failure
Cause: Driver gets I/O error while doing network read operation
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06043: NETDNT: message send failure
Cause: Driver gets I/O error while doing network write operation
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06044: NETDNT: connect failed, byte count quota exceeded
Cause: Connect failed because of insufficient byte count quota.
Action: Increase byte count quota.
ORA-06102: NETTCP: cannot allocate context area
Cause: Insufficient dynamic memory available for connection context area.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06105: NETTCP: remote host is unknown
Cause: Host name specified in the login (connect) string is unknown.
Action: Check spelling; make sure name is in the TCP/IP HOST file.
ORA-06106: NETTCP: socket creation failure
Cause: Process open file quota probably exceeded.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06107: NETTCP: ORACLE network server not found
Cause: No entry in SERVICES file for ORACLE server.
Action: Add ("orasrv") entry to the TCP/IP SERVICES file.
ORA-06108: NETTCP: connect to host failed
Cause: Connection attempt to remote host has failed. Probably means that the
SQL*Net TCP/IP server on the remote host is not up, or the host itself is not up
(check the latter by targeting it with Telnet).
Action: Start the SQL*Net TCP/IP server process on the remote host.
ORA-06109: NETTCP: message receive failure
Cause: I/O error occurred while attempting network read operation.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
6-6 Oracle Database Error Messages
ORA-06110: NETTCP: message send failure
Cause: I/O error occurred while attempting network write operation.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06111: NETTCP: disconnect failure
Cause: Error occurred while closing a socket.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06112: NETTCP: invalid buffer size
Cause: The buffer size specified in the login string exceeds the allowed maximum
(of 4096).
Action: Re-submit with valid buffer size.
ORA-06113: NETTCP: Too many connections
Cause: The maximum no. of concurrently open connections has been reached.
Action: Exit an application with an open connection which is no longer required.
ORA-06114: NETTCP: SID lookup failure
Cause: From the remote host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server: the database SID,
specified in the login (connect) string, was not recognized.
Action: Add the appropriate SID entry to the CONFIG.ORA file on the remote
host (and restart the SQL*Net TCP/IP server).
ORA-06115: NETTCP: unable to create ORACLE logicals
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server was unable to create the necessary
logicals required by the ORACLE server process. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP server
log file for more details.
Action: Contact your system administrator.
ORA-06116: NETTCP: unable to create ORASRV process
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server was unable to create the ORACLE
server process. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP server log file for more details.
Action: Contact your system administrator.
ORA-06117: NETTCP: unable to create ORASRV: quota exceeded
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server was unable to create the ORACLE
server process because of quota depletion.
Action: Increase quota allocations to the SQL*Net TCP/IP server process.
ORA-06118: NETTCP: unable to complete handshake with ORASRV
Cause: The ORACLE server process was started but failed to complete its
initialization.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06119: NETTCP: spurious client request
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server was unable to recognize this
connection request. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP server log file for more details.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06120: NETTCP: network driver not loaded
Cause: The TCP/IP network driver is not loaded.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-7
Action: Check that the TCP/IP driver is loaded correctly.
ORA-06121: NETTCP: access failure
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server was unable to test the accessibility of
the SID mapping file (specified in CONFIG.ORA) associated with this connection
request. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP server log file for more details.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06122: NETTCP: setup failure
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server was unable to set up the appropriate
environment to service this connection request. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP server
log file for more details.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06123: NETTCP: cannot set KEEPALIVE
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server was unable to set the socket KEEPLIVE
option. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP server log file for more details.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06124: NETTCP: timeout waiting for ORASRV
Cause: The ORACLE server process was started but failed to respond after N secs.
Action: For heavily loaded systems this is not an uncommon occurrence. Increase
the value of N (the default is 30) by placing the following entry in the
CONFIG.ORA file: SQLNET ORASRV_WAIT = <no. of secs> which will come into
effect the next time the SQL*Net TCP/IP server is started.
ORA-06125: NETTCP: ORASRV exited unexpectedly
Cause: The ORACLE server process was started but exited unexpectedly. Possible
causes:
1. Insufficient quotas to run ORASRV
2. ORACLE is not installed See the ORASRV output file for more details; the file
will be in the ORA_SQLNET directory and will have a name of the form: ORA_
SRVTnn_<SID>.OUT
Action: If appropriate action is not obvious from the ORASRV output file then
contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06126: NETTCP: ORASRV unable to open network connection
Cause: The ORACLE server process was started but was unable to open the
socket passed to it by TCPSRV.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06127: NETTCP: unable to change username
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server could not establish a PROXY LOGIN
connection because the client username is unknown (to the host OS).
Action: Create new user account on host.
ORA-06128: NETTCP: unable to create mailbox
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server was unable to create a mailbox (needed
for IPC communication with the ORACLE server process). See the SQL*Net
TCP/IP server log file for more details.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
6-8 Oracle Database Error Messages
ORA-06129: NETTCP: unable to transfer socket ownership to ORASRV
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server was unable to transfer the network
communication handle to the ORACLE server process. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP
server log file for more details.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06130: NETTCP: host access denied
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server rejected this connection request
because the client node does not have access privilege - as determined by the
contents of the Valid Node Table (VNT), a component of the host's CONFIG.ORA.
Action: To grant access, add appropriate entry to the host's VNT.
ORA-06131: NETTCP: user access denied
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server rejected this connection request
because the client user(name) does not have access privilege - as determined by
the contents of the Username Mapping Table (UMT), a component of the host's
CONFIG.ORA.
Action: To grant access, add appropriate entry to the host's UMT.
ORA-06132: NETTCP: access denied, wrong password
Cause: The host SQL*Net TCP/IP server rejected this connection request because
the client password did not match the host password.
Action: To grant access, get passwords in sync.
ORA-06133: NETTCP: file not found
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server could not find the SID mapping file
(specified in CONFIG.ORA) associated with this connection request.
Action: Check CONFIG.ORA for spelling; make correct entry.
ORA-06134: NETTCP: file access privilege violation
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server did not have READ/ EXECUTE
permission for the SID mapping file (specified in CONFIG.ORA) associated with
this connection request.
Action: Change protection on SID mapping file.
ORA-06135: NETTCP: connection rejected; server is stopping
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server rejected this connection request
because it is in the process of stopping.
Action: Re-start SQL*Net TCP/IP server.
ORA-06136: NETTCP: error during connection handshake
Cause: Network I/O failure occurred while communicating with the host's
SQL*Net TCP/IP server. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP server log file for more details.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06137: NETTCP: error during connection handshake
Cause: Network I/O failure occurred while communicating with the host's
SQL*Net TCP/IP server. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP server log file for more details.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06138: NETTCP: error during connection handshake
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-9
Cause: Network I/O failure occurred while communicating with the host's
SQL*Net TCP/IP server. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP server log file for more details.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06140: NETTCP: no such user
Cause: A proxy login connect attempt failed because the client username has no
counterpart on the host.
Action: None
ORA-06141: NETTCP: no privilege for user
Cause: A proxy login connect attempt failed because the SQL*Net TCP/IP server
had insufficient privileges to access the proxy account.
Action: Change account protection; change server privilges.
ORA-06142: NETTCP: error getting user information
Cause: A proxy login connect attempt failed because the SQL*Net TCP/IP server
was unable to access the proxy account. See the SQL*Net TCP/IP server log file for
more details.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06143: NETTCP: maximum connections exceeded
Cause: The connect failed because the maximum conncurrent connections
supported by the host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server has already been reached.
Action: Wait for a short period and re-try.
ORA-06144: NETTCP: SID (database) is unavailable
Cause: The database administrator on the host has varied the SID offline.
Action: Wait for it to be varied back on-line.
ORA-06145: NETTCP: unable to start ORASRV: images not installed
Cause: The host's SQL*Net TCP/IP server was unable to start the ORACLE server
process because the ORACLE protected images were not installed.
Action: Install the images.
ORA-06250: NETNTT: cannot allocate send and receive buffers
Cause: Two-task driver could not allocate data buffers.
Action: There is insufficient memory to run your program. Kill off other processes
to free up memory.
ORA-06251: NETNTT: cannot translate address file name
Cause: ORACLE_HOME environment variable not set.
Action: Make sure that the ORACLE_HOME environment variable has been
properly set and exported.
ORA-06252: NETNTT: cannot open address file
Cause: The NTT two-task driver could not open a file containing address
information.
Action: Make sure that the ORACLE_HOME environment variable has been
properly set and exported. Make sure the instance you are attempting to connect
to is actually up and running.
ORA-06253: NETNTT: cannot read arguments from address file
6-10 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: The NTT two-task driver could not read addressing information from its
addressing file.
Action: Make sure that the ORACLE_HOME environment variable has been
properly set and exported. Make sure the instance you are attempting to connect
to is actually up and running.
ORA-06254: NETNTT: cannot share connection to cube
Cause: The NTT two-task driver could not share a connection to the cube.
Action: Make sure that the ORACLE_HOME environment variable has been
properly set and exported. Make sure the instance you are attempting to connect
to is actually up and running.
ORA-06255: NETNTT: cannot read pid of remote process
Cause: An error occurred while reading the NTT communications link.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06256: NETNTT: remote fork failed
Cause: The Oracle listener process on the cube could not fork off a shadow
process.
Action: The instance you are trying to connect to probably doesn't have enough
memory to run another shadow process. Ask someone else to log off, or connect to
a different instance.
ORA-06257: NETNTT: cannot send command line to shadow process
Cause: An error occurred while writing the NTT communications link.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06258: NETNTT: cannot allocate context area
Cause: Two-task driver could not allocate data buffers.
Action: There is insufficient memory to run your program. Kill off other processes
to free up memory.
ORA-06259: NETNTT: cannot read from remote process
Cause: An error occurred while reading the NTT communications link.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06260: NETNTT: cannot write to remote process
Cause: An error occurred while writing the NTT communications linke.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06261: NETNTT: nrange() failed
Cause: The call to 'nrange()' failed while attempting to establish a connection.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06262: NETNTT: nfconn() failed
Cause: The call to 'nfconn()' failed while attempting to establish a connection.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06263: NETNTT: out of memory in pi_connect
Cause: Two-task driver could not allocate data buffers.
Action: There is insufficient memory to run your program. Kill off other processes
to free up memory.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-11
ORA-06264: NETNTT: data protocol error
Cause: The NTT two-task driver received an unexpected message type."
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06265: NETNTT: break protocol error
Cause: The NTT two-task driver received an unexpected message type."
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06266: NETNTT: bad write length
Cause: The NTT two-task driver failed on an internal consistency check.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06267: NETNTT: bad state
Cause: The NTT two-task driver failed on an internal consistency check.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06268: NETNTT: cannot read /etc/oratab
Cause: The NTT two-task driver could not read configuration information from
/etc/oratab.
Action: Make sure /etc/oratab exists and is readable. This error may occur if the
file is incorrectly formatted. It also may occur if the driver has run out of memory.
ORA-06300: IPA: Disconnect failure
Cause: A fatal error occurred during the disconnect from the server. This was
probably caused by inaccessible message queues.
Action: If there is no message queue, restart the SQL*Net IPA servers using ipactl.
Otherwise contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06301: IPA: Cannot allocate driver context
Cause: The memory pool is exhausted.
Action: Check the circumstances and try to allocate less memory in your program
or adjust the init parameters in your INIT.ORA file and retry.
ORA-06302: IPA: Cannot connect to remote host
Cause: found.
Action: Check sequentially for the above causes and eliminate the actual
ORA-06303: IPA: Message send error
Cause: The SQL*Net IPA driver could not write the message into the message
queue.
Action: Make sure that the message queue exists and is accessible. If necessary
rerun ipactl.
ORA-06304: IPA: Message receive error
Cause: The SQL*Net IPA driver could not read a message from the message
queue.
Action: Make sure that the message queue exists and is accessible. If necessary
rerun ipactl.
ORA-06305: IPA: Illegal message type
Cause: The communication between user and ORACLE is out of synchronization.
This message should not normally be issued.
6-12 Oracle Database Error Messages
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06306: IPA: Message write length error
Cause: The IPA driver tried to write a message in the queue that was too big for
the queue.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06307: IPA: Cannot reset connection
Cause: A fatal error occurred during the resetting of the connection.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06308: IPA: No more connections available
Cause: You have exhausted all your connections.
Action: Try again when some of the current users have logged off.
ORA-06309: IPA: No message queue available
Cause: The SQL*Net IPA servers have not been started.
Action: Run ipactl.
ORA-06310: IPA: Environment variable(s) not set
Cause: Environment variable(s) not set correctly.
Action: Check and correct.
ORA-06311: IPA: Maximum number of servers reached
Cause: Maximum number of servers reached.
Action: Shutdown and restart with an increased maximum number of servers.
Note that database links consume one server per link. Be sure to start up enough
servers to support database links.
ORA-06312: IPA: Incorrect outgoing service name supplied
Cause: Incorrect outgoing service name supplied.
Action: Check and correct the service name.
ORA-06313: IPA: Shared memory failed to initialise
Cause: The shared memory has not been set up correctly.
Action: Contact your system manager.
ORA-06314: IPA: Event set up failure
Cause: Fatal interprocess communication error.
Action: Contact your system manager.
ORA-06315: IPA: Invalid connect string
Cause: The connect string is malformed.
Action: Check and correct.
ORA-06316: IPA: Invalid database SID
Cause: The SID is unknown at the remote side.
Action: Either the database does not exist, is not running, or there are no reserved
servers for that SID.
ORA-06317: IPA: Local maximum number of users exceeded
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-13
Cause: The maximum number of simultaneous users of SQL*Net IPA has been
exceeded on the local side.
Action: Wait for free connections to become available. If the problem persists,
contact your system manager.
ORA-06318: IPA: Local maximum number of connections exceeded
Cause: The maximum number of simultaneous connections that SQL*Net IPA can
handle to different hosts has been exceeded on the local side.
Action: Wait for free connections to become available. If the problem persists,
contact your system manager.
ORA-06319: IPA: Remote maximum number of users exceeded
Cause: The maximum number of simultaneous users of SQL*Net IPA has been
exceeded on the remote side.
Action: Wait for free connections to become available. If the problem persists,
contact your system manager.
ORA-06320: IPA: Remote maximum number of connections exceeded
Cause: The maximum number of simultaneous connections that SQL*Net IPA can
handle from different hosts has been exceeded on the remote side.
Action: Wait for free connections to become available. If the problem persists,
contact your system manager.
ORA-06321: IPA: Cannot reach the remote side
Cause: There has been a timeout on an attempt to connect to a remote server the
reason for which is most likely to be the remote SQL*Net IPA software is not
running. An alternative reason could be that the remote initiator service name is
incorrect.
Action: Check and start the remote SQL*Net software. Check that it is started
with the correct service names supplied.
ORA-06322: IPA: Fatal shared memory error
Cause: An internal error has occurred in the shared memory handling.
Action: Contact customer support.
ORA-06323: IPA: Cause event error
Cause: Fatal interprocess communication error.
Action: Contact your system manager.
ORA-06400: NETCMN: No default host string specified
Cause: There was no default host string specified in the configuration and the
user didn't specify any explicit connect string.
Action: Either reconfigure the system specifying a default connect string or use an
explicit connect string.
ORA-06401: NETCMN: invalid driver designator
Cause: The login (connect) string contains an invalid driver designator.
Action: Correct the string and re-submit.
ORA-06402: NETCMN: error receiving break message
Cause: Error occurred while attempting to read a break message.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
6-14 Oracle Database Error Messages
ORA-06403: Unable to allocate memory.
Cause: System unable to allocate needed virtual memory.
Action: Configure more memory, reduce load, or simply try again.
ORA-06404: NETCMN: invalid login (connect) string
Cause: Syntax error in login string.
Action: Correct string and re-submit.
ORA-06405: NETCMN: reset protocol error
Cause: Unable to reset out of break state.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06406: NETCMN: error sending break message
Cause: Error occurred while attempting to send a break message.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06407: NETCMN: unable to set up break handling environment
Cause: Error occurred while attempting to set up asynchronous handlers for
in-coming, out-of-band break messages.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06408: NETCMN: incorrect message format
Cause: Message from partner contains bad header.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06413: Connection not open.
Cause: Unable to establish connection.
Action: Use diagnostic procedures to ascertain exact problem.
ORA-06416: NETCMN: error on test
Cause: Error occurred while testing I/O status of the network connection.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06419: NETCMN: server can not start oracle
Cause: The remote server was unable to start an ORACLE process on behalf of the
client.
Action: Make sure permissions on the remote ORACLE program are correctly set.
Contact your system administrator.
ORA-06420: NETCMN: SID lookup failure
Cause: From the remote host's server: the database SID, specified in the login
(connect) string, was not recognized.
Action: Add the appropriate SID entry to the CONFIG.ORA or oratab file on the
remote host (restarting the remote server may be needed).
ORA-06421: NETCMN: Error detected in the read-in data
Cause: Error found during recomputation of checksum or CRC.
Action: Possible hardware failures of communication nodes. Contact system
administrator immediately.
ORA-06422: NETCMN: Error in sending data
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-15
Cause: Unable to transmit data to remote host.
Action: Try reconnect to remote host, and contact your system administrator.
ORA-06423: NETCMN: Error in receiving data
Cause: Unable to receive data from remote host.
Action: Try reconnect to remote host, and contact your system administrator.
ORA-06430: ssaio: Seals do not match
Cause: A function was called with an invalid argument.
Action: Contact your Oracle Customer Support Representative.
ORA-06431: ssaio: Invalid Block number
Cause: The file block number is out of range of the file. The additional
information returns the block number.
Action: Verify that the block number is correct. Run dbfsize and check if the block
number is in that range. Contact your Oracle Customer Support Representative.
ORA-06432: ssaio: Buffer Not Aligned
Cause: The I/O buffer was not aligned on a 2K boundary.
Action: Contact your Oracle Customer Support Representative.
ORA-06433: ssaio: LSEEK error, unable to seek to requested block.
Cause: The additional information returns the block number
Action: Look up the additional information returned in your operating system
reference manual. Verify that the block number is correct.
ORA-06434: ssaio: read error, unable to read requested block from database file.
Cause: The read system call returned an error.
Action: The additional information indicates the block number. Look up the
additional information returned in your operating system manual.
ORA-06435: ssaio: write error, unable to write requested block to database file.
Cause: The write system call returned an error.
Action: The additional information indicates the block number. Look up the
additional information returned in your operating system manual.
ORA-06436: ssaio: asynchronous I/O failed due to incorrect parameters.
Cause: The Asynchronous I/O system call returned an error.
Action: The additional information indicates the block number. Look up the
additional information returned in your operating system manual.
ORA-06437: ssaio: the asynchronous write was unable to write to the database file.
Cause: The Asynchronous I/O system call returned an error.
Action: The additional information indicates the block number. Look up the
additional information returned in your operating system manual.
ORA-06438: ssaio: the asynchronous read was unable to read from the database file.
Cause: The Asynchronous I/O system call returned an error.
Action: The additional information indicates the block number. Look up the
additional information returned in your operating system manual.
ORA-06439: ssaio: the asynchronous write returned incorrect number of bytes
6-16 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: This write call may have been truncated. The additional information
returns the block number and number of bytes.
Action: Verify that the block number and the number of bytes written are correct.
ORA-06440: ssaio: the asynchronous read returned incorrect number of bytes
Cause: This read call may have been truncated. The additional information
returns the block number and number of bytes.
Action: Verify that the block number and the number of bytes read are correct.
ORA-06441: ssvwatev: Incorrect parameter passed to function call
Cause: Either the ORACLE process id, or wait time or event ID is invalid.
Action: The additional information indicates the process id, time and event id.
ORA-06442: ssvwatev: Failed with unexpected error number.
Cause: Some system problems may exists on your system, please check error logs.
Action: The additional information indicates the error number. Look up the
additional information returned in your operating system manual.
ORA-06443: ssvpstev: Incorrect parameter passed to function call
Cause: An invalid event ID is passed in to this routine.
Action: The additional information indicates the event id.
ORA-06444: ssvpstev: Failed with unexpected error number.
Cause: Some system problems may exist on your system, please check error logs.
Action: The additional information indicates the error number. Look up the
additional information returned in your operating system manual.
ORA-06445: ssvpstevrg: Incorrect parameters passed to function call
Cause: An invalid event id, or the low and high event ID do not exist.
Action: The additional information indicates the error number. It also contains the
event id, low boundary and high boundary.
ORA-06446: ssvpstevrg: Failed with unexpected error number.
Cause: Some system problems may exist on your system, please check error logs.
Action: The additional information indicates the error number. Look up the
additional information returned in your operating system manual.
ORA-06447: ssvpstp: Incorrect parameter passed to function call
Cause: Invalid oracle process ID is passed in to this routine.
Action: The additional information indicates the process id.
ORA-06448: ssvpstp: Failed with unexpected error number.
Cause: Some system problems may exists on your system, please check error logs.
Action: The additional information indicates the error number. Look up the
additional information returned in your operating system manual.
ORA-06449: The list IO or the sysvendor is not installed.
Cause: ORACLE tries to use the sysvendor interface (INIT.ORA parameter use_
sysvendor=true) but the UNIX kernel does not have the ORACLE sysvendor
interface linked in.
Action: Set use_sysvendor=false in INIT.ORA, if you don't want to use this
interface or link the UNIX kernel with this interface so that ORACLE can use it.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-17
ORA-06500: PL/SQL: storage error
Cause: PL/SQL was unable to allocate additional storage. This message normally
appears with an ORA-4030 or ORA-4031 error which gives additional information.
Sometimes this error can be caused by runaway programs.
Action: 1) Ensure there are no issues or bugs in your PL/SQL program which are
causing excessive amounts of memory to be used. 2) Programmatically cause
unused objects to be freed (e.g. by setting them to NULL). 3) Increase the amount
of shared or process memory (as appropriate) available to you.
ORA-06501: PL/SQL: program error
Cause: This is an internal error message. An error has been detected in a PL/SQL
program.
Action: Contact Oracle Support Services.
ORA-06502: PL/SQL: numeric or value errorstring
Cause: An arithmetic, numeric, string, conversion, or constraint error occurred.
For example, this error occurs if an attempt is made to assign the value NULL to a
variable declared NOT NULL, or if an attempt is made to assign an integer larger
than 99 to a variable declared NUMBER(2).
Action: Change the data, how it is manipulated, or how it is declared so that
values do not violate constraints.
ORA-06503: PL/SQL: Function returned without value
Cause: A call to PL/SQL function completed, but no RETURN statement was
executed.
Action: Rewrite PL/SQL function, making sure that it always returns a value of a
proper type.
ORA-06504: PL/SQL: Return types of Result Set variables or query do not match
Cause: Number and/or types of columns in a query does not match declared
return type of a result set variable, or declared types of two Result Set variables do
not match.
Action: Change the program statement or declaration. Verify what query the
variable actually refers to during execution.
ORA-06505: PL/SQL: variable requires more than 32767 bytes of contiguous
memory
Cause: A PL/SQL variable was declared with a constraint which required more
than 32767 bytes of memory. PL/SQL does not currently support allocations of
contiguous memory greater than 32767 bytes.
Action: Consider reducing the constraint in the variable declaration. If that is not
possible, try changing the database or national character set to such, that requires
less memory for the same constraint. Note: changing the character set will impact
execution of all PL/SQL code.
ORA-06510: PL/SQL: unhandled user-defined exception
Cause: A user-defined exception was raised by PL/SQL code, but not handled.
Action: Fix the problem causing the exception or write an exception handler for
this condition. Or you may need to contact your application administrator or DBA.
ORA-06511: PL/SQL: cursor already open
Cause: An attempt was made to open a cursor that was already open.
6-18 Oracle Database Error Messages
Action: Close cursor first before reopening.
ORA-06512: at stringline string
Cause: Backtrace message as the stack is unwound by unhandled exceptions.
Action: Fix the problem causing the exception or write an exception handler for
this condition. Or you may need to contact your application administrator or DBA.
ORA-06513: PL/SQL: index for PL/SQL table out of range for host language array
Cause: An attempt is being made to copy a PL/SQL table to a host language
array. But an index in the table is either less than one or greater than the maximum
size of the host language array. When copying PL/SQL tables to host language
arrays, the table entry at index 1 is placed in the first element of the array, the entry
at index 2 is placed in the second element of the array, etc. If an table entry has not
been assigned then the corresponding element in the host language array is set to
null.
Action: Increase size of host language array, or decrease size of PL/SQL table.
Also make sure that you don't use index values less than 1.
ORA-06514: PL/SQL: The remote call cannot be handled by the server
Cause: The remote call has parameters that are cursor variables or lob variables.
This cannot be handled by stored procedures on your server.
Action: Avoid using cursor variables or lob variables as parameters for stored
procedures on this server or upgrade your server to a version that supports this.
ORA-06515: PL/SQL: unhandled exception string
Cause: An exception was raised by PL/SQL code, but not handled. The exception
number is outside the legal range of Oracle errors.
Action: Fix the problem causing the exception or write an exception handler for
this condition. Or you may need to contact your application administrator or DBA.
ORA-06516: PL/SQL: the Probe packages do not exist or are invalid
Cause: A Probe operation, probably an attempt to initialize the ORACLE server to
debug PL/SQL, could not be completed because the Probe packages were not
loaded or have become invalid.
Action: DBA should load the Probe packages. This can be done by running the
pbload.sql script supplied with the RDBMS.
ORA-06517: PL/SQL: Probe error - string
Cause: An error occurred while passing a Probe operation to the server for
execution.
Action: Refer to the entry for the embedded error message.
ORA-06518: PL/SQL: Probe version string incompatible with version string
Cause: The current version of Probe is incompatible with the version on the
ORACLE server.
Action: Refer to the documentation to ensure that this degree of compatibility is
supported.
ORA-06519: active autonomous transaction detected and rolled back
Cause: Before returning from an autonomous PL/SQL block, all autonomous
transactions started within the block must be completed (either committed or
rolled back). If not, the active autonomous transaction is implicitly rolled back and
this error is raised.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-19
Action: Ensure that before returning from an autonomous PL/SQL block, any
active autonomous transactions are explicitly committed or rolled back.
----------------------------------------------------------------------- 06520 through 06529
reserved for Foreign function errors
ORA-06520: PL/SQL: Error loading external library
Cause: An error was detected by PL/SQL trying to load the external library
dynamically.
Action: Check the stacked error (if any) for more details.
ORA-06521: PL/SQL: Error mapping function
Cause: An error was detected by PL/SQL trying to map the mentioned function
dynamically.
Action: Check the stacked error (if any) for more details.
ORA-06522: string
Cause: ORA-06520 or ORA-065211 could stack this error with a system specific
error string.
Action: This error string should give the cause for errors ORA-06520 or
ORA-065211
ORA-06523: Maximum number of arguments exceeded
Cause: There is an upper limit on the number of arguments that one can pass to
the external function.
Action: Check the port specific documentation on how to calculate the upper
limit.
ORA-06524: Unsupported option : string
Cause: The option specified is an unsupported feature for external procedures.
Action: Correct the syntax in the external specification
ORA-06525: Length Mismatch for CHAR or RAW data
Cause: The length specified in the length variable has an illegal value. This can
happen if you have requested requested a PL/SQL INOUT, OUT or RETURN raw
variable to be passed as a RAW with no corresponding length variable. This error
can also happen if there is a mismatch in the length value set in the length variable
and the length in the orlvstr or orlraw.
Action: Correct the external procedure code and set the length variable correctly.
ORA-06526: Unable to load PL/SQL library
Cause: PL/SQL was unable to instantiate the library referenced by this referenced
in the EXTERNAL syntax. This is a serious error and should normally not happen.
Action: Report this problem to customer support.
ORA-06527: External procedure SQLLIB error: string
Cause: An error occurred in sqllib during execution of a Pro* external procedure.
Action: The message text indicates the actual SQLLIB error that occurred. Consult
the Oracle Error Messages and Codes manual for a complete description of the
error message and follow the appropriate action.
ORA-06528: Error executing PL/SQL profiler
Cause: An error occurred in during execution of a PL/SQL profiler procedure.
6-20 Oracle Database Error Messages
Action: Check the stacked errors for more details.
ORA-06529: Version mismatch - PL/SQL profiler
Cause: The PL/SQL profiler package (dbmspb.sql, prvtpbp.plb) does not match
the version of the code in the server implementing the profiler.
Action: Run the package profload.sql in $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin to
load the correct version of the PL/SQL profiler packages
ORA-06530: Reference to uninitialized composite
Cause: An object, LOB, or other composite was referenced as a left hand side
without having been initialized.
Action: Initialize the composite with an appropriate constructor or whole-object
assignment.
ORA-06531: Reference to uninitialized collection
Cause: An element or member function of a nested table or varray was referenced
(where an initialized collection is needed) without the collection having been
initialized.
Action: Initialize the collection with an appropriate constructor or whole-object
assignment.
ORA-06532: Subscript outside of limit
Cause: A subscript was greater than the limit of a varray or non-positive for a
varray or nested table.
Action: Check the program logic and increase the varray limit if necessary.
ORA-06533: Subscript beyond count
Cause: An in-limit subscript was greater than the count of a varray or too large for
a nested table.
Action: Check the program logic and explicitly extend if necessary.
ORA-06534: Cannot access Serially Reusable package string
Cause: The program attempted to access a Serially Reusable package in PL/SQL
called from SQL context (trigger or otherwise). Such an access is currently
unsupported.
Action: Check the program logic and remove any references to Serially Reusable
packages (procedure, function or variable references) which might happen in
PL/SQL called from sql context (trigger or otherwise).
ORA-06535: statement string in string is NULL or 0 length
Cause: The program attempted to use a dynamic statement string that was either
NULL or 0 length.
Action: Check the program logic and ensure that the dynamic statement string is
properly initialized.
ORA-06536: IN bind variable bound to an OUT position
Cause: The program attempted to bind an IN bind variable to a statement that
was expecting an OUT bind variable at that position.
Action: Make sure that an OUT or IN OUT bind mode is specified for the bind
argument.
ORA-06537: OUT bind variable bound to an IN position
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-21
Cause: The program attempted to bind an OUT bind variable to a statement that
was expecting an IN bind variable at that position.
Action: Make sure that an IN or IN OUT bind mode is specified for the bind
argument.
ORA-06538: statement violates string RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma
Cause: The program attempted to execute a dynamic statement which does not
meet the purity level specified (in the pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES directive)
for the module executing the statement.
Action: Ensure that the dynamic statement meets the purity level specified for the
module executing the statement.
ORA-06539: target of OPEN must be a query
Cause: The program attempted to perform an OPEN cursor operation on a
dynamic statement that was not a query.
Action: Ensure that the OPEN cursor operation is done on a dynamic query
statement. -------------------------------------------------------- 06540 through 06549
reserved for pl/sql error handling
ORA-06540: PL/SQL: compilation error
Cause: A pl/sql compilation error occurred. However, the user generally will not
see this error message. Instead, there will be accompanying PLS-nnnnn error
messages.
Action: See accompanying PLS-nnnnn error messages.
ORA-06541: PL/SQL: compilation error - compilation aborted
Cause: A pl/sql compilation error occurred and the compilation was aborted; but
the compilation unit was written out to the backing store. However, unlike
ora-06545, the user generally will not see this error message. Instead, there will be
accompanying PLS-nnnnn error messages.
Action: See accompanying PLS-nnnnn error messages.
ORA-06544: PL/SQL: internal error, arguments: [string], [string], [string], [string],
[string], [string], [string], [string]
Cause: A pl/sql internal error occurred.
Action: Report as a bug; the first argument is the internal error nuber.
ORA-06545: PL/SQL: compilation error - compilation aborted
Cause: A pl/sql compilation error occurred and the compilation was aborted
completely without the compilation unit being written out to the backing store.
Unlike ora-06541, the user will always see this error along with the accompaning
PLS-nnnnn error messages.
Action: See accompanying PLS-nnnnn error messages.
ORA-06546: DDL statement is executed in an illegal context
Cause: DDL statement is executed dynamically in illegal PL/SQL context.
- Dynamic OPEN cursor for a DDL in PL/SQL
- Bind variable's used in USING clause to EXECUTE IMMEDIATE a DDL
- Define variable's used in INTO clause to EXECUTE IMMEDIATE a DDL
Action: Use EXECUTE IMMEDIATE without USING and INTO clauses to execute
the DDL statement.
6-22 Oracle Database Error Messages
ORA-06547: RETURNING clause must be used with INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
statements
Cause: EXECUTE IMMEDIATE with a RETURNING clause is used to execute
dynamic UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE statements only.
Action: use RETURNING clause in EXECUTE IMMEDIATE for INSERT,
UPDATE, or DELETE statements only. For other statements, use USING clause
instead.
ORA-06548: no more rows needed
Cause: The caller of a pipelined function did not need more rows to be produced
by the pipelined function.
Action: Do not catch the NO_DATA_NEEDED exception in an exception handling
block.
ORA-06549: PL/SQL: failed to dynamically open shared object (DLL): string:string
Cause: One possible cause might be there are too many DLLs open at the same
time.
Action: --------------------------------------------------------
ORA-06550: line string, column string: string
Cause: Usually a PL/SQL compilation error.
Action: None
ORA-06554: package DBMS_STANDARD must be created before using PL/SQL
Cause: The DBMS specific extensions to PL/SQL's package "STANDARD" are in
package "DBMS_STANDARD". This package must be created before using
PL/SQL.
Action: Create package "DBMS_STANDARD". The source for this PL/SQL stored
package is provided with the distribution.
ORA-06555: this name is currently reserved for use by user SYS
Cause: You tried to create a package named "STANDARD", "DBMS_STANDARD"
or "DEBUG_IO". These are currently reserved for use by user SYS.
Action: Choose another name for your package.
ORA-06556: the pipe is empty, cannot fulfill the unpack_message request
Cause: There are no more items in the pipe.
Action: Check that the sender and receiver agree on the number and types of
items placed on the pipe.
ORA-06557: null values are not allowed for any parameters to pipe icd's
Cause: Internal error from the dbms_pipe package.
Action: None
ORA-06558: buffer in dbms_pipe package is full. No more items allowed
Cause: The pipe buffer size has been exceeded.
Action: None
ORA-06559: wrong datatype requested, string, actual datatype is string
Cause: The sender put different datatype on the pipe than that being requested
(package 'dbms_pipe'). The numbers are: 6 - number, 9 - char, 12 - date.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-23
Action: Check that the sender and receiver agree on the number and types of
items placed on the pipe.
ORA-06560: pos, string, is negative or larger than the buffer size, string
Cause: Internal error from the dbms_pipe package.
Action: None
ORA-06561: given statement is not supported by package DBMS_SQL
Cause: Attempting to parse an unsupported statement using procedure PARSE
provided by package DBMS_SQL.
Action: Only statements which begin with SELECT, DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE,
LOCK, BEGIN, DECLARE or << (PL/SQL label delimiter) are supported.
ORA-06562: type of out argument must match type of column or bind variable
Cause: Attempting to get the value of a column or a bind variable by calling
procedure COLUMN_VALUE or VARIABLE_VALUE of package DBMS_SQL but
the type of the given out argument where to place the value is different from the
type of the column or bind variable that was previously defined by calling
procedure DEFINE_COLUMN (for defining a column) or BIND_VARIABLE (for
binding a bind variable) of package DBMS_SQL.
Action: Pass in an out argument of the correct type when calling procedure
COLUMN_VALUE or VARIABLE_VALUE. The right type is the type that was
provided when defining the column or binding the bind variable.
ORA-06563: name has too many parts
Cause: The name to be resolved was specified as one of the following:
- With three parts (A.B.C) but the A.B parts resolved to an object that did not
expose visible nested procedures; the C part could not be resolved.
- With two parts (A.B) and the A part resolved to an object that did not expose
visible nested procedures; the B part could not be resolved.
Action: Specify the valid name of an object or of a packaged procedure or
function without specifying any additional trailing parts.
ORA-06564: object string does not exist
Cause: The named object could not be found. Either it does not exist or you do not
have permission to access it.
Action: Create the object or get permission to access it.
ORA-06565: cannot execute string from within stored procedure
Cause: The named procedure cannot be executed from within a stored procedure,
function or package. This function can only be used from pl/sql anonymous
blocks.
Action: Remove the procedure from the calling stored procedure.
ORA-06566: invalid number of rows specified
Cause: An invalid number of rows was specified in a call to the procedure
DEFINE_COLUMN in the package DBMS_SQL. For a given parsed statement in a
given cursor, all columns must be defined to have the same number of rows, so all
the calls to DEFINE_COLUMN must specify the same number of rows.
Action: Specify a number that matches that for previously defined columns.
ORA-06567: invalid number of values specified
6-24 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: An invalid number of values to be bound was specified in a call to the
procedure BIND_VARIABLE in the package DBMS_SQL. In order to execute a
given parsed statement in a given cursor, the same number of values must have
been bound for all bind variables, so when EXECUTE is called, the latest calls to
BIND_VARIABLE must must have specified the same number of values to be
bound for all bind variables.
Action: Make sure that the same number of values have been bound for all of the
bind variables.
ORA-06568: obsolete ICD procedure called
Cause: An obsolete ICD procedure was called by a PL/SQL program. The
PL/SQL program was probably written for an eralier release of RDBMS.
Action: Make sure that all PL/SQL programs have been upgraded to the latest
release of the RDBMS. This can be accomplished by following upgrade
instructions in the README file, or by running the catproc.sql script supplied
with the RDBMS.
ORA-06569: Collection bound by bind_array contains no elements
Cause: A collection with zero elements was bound to a bind variable in a call to
procedure BIND_ARRAY in the package DBMS_SQL. In order to execute a bind of
a collection, the collection must contain at least one element. If no elements are
present then at execute time there will be no value for this bind and the statement
is meaningless.
Action: Fill the collection with the elements you want to bind and try the bind call
again.
ORA-06570: shared pool object does not exist, cannot be pinned/purged
Cause: The specified shared pool shared cursor could not be found, therefore it
cannot be pinned/purged.
Action: Remove the procedure from the calling stored procedure.
ORA-06571: Function string does not guarantee not to update database
Cause: There are two possible causes for this message:
* A SQL statement references a packaged, PL/SQL function that does not contain a
pragma that prevents the database from being updated.
* A SQL statement references a stand-alone, PL/SQL function that contains an
instruction to update the database.
Action: If the referenced function is a packaged, PL/SQL function: Recreate the
PL/SQL function with the required pragma; be certain to include the 'Write No
Database State' (WNDS) argument in the argument list of the pragma. If the
referenced function is a stand-alone, PL/SQL function: Do not use the function.
ORA-06572: Function string has out arguments
Cause: A SQL statement references either a packaged, or a stand-alone, PL/SQL
function that contains an OUT parameter in its argument list. PL/SQL functions
referenced by SQL statements must not contain the OUT parameter.
Action: Recreate the PL/SQL function without the OUT parameter in the
argument list.
ORA-06573: Function string modifies package state, cannot be used here
Cause: There are two possible causes for this message:
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-25
* A SQL statement references a packaged, PL/SQL function that does not contain a
pragma containing the 'Write no Package State' (WNPS).
* A SQL statement references a stand-alone, PL/SQL function that modifies a
package state. A stand-alone, PL/SQL function referenced by a SQL statement
cannot modify a package state.
Action: If the function is a packaged, PL/SQL function: Recreate the function and
include a pragma containing the 'Write no Package State' (WNPS). If the function
is a stand-alone, PL/SQL function: Delete the function from the SQL statement.
ORA-06574: Function string references package state, cannot execute remotely
Cause: There are two possible causes for this message:
* A remote, packaged function or a remote-mapped, local, packaged function that
does not contain a pragma with the 'Write no Package State' (WNPS) and 'Read no
Package State' (RNPS) arguments references a package state.
* A remote, stand-alone function or a remote-mapped, local, stand-alone function
contains a reference to a package state (reads or writes a package variable). Only
local functions that are referenced in a SELECT list, VALUES clause of an INSERT
statement, or SET clause of an UPDATE statement can modify a package state.
Action: If the function is a packaged function: Recreate the function and include a
pragma containing the 'Write no Package State' (WNPS) and 'Read no Package
State' (RNPS) arguments. If the function is a stand-alone function: Do not call the
function.
ORA-06575: Package or function string is in an invalid state
Cause: A SQL statement references a PL/SQL function that is in an invalid state.
Oracle attempted to compile the function, but detected errors.
Action: Check the SQL statement and the PL/SQL function for syntax errors or
incorrectly assigned, or missing, privileges for a referenced object.
ORA-06576: not a valid function or procedure name
Cause: Could not find a function (if an INTO clause was present) or a procedure
(if the statement did not have an INTO clause) to call.
Action: Change the statement to invoke a function or procedure
ORA-06577: output parameter not a bind variable
Cause: The argument corresponding to an IN/OUT or OUT parameter for a
function or a procedure or a function return value in a CALL statement must be a
bind variable.
Action: Change the argument to a bind variable
ORA-06578: output parameter cannot be a duplicate bind
Cause: The bind variable corresponding to an IN/OUT or OUT parameter for a
function or a procedure or a function return value in a CALL statement cannot be
a duplicate bind variable.
Action: Change the bind variable to be unique
ORA-06579: Bind variable not big enough to hold the output value
Cause: The bind variable specified by the user is not large enough to hold the
output returned by the function or a procedure.
Action: Specify a bind variable of larger size.
6-26 Oracle Database Error Messages
ORA-06580: Hash Join ran out of memory while keeping large rows in memory
Cause: Hash Join reserves 3 slots (each slot size = DB_BLOCK_SIZE * HASH_
JOIN_MULTIBLOCK_IO_COUNT) for a row. If a row is larger than that, this error
will be raised.
Action: Increase HASH_JOIN_MULTIBLOCK_IO_COUNT so that each joined
row fits in a slot. HASH_AREA_SIZE may also need to be increaed.
ORA-06592: CASE not found while executing CASE statement
Cause: A CASE statement must either list all possible cases or have an else clause.
Action: Add all missing cases or an else clause.
ORA-06593: string is not supported with natively compiled PL/SQL modules
Cause: Specified feature is not yet supported for natively compiled PL/SQL
modules yet.
Action: Recompile the relevant PL/SQL modules in non-native mode by setting
the parameter plsql_compiler_flags to INTERPRETED.
ORA-06595: REF CURSOR parameters are not supported in forwarded RPC calls
Cause: An attempt was made to make a forwarded RPC call with a REF CURSOR
parameter.
Action: Either call the remote function directly (i.e., not by way of forwarding), or
move the remote function to a database where it can be called directly.
ORA-06596: object cannot be purged, object is permanently kept in shared pool
Cause: The specified object was permanently kept, therefore, cannot be purged.
Action: Use DBMS_SHARED_POOL.UNKEEP procedure to unkeep the object
and then purge it.
ORA-06597: Failed to increase the session's call stack memory to string bytes at a
depth of string calls. (The current maximum is string bytes.)
Cause: PL/SQL program execution used more call stack memory than permitted.
Action: * Ask your DBA to increase the maximum allowed call stack memory.
* Decrease the amount of call stack used by the program. This may be
accomplished by using fewer, smaller local variables, or by limiting the depth of
function call nesting.
ORA-06598: insufficient INHERIT PRIVILEGES privilege
Cause: An attempt was made to run an AUTHID CURRENT_USER function or
procedure, or to reference a BEQUEATH CURRENT_USER view, and the owner of
that function, procedure, or view lacks INHERIT PRIVILEGES privilege on the
calling user.
Action: Either do not call the function or procedure or reference the view, or grant
the owner of the function, procedure, or view INHERIT PRIVILEGES privilege on
the calling user.
ORA-06599: unsupported LOB operation in RPC call
Cause: An attempt was made to perform certain large object (LOB) date type
operations (for example, deep copying of a temporary or abstract LOB on the
client side) while performing a remote procedural call (RPC). This is not currently
supported.
Action: Perform the LOB operation in question before starting the RPC. Or,
perform those LOB operations on the server side instead of the client side.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-27
ORA-06600: LU6.2 Driver: SNA software is not loaded
Cause: The SNA software is not running.
Action: Start the SNA software and try again.
ORA-06601: LU6.2 Driver: Invalid database ID string
Cause: The database string in the connect was invalid.
Action: Provide a valid database string, as defined in documentation.
ORA-06602: LU6.2 Driver: Error allocating context area
Cause: Context area failure.
Action: Contact your local service representative.
ORA-06603: LU6.2 Driver: Error allocating memory
Cause: Operating system refused request for memory.
Action: Contact you local service representative.
ORA-06604: LU6.2 Driver: Unable to allocate session with remote LU
Cause: Allocate system call failed.
Action: Ensure that the SNA software is running and that sessions are free. If this
is the case, then check your SNA configuration data for errors. You may have
entered an incorrect parameter.
ORA-06605: LU6.2 Driver: Unexpected line turnaround
Cause: SNA software switched from send to receive unexpectedly.
Action: Check the SNA configuration data, particularly parameters associated
with a session.
ORA-06606: LU6.2 Driver: Unexpected response from SNA
Cause: A parameter in an SNA call returned an unexpected value.
Action: Attempt to reproduce problem, debug and record the value of the 'what'
data parameter at the time of error. Then contact your service representative.
ORA-06607: LU6.2 Driver: Reset occurred in send state
Cause: A reset was issued whilst in send state.
Action: Check the SNA LOG data, if relevent, for further information.
ORA-06608: LU6.2 Driver: Reset occurred in receive state
Cause: A reset was received from the partner whilst in receive state. This may be
because the partner deallocated.
Action: Check the SNA LOG data, if relevent, for further information.
ORA-06610: LU6.2 Driver: Failed during deallocation
Cause: LU6.2 driver was unable to deallocate gracefully.
Action: Check the reason for deallocation. Consult the SNA LOG data.
ORA-06616: LU6.2 Driver: Attach to LU failed
Cause: The SQL*Net LU6.2 driver was unable to attach to the LU specified in the
connect string, or was unable to attach to the default LU.
Action: Check that the LU name specified in the connect string, or the default LU
name if no LU was specified, is correctly configured and operational.
ORA-06622: LU6.2 Driver: Unable to attach to SNA
6-28 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: The SQL*Net LU6.2 driver could not attach to the SNA software on your
machine. The most likely cause is that the SNA software is not operational.
Action: Check the status of the SNA software, ensure that it is operational and
then try again.
ORA-06700: TLI Driver: incorrect message type from host
Cause: TLI received a message with an unrecognizable message type.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06701: TLI Driver: incorrect number of bytes written
Cause: TLI sent a message that was apparently successful, but the number of
bytes transmitted did not match the number of bytes supplied to the driver.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06702: TLI Driver: cannot allocate context area
Cause: TLI could not allocate heap space for the context area.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06703: TLI Driver: send break message failed
Cause: TLI failed to send a break message across the connection.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06704: TLI Driver: receive break message failed
Cause: TLI failed to receive an expected break message.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06705: TLI Driver: remote node is unknown
Cause: TLI could not find your remote host information.
Action: Make sure you specified the hostname correctly on the command line.
(Also, check your capitalization and spelling.)
ORA-06706: TLI Driver: service not found
Cause: TLI could not find service information for the specified service name.
Action: If you specified the service name on the command line or with the
environment variable TLI_SERVER, make sure you specified it correctly. If the
service name is not in the SERVICES file for your protocol, ask your system
adminstrator to add it.
ORA-06707: TLI Driver: connection failed
Cause: TLI failed to establish the connection to a SQL*Net TCP/IP server due to
an error encountered by the remote server, which has supplied a string describing
the remote error.
Action: See the SQL*Net TCP/IP User's Guide section "orasrv Messages" for the
specific cause and action.
ORA-06708: TLI Driver: message receive failure
Cause: TLI encountered an error receiving a message from the communication
channel.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06709: TLI Driver: message send failure
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-29
Cause: TLI encountered an error sending a message across the communication
channel.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06710: TLI Driver: send interrupt break message failed
Cause: TLI failed to send a break message while handling an interrupt signal from
the user.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06711: TLI Driver: error on bind
Cause: TLI failed to assign a network address to the communication channel.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06712: TLI Driver: error on accept
Cause: TLI failed to accept a connection request from the client.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06713: TLI Driver: error on connect
Cause: TLI failed to connect the client to the remote server. The network line to
the remote host may be down.
Action: Use other network login programs to make sure that the remote host is
accessible.
ORA-06720: TLI Driver: SID lookup failure
Cause: The database SID supplied in the database login string was not recognized
by the remote host.
Action: Ask your system administrator to add the appropriate SID entry to oratab
on the remote host.
ORA-06721: TLI Driver: spurious client req
Cause: The remote TLI server received an undefined request.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06722: TLI Driver: connection setup failure
Cause: The remote TLI server rejected the connection request, and the client was
unable to retrieve an error code or message.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06730: TLI Driver: unable to open clone device
Cause: TLI failed to open the Streams clone device associated with the transport
provider.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06731: TLI Driver: cannot alloc t_call
Cause: TLI cannot allocate space for the client's connection information.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06732: TLI Driver: cannot alloc t_discon
Cause: TLI cannot allocate space for the client's disconnection information.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06733: TLI Driver: failed to receive disconnect
6-30 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: TLI failed to receive an expected disconnection message during connection
release.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06734: TLI Driver: cannot connect
Cause: TLI failed to connect the client to the remote server.
Action: Check that the remote TLI server is running.
ORA-06735: TLI Driver: client failed to close error conn
Cause: TLI failed to properly close a connection after an error was received.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06736: TLI Driver: server not running
Cause: TLI timed out while attempting to connect to the remote TLI server.
Action: Check that the remote TLI server is running with the status utility for the
transport provider you are using. If it is not, ask your system adminstrator to start
it.
ORA-06737: TLI Driver: connection failed
Cause: TLI could not establish a connection to the remote TLI server.
Action: Check that the remote TLI server is running with the status utility for the
transport provider you are using.
ORA-06741: TLI Driver: unable to open protocol device
Cause: The TLI server failed to open the Streams device associated with the
transport provider.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06742: TLI Driver: cannot alloc t_bind
Cause: The TLI server cannot allocate space for its requested network address.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06743: TLI Driver: cannot alloc t_bind
Cause: The TLI server cannot allocate space for its actual network address.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06744: TLI Driver: listener cannot bind
Cause: The TLI server failed to assign the correct network address on which to
listen for connections.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06745: TLI Driver: listener already running
Cause: The network address on which the TLI server awaits connection requests
is in use, possibly because the server is already running.
Action: Ensure that the TLI server is not already running. If it is not running and
this error message recurs, contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06746: TLI Driver: cannot alloc t_call
Cause: TLI cannot allocate space for the TLI server's connection information.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06747: TLI Driver: error in listen
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-31
Cause: The TLI server encountered an error while listening for connection
requests.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06748: TLI Driver: cannot allocate t_discon
Cause: TLI cannot allocate space for the TLI server's disconnection information.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06749: TLI Driver: option not allowed across network
Cause: The requested TLI server command must be issued from the same host on
which the server is running.
Action: Log in to the remote host and try again.
ORA-06750: TLI Driver: sync failed
Cause: The ORACLE process started by the TLI server was unable to synchronize
its inherited connection.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06751: TLI Driver: bound addresses unequal
Cause: The osn check server address failed. The bound server address was not the
same as the requested binding address.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06752: TLI: error in signal setup
Cause: A call to sigaction() returned with a system error.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06753: TLI Driver: name-to-address mapping failed
Cause: For SVR4, the netdir_getbyname() call failed for some unknown reason.
Action: Contact your custumer service representative.
ORA-06754: TLI Driver: unable to get local host address
Cause: The name of the remote host to connect to was not specified, and the name
of the local host cannot be retrieved from the HOSTS file.
Action: Contact your system administrator.
ORA-06755: TLI Driver: cannot close transport endpoint
Cause: The TLI server was unable to close a connection after passing it to an
ORACLE process.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06756: TLI Driver: cannot open oratab
Cause: The TLI server could not open the file used to define the locations of
remotely accessible databases.
Action: Ask your system administrator to check that the file exists and has the
correct permissions.
ORA-06757: TLI Driver: server got bad command
Cause: The TLI server received an invalid command.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06760: TLI Driver: timeout reading orderly release
6-32 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: TLI was not able to retreive an expected disconnect message while closing
the communication channel.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06761: TLI Driver: error sending orderly release
Cause: TLI encountered an error sending a disconnect message closing the
communication channel.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06762: TLI Driver: error reading orderly release
Cause: TLI encountered an error receiving an expected disconnect message while
closing the communication channel.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06763: TLI Driver: error sending disconnect
Cause: TLI encountered an error sending a disconnect message closing the
communication channel.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06764: TLI Driver: error reading disconnect
Cause: TLI was not able to retreive an expected disconnect message while closing
the communication channel.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06765: TLI Driver: error awaiting orderly release
Cause: TLI encountered an error awaiting a disconnect message while closing the
communication channel.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06766: TLI Driver: close failed during release
Cause: TLI failed to close the communication channel after receiving a disconnect
message.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06767: TLI Driver: alloc failed during release
Cause: TLI cannot allocate space for disconnection information while closing the
communication channel.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06770: TLI Driver: error sending version
Cause: TLI encountered an error while sending its version information during
connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06771: TLI Driver: error reading version
Cause: TLI encountered an error while awaiting the expected version information
during connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06772: TLI Driver: error sending command
Cause: TLI encountered an error while sending a command message during
connection establishment.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-33
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06773: TLI Driver: error reading command
Cause: TLI encountered an error while awaiting the expected command message
during connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06774: TLI Driver: error sending break mode
Cause: TLI encountered an error while sending break-mode message during
connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06775: TLI Driver: error reading break mode
Cause: TLI encountered an error while awaiting the expected break-mode
message during connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06776: TLI Driver: error sending parms
Cause: TLI encountered an error while sending the connection parameters during
connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06777: TLI Driver: error reading parms
Cause: TLI encountered an error while awaiting the expected connection
parameter message during connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06778: TLI Driver: error sending ccode
Cause: TLI encountered an error while sending the completion status message
during connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06779: TLI Driver: error reading ccode
Cause: TLI encountered an error while awaiting the expected completion status
message during connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06780: TLI Driver: recv error code failed
Cause: TLI encountered an error while awaiting an expected error message
during connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06781: TLI Driver: error reading negotation string
Cause: TLI encountered an error while awaiting the expected negotiation message
during connection establishment.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06790: TLI Driver: poll failed
Cause: TLI was unable to poll the communication channel for possible incoming
messages.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
6-34 Oracle Database Error Messages
ORA-06791: TLI Driver: poll returned error event
Cause: TLI received an unexpected event while polling the communication
channel for possible incoming messages.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06792: TLI Driver: server cannot exec oracle
Cause: The remote TLI server was unable to start an ORACLE process on behalf
of the client.
Action: Note the operating system error message or number and contact your
system adminstrator. The permissions on the remote ORACLE program may be
set incorrectly.
ORA-06793: TLI Driver: server cannot create new process
Cause: The remote TLI server was unable to start an ORACLE process on behalf
of the client.
Action: Note the operating system error message or number and contact your
system adminstrator. The remote host may be unable to create any new processes
due to a full process table.
ORA-06794: TLI Driver: shadow process could not retrieve protocol info
Cause: The ORACLE process either failed to allocate memory to store the protocol
information record, or the protocol rejected the request for some unknown reason.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06800: TLI Driver: SQL*Net SPX client went away during reconnect
Cause: The client process was aborted by the system or the user, and was unable
to complete the connection establishment with the server listener process.
Action: Determine cause of client exit, and reattempt connection.
ORA-06801: TLI Driver: listen for SPX server reconnect failed
Cause: An unknown event occurred on the client's listening socket.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06802: TLI Driver: could not open the /etc/netware/yellowpages file
Cause: The /etc/netware/yellowpages file does not exist, or is not readable by
the TLI listener process.
Action: Insure the file exists and is readable. Make sure that the server machine's
node name, network number, ethernet address, and listening socket number are
encoded in the file.
ORA-06803: TLI Driver: the IPX device file could not be opened
Cause: The /dev/ipx file does not exist, or the driver has not been installed in the
kernel correctly.
Action: Reinvoke the Oracle root installation. If problem continues, contact your
customer support representative.
ORA-06804: TLI Driver: could not bind an IPX address at initialization
Cause: The IPX driver has not been correctly installed.
Action: Reinvoke the Oracle root installation. If problem continues, contact your
customer support representative.
ORA-06805: TLI Driver: could not send datagram SAP packet for SPX
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-35
Cause: The socket endpoint for sending SAP packet was corrupted for some
unknown reason.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06806: TLI Driver: could not complete protocol initialization for SPX
Cause: A step in the SPX/IPX protocol initialization failed.
Action: Check the previous error reported, and follow corrective action.
ORA-06807: TLI Driver: could not open ethernet device driver file
Cause: The file /dev/eth does not exist, or the driver it references could not be
opened.
Action: The system's real ethernet device file, for example /dev/wd, for the
Western Digital ethernet driver, should be linked to the file /dev/eth. If this has
been done, insure that the ethernet driver has been installed by completing the
TCP/IP installation on your system, and testing a connection. If problem
continues, contact your customer support representative for a list of supported
ethernet drivers.
ORA-06808: TLI Driver: could not link IPX and ethernet streams
Cause: Either the ethernet driver has not been installed in the system correctly, or
the ethernet driver is not supported.
Action: Insure that the ethernet driver has been installed by completing the
TCP/IP installation on your system, and testing a connection. If problem
continues, contact your customer support representative for a list of supported
ethernet drivers.
ORA-06809: TLI Driver: could not clear the IPX ethernet SAP at init
Cause: The IPX driver has not been correctly installed.
Action: Reinvoke the Oracle root installation. If problem continues, contact your
customer support representative.
ORA-06810: TLI Driver: could not set the IPX ethernet SAP at init
Cause: The IPX driver has not been correctly installed.
Action: Reinvoke the Oracle root installation. If problem continues, contact your
customer support representative.
ORA-06811: TLI Driver: could not set the IPX network number at init
Cause: The IPX driver has not been correctly installed, or the network number
encoded in the /etc/netware/yellowpages file is invalid.
Action: The network number in the yellowpages file should match the four-byte
network number of your Novell file server. If this is configured correctly, reinvoke
the Oracle root installation. If problem continues, contact your customer support
representative.
ORA-06812: TLI Driver: could not read the ethernet driver's node address
Cause: The ethernet driver is not installed correctly, or does not support this
operation.
Action: Contact your customer support representative for a list of supported
ethernet drivers.
ORA-06813: TLI Driver: the configured ethernet address is incorrect
Cause: The node address read from the ethernet driver does not match the value
encoded in the /etc/netware/yellowpages file for this server.
6-36 Oracle Database Error Messages
Action: Confirm the correct ethernet node address for your LAN card, and enter
this value in the yellowpages file.
ORA-06814: TLI Driver: the SPX device file could not be opened
Cause: The /dev/nspxd file does not exist, or the driver has not been installed in
the kernel correctly.
Action: Reinvoke the Oracle root installation. If problem continues, contact your
customer support representative.
ORA-06815: TLI Driver: could not link SPX and IPX streams
Cause: The SPX driver has not been correctly installed.
Action: Reinvoke the Oracle root installation. If problem continues, contact your
customer support representative.
ORA-06816: TLI Driver: could not set the SPX SAP address
Cause: The SPX driver has not been correctly installed.
Action: Reinvoke the Oracle root installation. If problem continues, contact your
customer support representative.
ORA-06817: TLI Driver: could not read the Novell network address
Cause: The file $ORACLE_HOME/spx/address could not be opened for reading
and writing.
Action: Make sure ORACLE_HOME is set, and the permissions on the ORACLE_
HOME are read, write. If this file has been unintentially deleted, run spxctl (net
option) to reset the configured Novell network number for SQL*Net SPX.
ORA-06900: CMX: cannot read tns directory
Cause: CMX is not started on your system.
Action: Install and/or start CMX on your system.
ORA-06901: CMX: no local name assigned to local application
Cause: Local application oracmx has no local name assigned
Action: Enter unique local name for oracmx in the tns directory
ORA-06902: CMX: cannot attach to cmx subsystem
Cause: ccp-xxxx is not started
Action: start your ccp software on the communication controller
ORA-06903: CMX: cannot read transport address of remote application
Cause: remote application not entered in tns directory
Action: enter remote application in tns directory
ORA-06904: CMX: no transport address available for remote application
Cause: no local name assigned to remote application
Action: assign local name to remote application
ORA-06905: CMX: connect error
Cause: remote partner not listening
Action: make sure remote node has CMX installed and running make sure
oracmx is running on remote host
ORA-06906: CMX: cannot get maximum packet size from CMX
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-37
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06907: CMX: error during connect confirmation
Cause: remote partner aborted
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06908: CMX: error during transfer of ORACLE_SID
Cause: remote partner aborted
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06909: CMX: error during acknowledge of ORACLE_SID
Cause: remote partner aborted
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06910: CMX: Cannot start oracle process on remote machine
Cause: oracle process not found or wrong mode (should be 4751)
Action: change /etc/oratab or set mode to 4751
ORA-06911: CMX: t_event returns ERROR
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06912: CMX: write error in datarq
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06913: CMX: error during redirection of connection
Cause: oracmx has been stopped, or user process has been aborted
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06914: CMX: unexepected event during start of oracle
Cause: connect sequence out of sync
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06915: CMX: unknown t_event in datarq
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06916: CMX: error in data read (t_datain)
Cause: remote partner aborted
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06917: CMX: error in data read (too many bytes read)
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06918: CMX: T_NOEVENT during wait for read event
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
6-38 Oracle Database Error Messages
ORA-06919: CMX: error during write request (unknown event)
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06920: CMX: getbrkmsg illegal datatype
Cause: received packets are corrupted
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06921: CMX: getdatmsg illegal datatype
Cause: received packets are corrupted
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06922: CMX: bad write length
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06923: CMX: illegal break condition
Cause: break handling out of sync
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06924: CMX: wrong break message length
Cause: received packets are corrupted
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06925: CMX: disconnect during connect request
Cause: partner is not responding
Action: make sure partner is up and running and reachable
ORA-06926: CMX: T_ERROR during read data
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06927: CMX: T_DATAIN received before all data written
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06928: CMX: wrong ORACLE_SID
Cause: ORACLE_SID is not entered in remote oratab
Action: add ORACLE_SID to remote oratab
ORA-06929: CMX: error when sending ORACLE_SID
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06930: CMX: error when checking ORACLE_SID
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06931: CMX: error during read_properties for server
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-39
ORA-06932: CMX: error in local name
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06933: CMX: error during attach
Cause: internal error in CMX
Action: contact your customer support representative
ORA-06950: No error
Cause: SQL*Net AppleTalk error codes base. This is not an error.
Action: None
ORA-06951: Operating system call error
Cause: AppleTalk API received error in VMS system service.
Action: Contact Oracle Customer Support representative.
ORA-06952: Remote end of the communication issued a forward-reset packet.
Cause: Peer program may have aborted
Action: Investigate network problems and try again.
ORA-06953: Not enough virtual memory
Cause: Not enough memory available.
Action: Check VMS process quotas and/or sysgen parameters
ORA-06954: Illegal file name
Cause: Erroneous file name
Action: Check path name for server output file, or SQL*Net Appletalk Logical
names and symbols.
ORA-06955: Number of database servers exceed limit
Cause: Too many database connections.
Action: Check ATKSRV_MAXCONparameter in configuration file.
ORA-06956: Failed to get local host name
Cause: Unable to get Appletalk host name.
Action: Check Appletalk configuration.
ORA-06957: No SID is currently available
Cause: Incoming SQL*Net connection specified invalid SID name.
Action: Specify correct SID in connect string and retry.
ORA-06958: Failed to access configuration file
Cause: Unable to access CONFIG.ATK
Action: Check file protections.
ORA-06959: Buffer I/O quota is too small
Cause: Buffered I/O quota exceeded.
Action: Increase BIOlm using AUTHORIZE utility and retry.
ORA-06960: Failed to access log file
Cause: SQL*Net Appletalk listener could not create log file.
6-40 Oracle Database Error Messages
Action: Check directory path and protections.
ORA-06970: X.25 Driver: remote host is unknown
Cause: Host name specified in the login (connect string) is unknown.
Action: Check spelling; make sure name is in the X.25 HOST file.
ORA-06973: X.25 Driver: invalid buffer size
Cause: The buffer size specified in the login string must be between 5 and 4096.
Action: Re-submit with valid buffer size.
ORA-06974: X.25 Driver: SID lookup failure
Cause: From the remote host's SQL*Net X.25 server: the database SID, specified in
the login (connect) string, was not recognized.
Action: Add the appropriate SID entry to the CONFIG.ORA file on the remote
host (and restart the SQL*Net X.25 server).
ORA-06975: X.25 Driver: connect to host failed
Cause: Connection attempt to remote host has failed. Probably means that the
SQL*Net X.25 server on the remote host is not up, or the host itself is not up.
Action: Start the SQL*Net X.25 server process on the remote host.
ORA-06976: X.25 Driver: endpoint creation failure
Cause: Process open file quota probably exceeded.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-06977: X.25 Driver: X.25 Level 2 failure
Cause: X.25 level 2 is down. X.25 link is not working.
Action: Run system checks to verify functioning of X.25 software. Contact your
hardware vendor.
ORA-06978: X.25 Driver: Too many callback tries
Cause: Call back address probably same as called address.
Action: Verify that callback address and called address are different.
ORA-06979: X.25 Driver: server cannot start oracle
Cause: The remote X.25 server was unable to start an ORACLE process on behalf
of the client.
Action: Make sure permissions on the remote ORACLE program are correctly set.
Contact your system administrator.
ORA-07200: slsid: oracle_sid not set.
Cause: The environment variable $(ORACLE_SID) is not set.
Action: Set ORACLE_SID environment variable.
ORA-07201: slhom: oracle_home variable not set in environment.
Cause: $(ORACLE_HOME) environment variable not set.
Action: Set ORACLE_HOME.
ORA-07202: sltln: invalid parameter to sltln.
Cause: The sltln name translation routine was called with invalid arguments. The
input, or output stings were either NULL or 0 length.
Action: Probable internal oracle error. Contact customer support.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-41
ORA-07203: sltln: attempt to translate a long environment variable.
Cause: A string was passed to sltln containing a long environment variable. sltln
accepts environment names of 30 or less characters.
Action: Shorten environment variable name to less than 30 characters.
ORA-07204: sltln: name translation failed due to lack of output buffer space.
Cause: The sltln routine is given a maximum length buffer to expand the name
into. An overflow of this buffer occurred.
Action: Possible internal error. Check output buffer length stored in sercose[0].
Pathnames are limited to 255 characters.
ORA-07205: slgtd: time error, unable to obtain time.
Cause: Time() system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned. Contact customer support.
ORA-07206: slgtd: gettimeofday error, unable to obtain time.
Cause: Gettimeofday() system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned. Contact customer support.
ORA-07207: sigpidu: process ID string overflows internal buffer.
Cause: The sigpidu routine is given a maximum length buffer to hold process ID
string. An overflow of this buffer occurred.
Action: Internal error. Contact customer support.
ORA-07208: sfwfb: failed to flush dirty buffers to disk.
Cause: The fsync system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned. Contact customer support.
ORA-07209: sfofi: file size limit was exceeded.
Cause: The size of the file to be opened exceeded the OS limit imposed on this
process.
Action: Run osh to increase the file size limit.
ORA-07210: slcpu: getrusage error, unable to get cpu time.
Cause: Getrusage system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned. Contact customer support.
ORA-07211: slgcs: gettimeofday error, unable to get wall clock.
Cause: Gettimeofday system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned in OS reference manual. Contact
customer support.
ORA-07212: slcpu: times error, unable to get cpu time.
Cause: times system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned. Contact customer support.
ORA-07213: slgcs: times error, unable to get wall clock.
Cause: times system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned in OS reference manual. Contact
customer support.
ORA-07214: slgunm: uname error, unable to get system information.
6-42 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: uname system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned in OS reference manual. Contact
customer support.
ORA-07215: slsget: getrusage error.
Cause: Getrusage system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned. Look for information in OS
reference. Contact customer support.
ORA-07216: slghst: gethostname error, unable to get name of current host.
Cause: gethostname system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned in OS reference manual. Contact
customer support.
ORA-07217: sltln: environment variable cannot be evaluated.
Cause: getenv call returned a null pointer.
Action: Set the environment variable and try again.
ORA-07218: slkhst: could not perform host operation
Cause: Unix system() call failed
Action: Examine system error message
ORA-07219: slspool: unable to allocate spooler argument buffer.
Cause: Malloc failed to allocate space to hold spooler arguments.
Action: Check additional information returned in OS reference manual. The
process may have run out of heap space. Contact customer support.
ORA-07220: slspool: wait error.
Cause: Wait returned an error, when waiting for spool job to complete. Possible
spooler program error.
Action: Check additional information returned. Refer to OS reference manual.
Contact customer support.
ORA-07221: slspool: exec error, unable to start spooler program.
Cause: Exec failed when starting line printer spooler command. Likely that either
the default line printer command, or ORACLE_LPPROG, is incorrectly set.
Action: Verify default line printer command and ORACLE_LPPROG are set
correctly. Set ORACLE_LPPROG to working line printer spooler.
ORA-07222: slspool: line printer spooler command exited with an error.
Cause: The line printer spooler exited with a non-zero return value. This probably
indicates an error in spooling file.
Action: Verify that line printer spooler is up. Verify that ORACLE_LPPROG, and
ORACLE_LPARG are set properly. Check exit value returned as additional
informatin.
ORA-07223: slspool: fork error, unable to spawn spool process.
Cause: Fork system call failed to create additional process. Probable resource limit
reached.
Action: Check additional information returned. Retry operation. Contact system
administrator.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-43
ORA-07224: sfnfy: failed to obtain file size limit; errno = string.
Cause: The ulimit system call returned an error.
Action: Check errno and contact customer support.
ORA-07225: sldext: translation error, unable to expand file name.
Cause: Additional information returned is error returned from sltln.
Action: Check additional information.
ORA-07226: rtneco: unable to get terminal mode.
Cause: The ioctl call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information for errno. Contact customer support.
ORA-07227: rtneco: unable to set noecho mode.
Cause: The ioctl call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information for errno. Contact customer support.
ORA-07228: rtecho: unable to restore terminal to echo mode.
Cause: The ioctl call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information for errno. Contact customer support.
ORA-07229: slcpuc: error in getting number of CPUs.
Cause: error in mpcntl system call
Action: check errno and contact system administrator
ORA-07230: slemcr: fopen error, unable to open error file.
Cause: Fopen failed to open file.
Action: Try to determine which file was not opened. Check that file exists and is
accessible.
ORA-07231: slemcc: invalid file handle, seals do not match.
Cause: Function was called with an invalid argument. The file handle used was
not obtained be slemcr.
Action: Internal error. Contact customer support.
ORA-07232: slemcc: fclose error.
Cause: An error was encountered when closing the file. Possible OS error.
Action: Contact system administator.
ORA-07233: slemcw: invalid file handle, seals do not match.
Cause: Function was called with an invalid file handle. File handle was not
obtained by slemcr.
Action: Internal error. Contact customer support.
ORA-07234: slemcw: fseek error.
Cause: Unable to seek to desired position in file. Possible OS error. Possible
internal error.
Action: Verify that error message file is intact. Try to regenerate error message file.
Contact customer support.
ORA-07235: slemcw: fwrite error.
6-44 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: Unable to write item to file. Possible OS error. Possible permissions
problem.
Action: Retry operation.
ORA-07236: slemop: open error.
Cause: Unable to open error file. Possible permissions problem.
Action: Verify permission on error message file. Check additional information for
errno.
ORA-07237: slemcl: invalid file handle, seals do not match.
Cause: Function was called with an invalid file handle. Handle was not obtained
by previous call to slemop.
Action: Internal error.
ORA-07238: slemcl: close error.
Cause: Unable to close file. Possible OS error.
Action: Contact system administator. Check additional information for errno.
ORA-07239: slemrd: invalid file handle, seals do not match.
Cause: Function was called with invalid file handle. Handle was not obtained by
call to slemop.
Action: Internal error. Contact customer support.
ORA-07240: slemrd: seek error.
Cause: Unable to seek to desired position in file. Possible OS error.
Action: Check that error file is still intact. Verify space on device. Contact system
administrator. Check additional information for errno.
ORA-07241: slemrd: read error.
Cause: Unable to read file. Possible OS error.
Action: Verify that error file is intact. Regenerate error message file. Contact
customer support. Check additional information for errno.
ORA-07242: slembfn: translation error, unable to translate error file name.
Cause: Additional information indicates error returned from sltln.
Action: Check additional information.
ORA-07243: supplied buffer not big enough to hold entire line
Cause: supplied buffer was not big enough
Action: Internal error. Contact customer support. Additional information
indicates how big the supplied buffer was.
ORA-07244: ssfccf: create file failed, file size limit reached.
Cause: An attempt was made to create a file that exceeds the process's file size
limit.
Action: Run osh to raise the file size limit.
ORA-07245: sfccf: unable to lseek and write the last block.
Cause: An attempt was made to move and write to a bad device address.
Action: Check errno. Possible lack of space on device.
ORA-07246: sfofi: open error, unable to open database file.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-45
Cause: sfofi returns an error.
Action: This is an oracle internal error.
ORA-07247: skgfrfms, skgfrnms: read error, unable to read block from database file
Cause: The ioctl() system call returned an error doing VOL_READ_MIRRORS.
Action: Check errno.
ORA-07248: sfwfb: write error, unable to write database block.
Cause: sfwfb returns an error.
Action: This is an oracle internal error.
ORA-07249: slsget: open error, unable to open /proc/pid.
Cause: The open() system call returned an error.
Action: Check that /proc has the right permissions.
ORA-07250: spcre: semget error, unable to get first semaphore set.
Cause: An error occurred when trying to get first semaphore set.
Action: Check errno. Verify that system is configured to have semaphores. Verify
that enough semaphores are available. Additional information indicates how
many semaphores were requested.
ORA-07251: spcre: semget error, could not allocate any semaphores.
Cause: Semget failed to even allocate a single semaphore. Either they are all in use
or the system is not configured to have any semaphores.
Action: Check to see if all semaphores are in use. Check to see if system is
configured to have semaphores. Check errno.
ORA-07252: spcre: semget error, could not allocate semaphores.
Cause: Semget system call returned an error. Possible resource limit problem.
Action: Check errno. Verify that enough semaphores are available in system. If
additional errors occur in destroying the semaphore sets then sercose[0] will be
non-zero. If this occurs, remove the semaphore sets using ipcrm.
ORA-07253: spdes: semctl error, unable to destroy semaphore set.
Cause: Semctl system call returned an error.
Action: Check semaphore sets. May require manual cleanup. Check additional
information returned. Consult OS reference manual.
ORA-07254: spdcr: translation error while expanding ?/bin/oracle.
Cause: An error occurred while translating the name of the oracle executable.
Action: Check sercose[0] for error returned from sltln. Perhaps $(ORACLE_
HOME) is not set correctly.
ORA-07255: spini: cannot set up signal handler.
Cause: System failed to set up signal handler.
Action: Check errno and sercose[0] for the signal number that failed.
ORA-07256: sptrap: cannot set up signal handler to catch exceptions.
Cause: System failed to set up signal handler to catch exceptions.
Action: Check errno and sercose[0] for the signal number that failed.
ORA-07257: spdcr: translation error expanding program name.
6-46 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: Error ocurred when expanding program name ora_PNAME_@. The result
of this translation is put in argv[0] of oracle process.
Action: Check error returned by sltln returned in sercose[0].
ORA-07258: spdcr: fork error, unable to create process.
Cause: An error occurred when creating a new process.
Action: Check errno. Perhaps a system limit on the number of processes has been
exceeded.
ORA-07259: spdcr: exec error, detached process failed in startup.
Cause: An oracle detached process died shortly after startup. Wait() indicated that
a child process terminated.
Action: Check ?/dbs directory for trace or core files. Check errno.
ORA-07260: spdcr: wait error.
Cause: Wait system call returned an error.
Action: Check errno.
ORA-07261: spdde: kill error, unable to send signal to process.
Cause: Kill system call returned an error. Possibly an attempt to destroy an
already gone process.
Action: Check errno.
ORA-07262: sptpa: sptpa called with invalid process id.
Cause: This is an internal error.
Action: This is an oracle internal error.
ORA-07263: sptpa: kill error.
Cause: Kill system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check errno. Additional information indicates the process ID tested.
ORA-07264: spwat: semop error, unable to decrement semaphore.
Cause: Semop system call returned an error. Semaphore set may not exist.
Action: Check errno. Semaphore ID is returned in sercose[0]. Verify semaphore set
exists. A possible cause for this error is that a "shutdown abort" was done while
this process was running.
ORA-07265: sppst: semop error, unable to increment semaphore.
Cause: Semop system call returned an error. Semaphore set may not exist.
Action: Check errno. Semaphore ID is returned in sercose[0]. Check semaphore
set existence. A possible cause for this error is that a "shutdown abort" was done
while this process was running.
ORA-07266: sppst: invalid process number passed to sppst.
Cause: Function was passed an invalid oracle process id.
Action: Internal error.
ORA-07267: spwat: invalid process number.
Cause: Function was passed an invalid oracle process id.
Action: Internal error. Additional information indicates the invalid process id.
ORA-07268: szguns: getpwuid error.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-47
Cause: Getpwuid() could not find an entry in the passwd file for a user.
Action: Add an entry for the user in the passwd file.
ORA-07269: spdcr: detached process died after exec.
Cause: Detached process succesfully execed, but died shortly thereafter.
Additional information indicates exit code, and termination status.
Action: Check termination code for information as to why process exited. Check
for core dump or trace file.
ORA-07270: spalck: setitimer error, unable to set interval timer.
Cause: An error occurred while trying to set an interval timer. Probable porting
problem.
Action: Check errno.
ORA-07271: spwat: invalid oracle process number.
Cause: Function was called with an invalid oracle process number (0).
Action: Internal oracle error.
ORA-07272: spwat: invalid semaphore set id.
Cause: Semaphore ID fetched from SGA was not initialized to valid value.
Additional information returned is semaphore set index, and oracle process
number.
Action: Oracle internal error. Check semaphore set index. Check oracle process
number.
ORA-07273: sppst: invalid semaphore id.
Cause: Semaphore ID fetched from SGA contained an invalid value. Additional
information returned is semaphore set index, and oracle process number.
Action: Oracle internal error. Check semaphore set index. Check oracle process
number.
ORA-07274: spdcr: access error, access to oracle denied.
Cause: Unable to access "oracle" program. Verify ?/bin/oracle or $ORABCKPRG
exist, and are executable.
Action: Check errno returned.
ORA-07275: unable to send signal to process
Cause: The kill system call returned an error. Possibly an attempt to signal a
process which does not exist.
Action: Check errno.
ORA-07276: no dba group in /etc/group.
Cause: A group has not been set up for dba users.
Action: Contact system administrator. Set up dba group in /etc/group.
ORA-07277: spdde: illegal pid passed as argument.
Cause: A 0 pid was passed to spdde.
Action: Internal error. .
ORA-07278: splon: ops$username exceeds buffer length.
Cause: Splon constructed an ops$username logon which exceeded the alloted
buffer space.
6-48 Oracle Database Error Messages
Action: Use a shorter Unix username, or use an oracle username. Contact
customer support.
ORA-07279: spcre: semget error, unable to get first semaphore set.
Cause: An error occurred when trying to get first semaphore set.
Action: Check errno. Verify that system is configured to have semaphores. Verify
that enough semaphores are available. Additional information indicates how
many semaphores were requested.
ORA-07280: slsget: unable to get process information.
Cause: The ioctl call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information for errno. Contact customer support.
ORA-07281: slsget: times error, unable to get cpu time.
Cause: times system call returned an error. Possible OS error.
Action: Check additional information returned. Contact customer support.
ORA-07282: sksaprd: string overflow.
Cause: The internal buffer is not big enough to hold the archive control string.
Action: Internal restriction. Try a shorter archive control string.
ORA-07283: sksaprd: invalid volume size for archive destination.
Cause: An invalid volume size was specified.
Action: Specify a valid volume size in archive control string.
ORA-07284: sksaprd: volume size specification not terminated properly.
Cause: Some non-numeric text follows the volume size specification.
Action: Enter a correct archive control string.
ORA-07285: sksaprd: volume size should not be specified for a disk file.
Cause: Volume size was specified for a disk file.
Action: If you are archiving to a disk file, do not specify its volume size.
ORA-07286: sksagdi: cannot obtain device information.
Cause: Stat on the log archiving device failed.
Action: Check the returned OSD error for the reason of failure.
ORA-07287: sksagdi: unsupported device for log archiving.
Cause: Log archiving to this device is unsupported.
Action: Try log archiving to a supported device.
ORA-07290: sksagdi: specified directory for archiving does not exist.
Cause: The specified pathname is not a directory.
Action: Verify that the archive destination directory exists.
ORA-07303: ksmcsg: illegal database buffer size.
Cause: The database buffer size must be a multiple of the database block size, and
less than the maximum block size.
Action: Verify that the db_block_size parameter is correct in INIT.ORA.
ORA-07304: ksmcsg: illegal redo buffer size.
Cause: The redo buffer size must be a multiple of machine block size.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-49
Action: Verify that the log_buffer INIT.ORA parameter is correctly set.
ORA-07305: ksmcsg: illegal database buffer size.
Cause: The database buffer size must be a multiple of the extended cache
mapping size for indirect data buffers to be used.
Action: Verify that the db_block_size parameter is correct in INIT.ORA, or disable
the use_indirect_data_buffers parameter.
ORA-07324: smpall: malloc error while allocating pga.
Cause: Malloc library routine returned an error.
Action: Check errno. Possibly out of swap space.
ORA-07327: smpdal: attempt to destroy pga when it was not mapped.
Cause: Smpdal was called when the PGA had not been previously created.
Action: Internal error.
ORA-07339: spcre: maximum number of semaphore sets exceeded.
Cause: The internal buffer is not big enough to hold the number of semaphore set
identifiers requested.
Action: Reconfigure OS to have more semaphores per set.
ORA-07345: The datafile name must not contain the string '..'.
Cause: The specified datafile name contains '..'.
Action: Correct the datafile name and retry the operation.
ORA-07346: slnrm: normalized file name is too long
Cause: After normalizing the specified file name, the resulting file name was too
long.
Action: Specify the shorter file name and retry the operation.
ORA-07390: sftopn: translate error, unable to translate file name.
Cause: An error occurred while expanding the file name to open. Additional
information returns error generated in translation routine.
Action: Lookup additional error code for further information.
ORA-07391: sftopn: fopen error, unable to open text file.
Cause: Fopen library routine returned an error.
Action: Verify existence and permissions.
ORA-07392: sftcls: fclose error, unable to close text file.
Cause: Fclose library routine returned an error.
Action: Possible internal oracle error.
ORA-07393: unable to delete text file
Cause: An error occurred while deleting a text file.
Action: Verify that the file exists and check additional errors.
ORA-07394: unable to append string to text file
Cause: An error occurred while performing a string put operation.
Action: This is an internal error. Check additional information.
ORA-07400: slemtr: translated name for the message file is too long.
6-50 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: The name for the message file overflows internal buffer.
Action: Try making the complete path-name of the message file shorter by
reorganizing the directory hierarchy.
ORA-07401: sptrap: cannot restore user exception handlers.
Cause: The system failed to restore user exception handlers.
Action: Check errno and sercose[0] for the signal number that failed.
ORA-07402: sprst: cannot restore user signal handler.
Cause: The system failed to restore user signal handlers.
Action: Check errno and sercose[0] for the signal number that failed.
ORA-07403: sfanfy: db_writers parameter not valid.
Cause: The db_writers parameter in INIT.ORA exceeds the system-dependent
maximum or is less than 0.
Action: Change the db_writers parameter in INIT.ORA.
ORA-07404: sfareq: Timeout occurred waiting for request to complete.
Cause: The master database writer timed out waiting for a write or close to
complete. One of the database writers may have stopped running.
Action: Check all database writer trace files. Shut down the database and try to
warm start.
ORA-07405: sptrap: cannot setup alternate signal stack.
Cause: The system failed to setup an alternate signal stack.
Action: Check errno and sercose[0] for the location where it failed.
ORA-07406: slbtpd: invalid number.
Cause: An impossible request for binary to decimal conversion was made.
Action: This conversion cannot be performed.
ORA-07407: slbtpd: invalid exponent.
Cause: An impossible request for binary to decimal conversion was made
Action: This conversion cannot be performed.
ORA-07408: slbtpd: overflow while converting to packed decimal.
Cause: An impossible request for binary to decimal conversion was made.
Action: This conversion cannot be performed.
ORA-07409: slpdtb: invalid packed decimal nibble.
Cause: An impossible request for decimal to binary conversion was made.
Action: This conversion cannot be performed.
ORA-07410: slpdtb: number too large for supplied buffer.
Cause: An impossible request for decimal to binary conversion was made.
Action: This conversion cannot be performed.
ORA-07411: slgfn: full path name too big for supplied buffer.
Cause: The supplied buffer is not big enough to hold the full path name.
Action: The construction of the full path name cannot be performed.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-51
ORA-07412: sfaslv: Error getting entry in asynchronous write array.
Cause: One of the database writer processes could not locate its entry in the SGA.
Action: Contact customer support.
ORA-07415: slpath: allocation of memory buffer failed.
Cause: Malloc() failed to allocate buffer for storing ORACLE_PATH.
Action: System has run out of heap space. Additional information indicates errno.
ORA-07416: slpath: pathname construction failed; lack of output buffer space.
Cause: The slpath routine is given a maximum length buffer to expand the name
into. An overflow of this buffer occurred.
Action: Possible internal error. Check output buffer length stored in sercose[0]
and constructed pathname length in sercose[1].
ORA-07417: sfareq: One or more database writers not active.
Cause: One or more of the database writer processes is no longer running.
Action: Check the trace files for the database writers. Shut down the database and
try to warm start.
ORA-07418: sfareq: Database writer got error in timing function.
Cause: An error occurred when the database writer called the system timing
function.
Action: Check the database writer trace file. Shut down database and try to warm
start.
ORA-07419: sfareq: Database writer got error in timing function.
Cause: An error occurred when the database writer called the system timing
function.
Action: Check the database writer trace file. Shut down database and try to warm
start.
ORA-07425: sdpri: error string in translating dump file location.
Cause: An oracle error occurred when translating the location of the dump file.
Action: Check the oracle error code.
ORA-07426: spstp: cannot obtain the location of dbs directory.
Cause: An oracle error occurred when translating the location of the dbs directory.
Action: Check additional information for the error returned from sltln.
ORA-07427: spstp: cannot change directory to dbs.
Cause: Chdir system call returned an error. Possible permission problems.
Action: Check additional information for the OS error code.
ORA-07431: fork failed
Cause: The server process was unable to fork a child process.
Action: Verify that there are enough system resources to support another process.
The user or system process limit may have been exceeded, or the amount of free
memory or swap space may be temporarily insufficient.
ORA-07432: unable to perform nested sleep
Cause: An attempt was made to make a process sleep when it was already
sleeping. This platform does not support this capability.
6-52 Oracle Database Error Messages
Action: Try the SLEEP command when the process is not sleeping.
ORA-07440: WMON process terminated with error
Cause: The wakeup monitor process died.
Action: Warm start instance.
ORA-07441: function address must be aligned on string byte boundary
Cause: An improperly aligned function address was specified.
Action: Use a properly aligned function address.
ORA-07442: function address must be in the range string to string
Cause: An invalid function address was specified.
Action: Use a valid function address.
ORA-07443: function string not found
Cause: An invalid function name was specified.
Action: Use a valid function name.
ORA-07444: function address string is not readable
Cause: An invalid function name/address was specified.
Action: Use a valid function name/address.
ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [string] [string] [string] [string]
[string] [string]
Cause: An operating system exception occurred which should result in the
creation of a core file. This is an internal error.
Action: Visit My Oracle Support to access the ORA-07445 Lookup tool (reference
Note 7445.1) for more information regarding the specific ORA-07445 error
encountered. An Incident has been created for this error in the Automatic
Diagnostic Repository (ADR). When logging a service request, use the Incident
Packaging Service (IPS) from the Support Workbench or the ADR Command
Interpreter (ADRCI) to automatically package the relevant trace information
(reference My Oracle Support Note 411.1). The following information should also
be gathered to help determine the root cause:
- changes leading up to the error
- events or unusual circumstances leading up to the error
- operations attempted prior to the error
- conditions of the operating system and databases at the time of the error Note:
The cause of this message may manifest itself as different errors at different times.
Be aware of the history of errors that occurred before this internal error.
ORA-07446: sdnfy: bad value 'string' for parameter string.
Cause: The directory specified as the value for the stated parameter could not be
used.
Action: Make sure the directory you have specified is a valid directory/file
specification.
ORA-07447: ssarena: usinit failed.
Cause: Oracle failed to create a shared arena file.
Action: Use sercerrno field to determine cause of failure.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-53
ORA-07448: ssarena: maximum number of shared arenas exceeded.
Cause: Oracle attempted to create more shared arena files than permitted.
Action: Raise the value for max_arena in INIT.ORA.
ORA-07449: sc: usnewlock failed.
Cause: Oracle failed to acquire a shared arena lock.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno to determine the cause of failure.
ORA-07451: slskstat: unable to obtain load information.
Cause: kstat library returned an error. Possible OS failure
Action: Check result code in sercose[0] for more information.
ORA-07452: specified resource manager plan does not exist in the data dictionary
Cause: User tried to load a resource manager plan that does not exist.
Action: Use a resource manager plan that exists in the data dictionary.
ORA-07453: requested resource manager plan schema does not contain OTHER_
GROUPS
Cause: User tried to load a resource manager plan schema that does not contain
the OTHER_GROUPS group.
Action: Use a resource manager plan schema that contains the OTHER_GROUPS
group.
ORA-07454: queue timeout, string second(s), exceeded
Cause: User session queued for longer than maximum specified queue queue
duration time for consumer group.
Action: Re-submit job at a later time or increase queue timeout.
ORA-07455: estimated execution time (string secs), exceeds limit (string secs)
Cause: User attempted to execute an operation whose estimated execution time
exceeds the limit specified for the consumer group.
Action: Execute job on behalf of another group, or increase limit.
ORA-07456: cannot set RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN when database is closed
Cause: An attempt was made to turn on the Resource Manager when the database
was closed.
Action: Open the database and try again.
ORA-07457: cannot set _INTERNAL_RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN because of
FORCE
Cause: An attempt was made to set the _INTERNAL_RESOURCE_MANAGER_
PLAN parameter, however this failed because the current RESOURCE_
MANAGER_PLAN has the FORCE prefix.
Action: Remove the FORCE prefix from the RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN
parameter.
ORA-07458: cannot set the RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN parameter
Cause: An attempt was made to set the RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN
parameter, however, this failed because the database was quiesced.
Action: Unquiesce the database.
ORA-07459: cannot restore the RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN parameter
6-54 Oracle Database Error Messages
Cause: An attempt was made to internally restore the RESOURCE_MANAGER_
PLAN parameter to the value before it was internally set. This failed because the
current plan was set by the user and therefore did not need to be restored.
Action: No action needed.
ORA-07460: cannot set the RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN parameter
Cause: An attempt was made to internally set the RESOURCE_MANAGER_
PLAN parameter, however, this failed because the current RESOURCE_
MANAGER_PLAN has the FORCE prefix.
Action: Remove the FORCE prefix from the RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN
parameter.
ORA-07468: spwat: mset error, unable to set semaphore.
Cause: The mset routine returned an error. Semaphore may not exist.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Semaphore number returned in sercose[0].
ORA-07469: sppst: mclear error, unable to clear semaphore.
Cause: The mclear routine returned an error. Semaphore may not exist.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Semaphore number returned in sercose[0].
ORA-07470: snclget: cannot get cluster number.
Cause: The cluster_status system call failed to get status information for the
current cluster.
Action: Check result code in sercose[0]. Possible operating system failure.
ORA-07471: snclrd: name translation error of sgadef.dbf file name.
Cause: Unable to expand out ?/dbs/sgadef@.dbf file name.
Action: Verify $(ORACLE_HOME) and $(ORACLE_SID) are properly set. Check
error number returned from sltln in sercose[0].
ORA-07472: snclrd: open error when opening sgadef.dbf file.
Cause: open failed when opening the file ?/dbs/sgadef@.dbf
Action: Check errno. Possible permission problem. Verify that the file
?/dbs/sgadef@.dbf exists.
ORA-07473: snclrd: read error when trying to read sgadef.dbf file.
Cause: Read had an error when reading sgadef.dbf file.
Action: Check errno. Verify file exists, and is correct size.
ORA-07474: snclrd: close error, unable to close sgadef.dbf file.
Cause: An error occurred in close, while closing the file "?/dbs/sgadef@.dbf"
Action: Check errno. Possible operating system error.
ORA-07475: slsget: cannot get vm statistics.
Cause: The vm_statistics system call failed to get virtual memory statistics.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible operating system failure.
ORA-07476: slsget: cannot get mapped memory statistics.
Cause: The vm_mapmem system call failed to get mapped memory statistics.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible operating system failure.
ORA-07477: scgcmn: lock manager not initialized.
ORA-04930 to ORA-07499 6-55
Cause: Lock manager must be initialized before converting locks.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07478: scgcmn: cannot get lock status.
Cause: lm_stat_lock failed.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07479: scgcmn: cannot open or convert lock.
Cause: lm_open or lm_open_convert failed.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07480: snchmod: cannot change permissions on ?/dbs/sgalm.dbf.
Cause: When creating an instance, snlmini could not change the permissions on
?/dbs/sgalm.dbf
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
ORA-07481: snlmatt: cannot attach to lock manager instance.
Cause: lm_attach failed to attach to lock manager instance.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07482: snlmini: cannot create lock manager instance.
Cause: lm_create failed to create lock manager instance.
Action: Check permissions on ?/dbs, and remove ?/dbs/sgalm.dbf if it exists,
then retry.
ORA-07483: snlkget: cannot convert(get) lock.
Cause: lm_convert failed to convert(get) lock.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07484: snlkput: cannot convert(put) lock.
Cause: lm_convert failed to put lock value.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07485: scg_get_inst: cannot open instance number lock.
Cause: lm_open failed.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07486: scg_get_inst: cannot convert(get) instance number lock.
Cause: lm_convert failed to get lock value.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07487: scg_init_lm: cannot create lock manager instance.
Cause: lm_create failed.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07488: scgrcl: lock manager not initialized.
Cause: Lock manager must be initialized before releasing locks.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07489: scgrcl: cannot get lock status.
Cause: lm_stat_lock failed during lock release/cancel.
6-56 Oracle Database Error Messages
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07490: scgrcl: cannot convert lock.
Cause: lm_convert failed during lock release/cancel.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07491: scgrcl: cannot cancel lock request.
Cause: lm_cancel failed during lock release/cancel.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07492: scgrcl: cannot close lock.
Cause: lm_close failed during lock release/cancel.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07493: scgrcl: lock manager error.
Cause: An error was encountered releasing the lock.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07494: scgcm: unexpected error.
Cause: Unknown or unexpected error code.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07495: spwat: lm_wait failed.
Cause: lm_wait failed.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07496: sppst: lm_post failed.
Cause: lm_post failed.
Action: Check result code in sercerrno. Possible lock manager failure.
ORA-07497: sdpri: cannot create trace file 'string'; errno = string.
Cause: 1. The trace file could not be created for writing.
2. The trace file is a symbolic link.
Action: 1. Check if the dump directory exists and whether it is writable.
2. Remove the symbolic link.
ORA-07498: spstp: Unable to open /dev/resched.
Cause: The rescheduling driver /dev/resched is not found or is not working
properly.
Action: Check installation of the ORACLE rescheduling driver in the AIX kernel.
ORA-07499: spglk: Cannot reschedule.
Cause: The rescheduling driver /dev/resched is not open. This is an internal
error and should not occur.
Action: Contact your customer support representative.
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集合了 所有的 Unix命令大全 登陆服务器时输入 公帐号 openlab-open123 telnet 192.168.0.23 自己帐号 sd08077-you0 ftp工具 192.168.0.202 tools-toolss 老师测评网址 http://172.16.0.198:8080/poll/ 各个 shell 可互相切换 ksh:$ sh:$ csh:guangzhou% bash:bash-3.00$ 一、注意事项 命令和参数之间必需用空格隔开,参数和参数之间也必需用空格隔开。 一行不能超过256个字符;大小写有区分。 二、特殊字符含义 文件名以“.”开头的都是隐藏文件/目录,只需在文件/目录名前加“.”就可隐藏它。 ~/ 表示主目录。 ./ 当前目录(一个点)。 ../ 上一级目录(两个点)。 ; 多个命令一起用。 > >> 输出重定向 。将一个命令的输出内容写入到一个文件里面。如果该文件存在, 就将该文件的内容覆盖; 如果不存在就先创建该文件, 然后再写入内容。 输出重定向,意思就是说,将原来屏幕输出变为文件输出,即将内容输到文件中。 < << 输入重定向。 本来命令是通过键盘得到输入的,但是用小于号,就能够使命令从文件中得到输入。 \ 表示未写完,回车换行再继续。 * 匹配零个或者多个字符。 ? 匹配一个字符。 [] 匹配中括号里的内容[a-z][A-Z][0-9]。 ! 事件。 $ 取环境变量的值。 | 管道。把前一命令的输出作为后一命令的输入,把几个命令连接起来。 |经常跟tee连用,tee 把内容保存到文档并显示出来。 三、通用后接命令符 -a 所有(all)。 -e 所有(every),比a更详细。 -f 取消保护。 -i 添加提示。 -p 强制执行。 -r 目录管理。 分屏显示的中途操作 空格<space> 继续打开下一屏; 回车<return> 继续打开下一行; b 另外开上一屏; f 另外开下一屏; h 帮助; q或Ctrl+C 退出; /字符串 从上往下查找匹配的字符串; ?字符串 从下往上查找匹配的字符串; n 继续查找。 四、退出命令 exit 退出; DOS内部命令 用于退出当前的命令处理器(COMMAND.COM) 恢复前一个命令处理器。 Ctrl+d 跟exit一样效果,表中止本次操作。 logout 当csh时可用来退出,其他shell不可用。 clear 清屏,清除(之前的内容并未删除,只是没看到,拉回上面可以看回)。 五、目录管理命令 pwd 显示当前所在目录,打印当前目录的绝对路径。 cd 进入某目录,DOS内部命令 显示或改变当前目录。 cd回车/cd ~ 都是回到自己的主目录。 cd . 当前目录(空格再加一个点)。 cd .. 回到上一级目录(空格再加两个点)。 cd ../.. 向上两级。 cd /user/s0807 从绝对路径去到某目录。 cd ~/s0807 直接进入主目录下的某目录(“cd ~"相当于主目录的路径的简写)。 ls 显示当前目录的所有目录和文件。 用法 ls [-aAbcCdeEfFghHilLmnopqrRstux1@] [file...] ls /etc/ 显示某目录下的所有文件和目录,如etc目录下的。 ls -l (list)列表显示文件(默认按文件名排序), 显示文件的权限、硬链接数(即包含文件数,普通文件是1,目录1+)、用户、组名、大小、修改日期、文件名。 ls -t (time)按修改时间排序,显示目录和文件。 ls -lt 是“-l”和“-t”的组合,按时间顺序显示列表。 ls -F 显示文件类型,目录“/ ”结尾;可执行文件“*”结尾;文本文件(none),没有结尾。 ls -R 递归显示目录结构。即该目录下的文件和各个副目录下的文件都一一显示。 ls -a 显示所有文件,包括隐藏文件。 文件权限 r 读权限。对普通文件来说,是读取该文件的权限;对目录来说,是获得该目录下的文件信息。 w 写权限。对文件,是修改;对目录,是增删文件与子目录。 (注 删除没有写权限的文件可以用 rm -f ,这是为了操作方便,是人性化的设计)。 x 执行权限;对目录,是进入该目录 - 表示没有权限 形式 - rw- r-- r-- 其中 第一个是文件类型(-表普通文件,d表目录,l表软链接文件) 第2~4个是属主,生成文件时登录的人,权限最高,用u表示 第5~7个是属组,系统管理员分配的同组的一个或几个人,用g表示 第8~10个是其他人,除属组外的人,用o表示 所有人,包括属主、属组及其他人,用a表示 chmod 更改权限; 用法 chmod [-fR] <绝对模式> 文件 ... chmod [-fR] <符号模式列表> 文件 ... 其中 <符号模式列表> 是一个用逗号分隔的表 [ugoa]{+|-|=}[rwxXlstugo] chmod u+rw 给用户加权限。同理,u-rw也可以减权限。 chmod u=rw 给用户赋权限。与加权限不一样,赋权限有覆盖的效果。 主要形式有如下几种 chmod u+rw chmod u=rw chmod u+r, u+w chmod u+rw,g+w, o+r chmod 777( 用数字的方式设置权限是最常用的) 数字表示权限时,各数位分别表示属主、属组及其他人; 其中,1是执行权(Execute),2是写权限(Write),4是读权限(Read), 具体权限相当于三种权限的数相加,如7=1+2+4,即拥有读写和执行权。 另外,临时文件/目录的权限为rwt,可写却不可删,关机后自动删除;建临时目录:chmod 777 目录名,再chmod +t 目录名。 id 显示用户有效的uid(用户字)和gid(组名) 用法 id [-ap] [user] id 显示自己的。 id root 显示root的。 id -a root 显示用户所在组的所有组名(如root用户,是所有组的组员) df 查看文件系统,查看数据区 用法 df [-F FSType] [-abeghklntVvZ] [-o FSType 特定选项] [目录 | 块设备 | 资源] df -k 以kbytes显示文件大小的查看文件系统方式 六、显示文件内容 more 分屏显示文件的内容。 用法 more [-cdflrsuw] [-行] [+行号] [+/模式] [文件名 ...]。 显示7个信息:用户名 密码 用户id(uid) 组id(gid) 描述信息(一般为空) 用户主目录 login shell(登录shell) cat 显示文件内容,不分屏(一般用在小文件,大文件显示不下);合并文件,仅在屏幕上合并,并不改变原文件。 用法 cat [ -usvtebn ] [-|文件] ... tail 实时监控文件,一般用在日志文件,可以只看其中的几行。 用法 tail [+/-[n][lbc][f]] [文件] tail [+/-[n][l][r|f]] [文件] 七、文件/目录的增删 echo 显示一行内容。 touch 如果文件/目录不存在,则创建新文件/目录;如果文件存在,那么就是更新该文件的最后访问时间, 用法 touch [-acm] [-r ref_file] 文件... touch [-acm] [MMDDhhmm[yy]] 文件... touch [-acm] [-t [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.SS]] file... mkdir 创建目录(必须有创建目录的权限) 用法 mkdir [-m 模式] [-p] dirname ... mkdir dir1/dir2 在dir1下建dir2 mkdir dir13 dir4 dir5 连建多个 mkdir ~/games 用户主目录下建(默认在当前目录下创建) mkdir -p dir6/dir7/dir8 强制创建dir8;若没有前面的目录,会自动创建dir6和dir7。 不用-p时,若没有dir6/dir7,则创建失败。 cp 复制文件/目录 cp 源文件 目标文件 复制文件;若已有文件则覆盖 cp -r 源目录 目标目录 复制目录;若已有目录则把源目录复制到目标目录下, 没有目标目录时,相当于完全复制源目录,只是文件名不同。 cp beans apple dir2 把beans、apple文件复制到dir2目录下 cp -i beans apple 增加是否覆盖的提示 mv 移动或重命名文件/目录 用法 mv [-f] [-i] f1 f2 mv [-f] [-i] f1 ... fn d1 mv [-f] [-i] d1 d2 mv 源文件名 目标文件名 若目标文件名还没有,则是源文件重命名为目标文件;若目标文件已存在,则源文件覆盖目标文件。 mv 源文件名 目标目录 移动文件 mv 源目录 目标目录 若目标目录不存在,则源目录重命名;若目标目录已存在,则源目录移动到目标目录下。 rm 删除文件/目录 用法 rm [-fiRr] 文件 ... rm 文件名 删除文件。 rm -r 目录名 删除目录。 rm –f 文件 只要是该文件或者目录的拥有者,无论是否有权限删除,都可以用这个命令参数强行删除。 rm -rf * 删除所有文件及目录 rmdir 删除空目录。只可以删除空目录。 ln 创建硬链接或软链接,硬链接=同一文件的多个名字;软链接=快捷方式 用法 ln [-f] [-n] [-s] f1 [f2] ln [-f] [-n] [-s] f1 ... fn d1 ln [-f] [-n] -s d1 d2 ln file1 file1.ln 创建硬链接。感觉是同一文件,删除一个,对另一个没有影响;须两个都删除才算删除。 ln -s file1 file1.sln 创建软链接。可跨系统操作,冲破操作权限;也是快捷方式。 八、时间显示 date 显示时间,精确到秒 用法 date [-u] mmddHHMM[[cc]yy][.SS] date [-u] [+format] date -a [-]sss[.fff] cal 显示日历 cal 9 2008 显示2008年9月的日历; cal 显示当月的 用法 cal [ [月] 年 ] 九、帮助 man 帮助( format and display the on-line manual pages) 用法 man [-] [-adFlrt] [-M 路径] [-T 宏软件包] [-s 段] 名称 ... man [-] [-adFlrt] [-M path] [-T macro-package] [-s section] name... man [-M 路径] -k 关键字 ... man [-M 路径] -f 文件 ... awk 按一定格式输出(pattern scanning and processing language) 用法 awk [-Fc] [-f 源代码 | 'cmds'] [文件] 十、vi 底行模式 /? 命令模式 i a o 输入模式 vi 的使用方法 1、光标 h 左 j 下 k 上 l 右 set nu 显示行号(set nonu) 21 光标停在指定行 21G 第N行 (G到文件尾,1G到文件头) 如果要将光标移动到文件第一行,那么就按 1G H 屏幕头 M 屏幕中间 L 屏幕底 ^ 或 shift+6 行首 $ 或 shift+4 行尾 Ctrl+f 下翻 Ctrl+b 上翻 2、输入 (输入模式) o 光标往下换一行 O (大写字母o)在光标所在行上插入一空行 i 在光标所在位置的前面插入字母 a 在光标所在位置的后面插入一个新字母 <Esc> 退出插入状态。 3、修改替换 r 替换一个字符 dd 删除行,剪切行 (5dd删除5行) 5,10d 删除 5 至 10 行(包括第 5行和第 10 行) x 删除一个字符 dw 删除词,剪切词。 ( 3dw删除 3 单词) cw 替换一个单词。 (cw 和 dw 的区别 cw 删除某一个单词后直接进入编辑模式,而dw删除词后仍处于命令模式) cc 替换一行 C 替换从光标到行尾 yy 复制行 (用法同下的 Y ,见下行) Y 将光标移动到要复制行位置,按yy。当你想粘贴的时候,请将光标移动到你想复制的位置的前一个位置,然后按 p yw 复制词 p 当前行下粘贴 1,2co3 复制行1,2在行3之后 4,5m6 移动行4,5在行6之后 u 当你的前一个命令操作是一个误操作的时候,那么可以按一下 u键,即可复原。只能撤销一次 r file2 在光标所在处插入另一个文件 ~ 将字母变成大写 J 可以将当前行与下一行连接起来 /字符串 从上往下找匹配的字符串 ?字符串 从下往上找匹配的字符串 n 继续查找 1,$s/旧串/新串/g 替换全文(或者 %s/旧串/新串/g) (1表示从第一行开始) 没有g则只替换一次,加g替换所有 3、存盘和退出 w 存盘 w newfile 存成新文件 wq 存盘再退出VI(或者ZZ或 X) q! 强行退出不存盘 查看用户 users 显示在线用户(仅显示用户名)。 who 显示在线用户,但比users更详细,包括用户名、终端号、登录时间、IP地址。 who am i 仅显示自己,(但包括用户名、端口、登录时间、IP地址;信息量=who)。 whoami 也仅显示自己,但只有用户名(仅显示自己的有效的用户名)。 w 显示比who更多内容,还包括闲置时间、占CPU、平均占用CPU、执行命令。 用法 w [ -hlsuw ] [ 用户 ] su 改变用户,需再输入密码。 用法 su [-] [ username [ arg ... ] ] su - 相当于退出再重新登录。 查找 find 查找文件 用法 find [-H | -L] 路径列表 谓词列表 find / -name perl 从根目录开始查找名为perl的文件。 find . -mtime 10 -print 从当前目录查找距离现在10天时修改的文件,显示在屏幕上。 (注 “10”表示第10天的时候;如果是“+10”表示10天以外的范围;“-10”表示10天以内的范围。) grep 文件中查找字符;有过滤功能,只列出想要的内容 用法 grep -hblcnsviw 模式 文件 . . . 如 grep abc /etc/passwd 在passwd文件下找abc字符 wc 统计 -l 统计行数; -w统计单词数; -c 统计字符数 如 grep wang /etc/passwd|wc -l 统计passwd文件含“wang”的行数 du 查看目录情况 如 du -sk * 不加-s会显示子目录,-k按千字节排序 用法 du [-a] [-d] [-h|-k] [-r] [-o|-s] [-H|-L] [文件...] 进程管理 ps 显示进程。 用法 ps [ -aAdeflcjLPyZ ] [ -o 格式 ] [ -t 项列表 ] [ -u 用户列表 ] [ -U 用户列表 ] [ -G 组列表 ] [ -p 进程列表 ] [ -g 程序组列表 ] [ -s 标识符列表 ] [ -z 区域列表 ] ps 显示自己的进程。 ps -e 显示每个进程,包括空闲进程。 ps -f 显示详情。 ps -ef 组合-e和-f,所有进程的详情。 ps -U uidlist(用户列表) 具体查看某人的进程。 kill pkill sleep jobs 用法 jobs [-l ] fg %n bg %n stop %n 挂起(仅csh能用) Ctrl+C Ctrl+Z 网络链接 ping usage ping host [timeout] usage ping -s [-l | U] [adLnRrv] [-A addr_family] [-c traffic_class] [-g gateway [-g gateway ...]] [-F flow_label] [-I interval] [-i interface] [-P tos] [-p port] [-t ttl] host [data_size] [npackets] ifconfig -a /sbin/ifconfig 查看本机的IP地址 netstat -rn rlogin ftp 帮助文件 [sd0807@localhost ~]$ help GNU bash, version 3.1.17(1)-release (i686-redhat-linux-gnu) These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list. Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'. Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. JOB_SPEC [&] (( expression )) . filename [arguments] [ arg... ] [[ expression ]] alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] bg [job_spec ...] bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f fi break [n] builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]] caller [EXPR] case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]. cd [-L|-P] [dir] command [-pVv] command [arg ...] compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o continue [n] declare [-afFirtx] [-p] [name[=val dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N] disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...] echo [-neE] [arg ...] enable [-pnds] [-a] [-f filename] eval [arg ...] exec [-cl] [-a name] file [redirec exit [n] export [-nf] [name[=value] ...] or false fc [-e ename] [-nlr] [first] [last fg [job_spec] for NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMA for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COM function NAME { COMMANDS ; } or NA getopts optstring name [arg] hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [na help [-s] [pattern ...] history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hi if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or job kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -si let arg [arg ...] local name[=value] ... logout popd [+N | -N] [-n] printf [-v var] format [arguments] pushd [dir | +N | -N] [-n] pwd [-LP] read [-ers] [-u fd] [-t timeout] [ readonly [-af] [name[=value] ...] return [n] select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do CO set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option] [arg ...] shift [n] shopt [-pqsu] [-o long-option] opt source filename [arguments] suspend [-f] test [expr] time [-p] PIPELINE times trap [-lp] [arg signal_spec ...] true type [-afptP] name [name ...] typeset [-afFirtx] [-p] name[=valu ulimit [-SHacdfilmnpqstuvx] [limit umask [-p] [-S] [mode] unalias [-a] name [name ...] unset [-f] [-v] [name ...] until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done variables - Some variable names an wait [n] while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done { COMMANDS ; } 输入 man help BASH_BUILTINS(1) BASH_BUILTINS(1) NAME bash, :, ., [, alias, bg, bind, break, builtin, cd, command, compgen, complete, continue, declare, dirs, disown, echo, enable, eval, exec, exit, export, fc, fg, getopts, hash, help, history, jobs, kill, let, local, logout, popd, printf, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, return, set, shift, shopt, source, suspend, test, times, trap, type, typeset, ulimit, umask, una- lias, unset, wait - bash built-in commands, see bash(1) BASH BUILTIN COMMANDS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by - accepts -- to signify the end of the options. For example, the :, true, false, and test builtins do not accept options. : [arguments] No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding arguments and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. . filename [arguments] source filename [arguments] Read and execute commands from filename in the current shell environment and return the exit status of the last command executed from filename. If filename does not contain a slash, file names in PATH are used to find the directory containing file- name. The file searched for in PATH need not be executable. When bash is not in posix mode, the current directory is searched if no file is found in PATH. If the sourcepath option to the shopt builtin command is turned off, the PATH is not searched. If any arguments are supplied, they become the positional parameters when filename is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if filename is not found or cannot be read. alias [-p] [name[=value] ...] Alias with no arguments or with the -p option prints the list of aliases in the form alias name=value on standard output. When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each name whose value is given. A trailing space in value causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. For each name in the argument list for which no value is supplied, the name and value of the alias is printed. Alias returns true unless a name is given for which no alias has been defined. bg [jobspec ...] Resume each suspended job jobspec in the background, as if it had been started with &. If jobspec is not present, the shell’s notion of the current job is used. bg jobspec returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with job con- trol enabled, any specified jobspec was not found or was started without job control. bind [-m keymap] [-lpsvPSV] bind [-m keymap] [-q function] [-u function] [-r keyseq] bind [-m keymap] -f filename bind [-m keymap] -x keyseq:shell-command bind [-m keymap] keyseq:function-name bind readline-command Display current readline key and function bindings, bind a key sequence to a readline function or macro, or set a readline variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in .inputrc, but each binding or command must be passed as a sepa- rate argument; e.g., ’"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file’. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: -m keymap Use keymap as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Accept- able keymap names are emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command, and vi-insert. vi is equivalent to vi-command; emacs is equivalent to emacs-standard. -l List the names of all readline functions. -p Display readline function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. -P List current readline function names and bindings. -v Display readline variable names and values in such a way that they can be re- read. -V List current readline variable names and values. -s Display readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output in such a way that they can be re-read. -S Display readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. -f filename Read key bindings from filename. -q function Query about which keys invoke the named function. -u function Unbind all keys bound to the named function. -r keyseq Remove any current binding for keyseq. -x keyseq:shell-command Cause shell-command to be executed whenever keyseq is entered. The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. break [n] Exit from within a for, while, until, or select loop. If n is specified, break n levels. n must be ≥ 1. If n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when break is executed. builtin shell-builtin [arguments] Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it arguments, and return its exit sta- tus. This is useful when defining a function whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the functionality of the builtin within the function. The cd builtin is commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if shell-builtin is not a shell builtin command. cd [-L|-P] [dir] Change the current directory to dir. The variable HOME is the default dir. The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing dir. Alterna- tive directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in CDPATH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ‘‘.’’. If dir begins with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used. The -P option says to use the physical directory structure instead of following symbolic links (see also the -P option to the set builtin command); the -L option forces symbolic links to be followed. An argument of - is equivalent to $OLDPWD. If a non-empty directory name from CDPATH is used, or if - is the first argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute path- name of the new working directory is written to the standard output. The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise. caller [expr] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or a script exe- cuted with the . or source builtins. Without expr, caller displays the line number and source filename of the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is supplied as expr, caller displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine call or expr does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. command [-pVv] command [arg ...] Run command with args suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin com- mands or commands found in the PATH are executed. If the -p option is given, the search for command is performed using a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If either the -V or -v option is supplied, a description of command is printed. The -v option causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to invoke command to be displayed; the -V option produces a more verbose description. If the -V or -v option is supplied, the exit status is 0 if command was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or command cannot be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit status of the command builtin is the exit status of command. compgen [option] [word] Generate possible completion matches for word according to the options, which may be any option accepted by the complete builtin with the exception of -p and -r, and write the matches to the standard output. When using the -F or -C options, the vari- ous shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. The matches will be generated in the same way as if the programmable completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification with the same flags. If word is specified, only those completions matching word will be displayed. The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o comp-option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [-X filterpat] [-F function] [-C command] name [name ...] complete -pr [name ...] Specify how arguments to each name should be completed. If the -p option is sup- plied, or if no options are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The -r option removes a completion specification for each name, or, if no names are supplied, all completion specifica- tions. The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above under Programmable Completion. Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The arguments to the -G, -W, and -X options (and, if necessary, the -P and -S options) should be quoted to protect them from expansion before the complete builtin is invoked. -o comp-option The comp-option controls several aspects of the compspec’s behavior beyond the simple generation of completions. comp-option may be one of: bashdefault Perform the rest of the default bash completions if the compspec gen- erates no matches. default Use readline’s default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. dirnames Perform directory name completion if the compspec generates no matches. filenames Tell readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can per- form any filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to direc- tory names or suppressing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. nospace Tell readline not to append a space (the default) to words completed at the end of the line. plusdirs After any matches defined by the compspec are generated, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. -A action The action may be one of the following to generate a list of possible comple- tions: alias Alias names. May also be specified as -a. arrayvar Array variable names. binding Readline key binding names. builtin Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as -b. command Command names. May also be specified as -c. directory Directory names. May also be specified as -d. disabled Names of disabled shell builtins. enabled Names of enabled shell builtins. export Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as -e. file File names. May also be specified as -f. function Names of shell functions. group Group names. May also be specified as -g. helptopic Help topics as accepted by the help builtin. hostname Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HOSTFILE shell variable. job Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as -j. keyword Shell reserved words. May also be specified as -k. running Names of running jobs, if job control is active. service Service names. May also be specified as -s. setopt Valid arguments for the -o option to the set builtin. shopt Shell option names as accepted by the shopt builtin. signal Signal names. stopped Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. user User names. May also be specified as -u. variable Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as -v. -G globpat The filename expansion pattern globpat is expanded to generate the possible completions. -W wordlist The wordlist is split using the characters in the IFS special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is expanded. The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which match the word being completed. -C command command is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. -F function The shell function function is executed in the current shell environment. When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value of the COMPREPLY array variable. -X filterpat filterpat is a pattern as used for filename expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the preceding options and argu- ments, and each completion matching filterpat is removed from the list. A leading ! in filterpat negates the pattern; in this case, any completion not matching filterpat is removed. -P prefix prefix is added at the beginning of each possible completion after all other options have been applied. -S suffix suffix is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option other than -p or -r is supplied without a name argument, an attempt is made to remove a comple- tion specification for a name for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. continue [n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing for, while, until, or select loop. If n is specified, resume at the nth enclosing loop. n must be ≥ 1. If n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ‘‘top-level’’ loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when con- tinue is executed. declare [-afFirtx] [-p] [name[=value] ...] typeset [-afFirtx] [-p] [name[=value] ...] Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no names are given then display the values of variables. The -p option will display the attributes and values of each name. When -p is used, additional options are ignored. The -F option inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If the extdebug shell option is enabled using shopt, the source file name and line number where the function is defined are displayed as well. The -F option implies -f. The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: -a Each name is an array variable (see Arrays above). -f Use function names only. -i The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION ) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. -r Make names readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. -t Give each name the trace attribute. Traced functions inherit the DEBUG and RETURN traps from the calling shell. The trace attribute has no special mean- ing for variables. -x Mark names for export to subsequent commands via the environment. Using ‘+’ instead of ‘-’ turns off the attribute instead, with the exception that +a may not be used to destroy an array variable. When used in a function, makes each name local, as with the local command. If a variable name is followed by =value, the value of the variable is set to value. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using ‘‘-f foo=bar’’, an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see Arrays above), one of the names is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis- tent function with -f. dirs [-clpv] [+n] [-n] Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories. The default display is on a single line with directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the list with the pushd command; the popd command removes entries from the list. +n Displays the nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -n Displays the nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -c Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. -l Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. -p Print the directory stack with one entry per line. -v Print the directory stack with one entry per line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. disown [-ar] [-h] [jobspec ...] Without options, each jobspec is removed from the table of active jobs. If the -h option is given, each jobspec is not removed from the table, but is marked so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the shell receives a SIGHUP. If no jobspec is present, and neither the -a nor the -r option is supplied, the current job is used. If no jobspec is supplied, the -a option means to remove or mark all jobs; the -r option without a jobspec argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a jobspec does not specify a valid job. echo [-neE] [arg ...] Output the args, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. The return status is always 0. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -e option is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. The -E option disables the interpretation of these escape characters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. The xpg_echo shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not echo expands these escape characters by default. echo does not interpret -- to mean the end of options. echo interprets the following escape sequences: \a alert (bell) \b backspace \c suppress trailing newline \e an escape character \f form feed \n new line \r carriage return \t horizontal tab \v vertical tab \\ backslash \0nnn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value nnn (zero to three octal digits) \nnn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value nnn (one to three octal digits) \xHH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH (one or two hex digits) enable [-adnps] [-f filename] [name ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. If -n is used, each name is disabled; otherwise, names are enabled. For example, to use the test binary found via the PATH instead of the shell builtin version, run ‘‘enable -n test’’. The -f option means to load the new builtin command name from shared object filename, on systems that support dynamic loading. The -d option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -f. If no name arguments are given, or if the -p option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -n is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -a is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled. If -s is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX special builtins. The return value is 0 unless a name is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eval [arg ...] The args are read and concatenated together into a single command. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and its exit status is returned as the value of eval. If there are no args, or only null arguments, eval returns 0. exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments]] If command is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process is created. The arguments become the arguments to command. If the -l option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth arg passed to command. This is what login(1) does. The -c option causes command to be executed with an empty environ- ment. If -a is supplied, the shell passes name as the zeroth argument to the exe- cuted command. If command cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, unless the shell option execfail is enabled, in which case it returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed. If command is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. exit [n] Cause the shell to exit with a status of n. If n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EXIT is executed before the shell termi- nates. export [-fn] [name[=word]] ... export -p The supplied names are marked for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands. If the -f option is given, the names refer to functions. If no names are given, or if the -p option is supplied, a list of all names that are exported in this shell is printed. The -n option causes the export property to be removed from each name. If a variable name is followed by =word, the value of the variable is set to word. export returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the names is not a valid shell variable name, or -f is sup- plied with a name that is not a function. fc [-e ename] [-nlr] [first] [last] fc -s [pat=rep] [cmd] Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from first to last is selected from the history list. First and last may be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the current command number). If last is not specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that ‘‘fc -l -10’’ prints the last 10 commands) and to first otherwise. If first is not speci- fied it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. The -n option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The -r option reverses the order of the commands. If the -l option is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Otherwise, the editor given by ename is invoked on a file contain- ing those commands. If ename is not given, the value of the FCEDIT variable is used, and the value of EDITOR if FCEDIT is not set. If neither variable is set, is used. When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. In the second form, command is re-executed after each instance of pat is replaced by rep. A useful alias to use with this is ‘‘r="fc -s"’’, so that typing ‘‘r cc’’ runs the last command beginning with ‘‘cc’’ and typing ‘‘r’’ re-executes the last command. If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encoun- tered or first or last specify history lines out of range. If the -e option is sup- plied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-executed, unless cmd does not specify a valid history line, in which case fc returns failure. fg [jobspec] Resume jobspec in the foreground, and make it the current job. If jobspec is not present, the shell’s notion of the current job is used. The return value is that of the command placed into the foreground, or failure if run when job control is dis- abled or, when run with job control enabled, if jobspec does not specify a valid job or jobspec specifies a job that was started without job control. getopts optstring name [args] getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters. optstring con- tains the option characters to be recognized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be used as option char- acters. Each time it is invoked, getopts places the next option in the shell vari- able name, initializing name if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, getopts places that argument into the variable OPTARG. The shell does not reset OPTIND auto- matically; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to getopts within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. When the end of options is encountered, getopts exits with a return value greater than zero. OPTIND is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and name is set to ?. getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in args, getopts parses those instead. getopts can report errors in two ways. If the first character of optstring is a colon, silent error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the variable OPTERR is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first character of optstring is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, getopts places ? into name and, if not silent, prints an error message and unsets OPTARG. If getopts is silent, the option character found is placed in OPTARG and no diagnostic message is printed. If a required argument is not found, and getopts is not silent, a question mark (?) is placed in name, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed. If getopts is silent, then a colon (:) is placed in name and OPTARG is set to the option charac- ter found. getopts returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hash [-lr] [-p filename] [-dt] [name] For each name, the full file name of the command is determined by searching the directories in $PATH and remembered. If the -p option is supplied, no path search is performed, and filename is used as the full file name of the command. The -r option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -d option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each name. If the -t option is supplied, the full pathname to which each name corresponds is printed. If multiple name arguments are supplied with -t, the name is printed before the hashed full pathname. The -l option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only -l is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a name is not found or an invalid option is supplied. help [-s] [pattern] Display helpful information about builtin commands. If pattern is specified, help gives detailed help on all commands matching pattern; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. The -s option restricts the infor- mation displayed to a short usage synopsis. The return status is 0 unless no command matches pattern. history [n] history -c history -d offset history -anrw [filename] history -p arg [arg ...] history -s arg [arg ...] With no options, display the command history list with line numbers. Lines listed with a * have been modified. An argument of n lists only the last n lines. If the shell variable HISTTIMEFORMAT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for strftime(3) to display the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry. No intervening blank is printed between the formatted time stamp and the history line. If filename is supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, the value of HISTFILE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: -c Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. -d offset Delete the history entry at position offset. -a Append the ‘‘new’’ history lines (history lines entered since the beginning of the current bash session) to the history file. -n Read the history lines not already read from the history file into the current history list. These are lines appended to the history file since the begin- ning of the current bash session. -r Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history. -w Write the current history to the history file, overwriting the history file’s contents. -p Perform history substitution on the following args and display the result on the standard output. Does not store the results in the history list. Each arg must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. -s Store the args in the history list as a single entry. The last command in the history list is removed before the args are added. If the HISTTIMEFORMAT is set, the time stamp information associated with each history entry is written to the history file. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an invalid offset is supplied as an argument to -d, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to -p fails. jobs [-lnprs] [ jobspec ... ] jobs -x command [ args ... ] The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the following meanings: -l List process IDs in addition to the normal information. -p List only the process ID of the job’s process group leader. -n Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. -r Restrict output to running jobs. -s Restrict output to stopped jobs. If jobspec is given, output is restricted to information about that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid jobspec is sup- plied. If the -x option is supplied, jobs replaces any jobspec found in command or args with the corresponding process group ID, and executes command passing it args, returning its exit status. kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] [pid | jobspec] ... kill -l [sigspec | exit_status] Send the signal named by sigspec or signum to the processes named by pid or jobspec. sigspec is either a case-insensitive signal name such as SIGKILL (with or without the SIG prefix) or a signal number; signum is a signal number. If sigspec is not present, then SIGTERM is assumed. An argument of -l lists the signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -l is given, the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The exit_status argument to -l is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit status of a process termi- nated by a signal. kill returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. let arg [arg ...] Each arg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION). If the last arg evaluates to 0, let returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. local [option] [name[=value] ...] For each argument, a local variable named name is created, and assigned value. The option can be any of the options accepted by declare. When local is used within a function, it causes the variable name to have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children. With no operands, local writes a list of local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use local when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless local is used outside a function, an invalid name is sup- plied, or name is a readonly variable. logout Exit a login shell. popd [-n] [+n] [-n] Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top direc- tory from the stack, and performs a cd to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup- plied, have the following meanings: +n Removes the nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs, start- ing with zero. For example: ‘‘popd +0’’ removes the first directory, ‘‘popd +1’’ the second. -n Removes the nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero. For example: ‘‘popd -0’’ removes the last directory, ‘‘popd -1’’ the next to last. -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. If the popd command is successful, a dirs is performed as well, and the return status is 0. popd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. printf [-v var] format [arguments] Write the formatted arguments to the standard output under the control of the format. The format is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain charac- ters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive argument. In addition to the standard printf(1) formats, %b causes printf to expand backslash escape sequences in the cor- responding argument (except that \c terminates output, backslashes in \', \", and \? are not removed, and octal escapes beginning with \0 may contain up to four digits), and %q causes printf to output the corresponding argument in a format that can be reused as shell input. The -v option causes the output to be assigned to the variable var rather than being printed to the standard output. The format is reused as necessary to consume all of the arguments. If the format requires more arguments than are supplied, the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. pushd [-n] [dir] pushd [-n] [+n] [-n] Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: +n Rotates the stack so that the nth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero) is at the top. -n Rotates the stack so that the nth directory (counting from the right of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero) is at the top. -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. dir Adds dir to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. If the pushd command is successful, a dirs is performed as well. If the first form is used, pushd returns 0 unless the cd to dir fails. With the second form, pushd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. pwd [-LP] Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -P option is supplied or the -o physical option to the set builtin command is enabled. If the -L option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. read [-ers] [-u fd] [-t timeout] [-a aname] [-p prompt] [-n nchars] [-d delim] [name ...] One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor fd supplied as an argument to the -u option, and the first word is assigned to the first name, the second word to the second name, and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned to the last name. If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty values. The characters in IFS are used to split the line into words. The backslash character (\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next character read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: -a aname The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable aname, starting at 0. aname is unset before any new values are assigned. Other name arguments are ignored. -d delim The first character of delim is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline. -e If the standard input is coming from a terminal, readline (see READLINE above) is used to obtain the line. -n nchars read returns after reading nchars characters rather than waiting for a com- plete line of input. -p prompt Display prompt on standard error, without a trailing newline, before attempt- ing to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. -r Backslash does not act as an escape character. The backslash is considered to be part of the line. In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. -s Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed. -t timeout Cause read to time out and return failure if a complete line of input is not read within timeout seconds. This option has no effect if read is not reading input from the terminal or a pipe. -u fd Read input from file descriptor fd. If no names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable REPLY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u. readonly [-apf] [name[=word] ...] The given names are marked readonly; the values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -f option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the names are so marked. The -a option restricts the variables to arrays. If no name arguments are given, or if the -p option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -p option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =word, the value of the vari- able is set to word. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the names is not a valid shell variable name, or -f is supplied with a name that is not a function. return [n] Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by n. If n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but during execution of a script by the . (source) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either n or the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a function and not during execution of a script by ., the return status is false. Any command associated with the RETURN trap is executed before execution resumes after the function or script. set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option] [arg ...] Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot be reset. In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. The output is sorted according to the current locale. When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, ... $n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: -a Automatically mark variables and functions which are modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. -b Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. -e Exit immediately if a simple command (see SHELL GRAMMAR above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the command list immediately following a while or until keyword, part of the test in an if statement, part of a && or ││ list, or if the command’s return value is being inverted via !. A trap on ERR, if set, is executed before the shell exits. -f Disable pathname expansion. -h Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. -k All arguments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the environ- ment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. -m Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is on by default for interactive shells on systems that support it (see JOB CONTROL above). Back- ground processes run in a separate process group and a line containing their exit status is printed upon their completion. -n Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. -o option-name The option-name can be one of the following: allexport Same as -a. braceexpand Same as -B. emacs Use an emacs-style command line editing interface. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with the --noediting option. errtrace Same as -E. functrace Same as -T. errexit Same as -e. hashall Same as -h. histexpand Same as -H. history Enable command history, as described above under HISTORY. This option is on by default in interactive shells. ignoreeof The effect is as if the shell command ‘‘IGNOREEOF=10’’ had been exe- cuted (see Shell Variables above). keyword Same as -k. monitor Same as -m. noclobber Same as -C. noexec Same as -n. noglob Same as -f. nolog Currently ignored. notify Same as -b. nounset Same as -u. onecmd Same as -t. physical Same as -P. pipefail If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all command
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