时间和字符串格式的相互转换

visual studio 2022测试通过

1 timeformat.h

#pragma once
#ifndef TIME_FORMAT_H
#define TIME_FORMAT_H
#include  <ctype.h>
#include  <string>
#include  <time.h>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

//source:https ://blog.csdn.net/wisage/article/details/6269997
//https://www.jianshu.com/p/da8fee6702c9

/*
 * We do not implement alternate representations. However, we always
 * check whether a given modifier is allowed for a certain conversion.
 */
#define  ALT_E          0x01
#define  ALT_O          0x02
 //#define LEGAL_ALT(x)       { if (alt_format & ~(x)) return (0); }
#define  LEGAL_ALT(x)       { ; }
#define  TM_YEAR_BASE   (1900)

static    int conv_num(const char**, int*, int, int);
static  int strncasecmp(char* s1, char* s2, size_t n);

static  const char* day[7] = {
     "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday",
     "Friday", "Saturday"
};
static  const char* abday[7] = {
     "Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"
};
static  const char* mon[12] = {
     "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July",
     "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"
};
static  const char* abmon[12] = {
     "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
     "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"
};
static  const char* am_pm[2] = {
     "AM", "PM"
};

char* strptime(const char* buf, const char* fmt, struct tm* tm);

static  int conv_num(const char** buf, int* dest, int llim, int ulim);

int  strncasecmp(char* s1, char* s2, size_t n);

time_t str2date(const string& dateStr, const char& dateDiv = '-');

time_t str2time(const string& dateStr, const char& dateDiv = '-', const char& timeDiv = ':');

time_t str2time(const string& dateStr, const string& format);

time_t mkgmtime(tm* pTm);

std::string ShowHM(const time_t& t, const char& timeDiv = ':');

std::string ShowHMS(const time_t& t, const char& timeDiv = ':');

std::string ShowYMD(const time_t& t, const char& dateDiv = '-');

std::string ShowDateTime(const time_t& t, const char& dateDiv = '-', const char& timeDiv = ':');

std::string ShowDateTime(const tm& t, const char& dateDiv = '-', const char& timeDiv = ':');

std::string ShowDateTime(const time_t* t, const string& format);

std::string ShowDateTime(const tm* t, const string& format);

#endif // !TIME_FORMAT_H

2 timeformat.cpp

#include "timeformat.h"


char*
strptime(const char* buf, const char* fmt, struct tm* tm)
{
    char c;
    const char* bp;
    size_t len = 0;
    int alt_format, i, split_year = 0;

    bp = buf;

    while ((c = *fmt) != '\0') {
        /* Clear `alternate' modifier prior to new conversion. */
        alt_format = 0;

        /* Eat up white-space. */
        if (isspace(c)) {
            while (isspace(*bp))
                bp++;

            fmt++;
            continue;
        }

        if ((c = *fmt++) != '%')
            goto literal;


    again:        switch (c = *fmt++) {
    case '%': /* "%%" is converted to "%". */
        literal :
            if (c != *bp++)
                return (0);
        break;

        /*
         * "Alternative" modifiers. Just set the appropriate flag
         * and start over again.
         */
    case 'E': /* "%E?" alternative conversion modifier. */
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        alt_format |= ALT_E;
        goto again;

    case 'O': /* "%O?" alternative conversion modifier. */
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        alt_format |= ALT_O;
        goto again;

        /*
         * "Complex" conversion rules, implemented through recursion.
         */
    case 'c': /* Date and time, using the locale's format. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_E);
        if (!(bp = strptime(bp, "%x %X", tm)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'D': /* The date as "%m/%d/%y". */
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        if (!(bp = strptime(bp, "%m/%d/%y", tm)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'R': /* The time as "%H:%M". */
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        if (!(bp = strptime(bp, "%H:%M", tm)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'r': /* The time in 12-hour clock representation. */
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        if (!(bp = strptime(bp, "%I:%M:%S %p", tm)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'T': /* The time as "%H:%M:%S". */
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        if (!(bp = strptime(bp, "%H:%M:%S", tm)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'X': /* The time, using the locale's format. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_E);
        if (!(bp = strptime(bp, "%H:%M:%S", tm)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'x': /* The date, using the locale's format. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_E);
        if (!(bp = strptime(bp, "%m/%d/%y", tm)))
            return (0);
        break;

        /*
         * "Elementary" conversion rules.
         */
    case 'A': /* The day of week, using the locale's form. */
    case 'a':
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
            /* Full name. */
            len = strlen(day[i]);
            if (strncasecmp((char*)(day[i]), (char*)bp, len) == 0)
                break;

            /* Abbreviated name. */
            len = strlen(abday[i]);
            if (strncasecmp((char*)(abday[i]), (char*)bp, len) == 0)
                break;
        }

        /* Nothing matched. */
        if (i == 7)
            return (0);

        tm->tm_wday = i;
        bp += len;
        break;

    case 'B': /* The month, using the locale's form. */
    case 'b':
    case 'h':
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
            /* Full name. */
            len = strlen(mon[i]);
            if (strncasecmp((char*)(mon[i]), (char*)bp, len) == 0)
                break;

            /* Abbreviated name. */
            len = strlen(abmon[i]);
            if (strncasecmp((char*)(abmon[i]), (char*)bp, len) == 0)
                break;
        }

        /* Nothing matched. */
        if (i == 12)
            return (0);

        tm->tm_mon = i;
        bp += len;
        break;

    case 'C': /* The century number. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_E);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &i, 0, 99)))
            return (0);

        if (split_year) {
            tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year % 100) + (i * 100);
        }
        else {
            tm->tm_year = i * 100;
            split_year = 1;
        }
        break;

    case 'd': /* The day of month. */
    case 'e':
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_O);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &tm->tm_mday, 1, 31)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'k': /* The hour (24-hour clock representation). */
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case 'H':
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_O);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &tm->tm_hour, 0, 23)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'l': /* The hour (12-hour clock representation). */
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case 'I':
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_O);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &tm->tm_hour, 1, 12)))
            return (0);
        if (tm->tm_hour == 12)
            tm->tm_hour = 0;
        break;

    case 'j': /* The day of year. */
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &i, 1, 366)))
            return (0);
        tm->tm_yday = i - 1;
        break;

    case 'M': /* The minute. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_O);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &tm->tm_min, 0, 59)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'm': /* The month. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_O);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &i, 1, 12)))
            return (0);
        tm->tm_mon = i - 1;
        break;

               case 'p': /* The locale's equivalent of AM/PM. */
                    LEGAL_ALT(0);
                    /* AM? */
                    if (_stricmp(am_pm[0], bp) == 0) {
                         if (tm->tm_hour > 11)
                             return (0);
        
                         bp += strlen(am_pm[0]);
                         break;
                    }
                    /* PM? */
                    else if (_stricmp(am_pm[1], bp) == 0) {
                         if (tm->tm_hour > 11)
                             return (0);
        
                         tm->tm_hour += 12;
                         bp += strlen(am_pm[1]);
                         break;
                    }
        
                    /* Nothing matched. */
                    return (0);

    case 'S': /* The seconds. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_O);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &tm->tm_sec, 0, 61)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'U': /* The week of year, beginning on sunday. */
    case 'W': /* The week of year, beginning on monday. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_O);
        /*
         * XXX This is bogus, as we can not assume any valid
         * information present in the tm structure at this
         * point to calculate a real value, so just check the
         * range for now.
         */
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &i, 0, 53)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'w': /* The day of week, beginning on sunday. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_O);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &tm->tm_wday, 0, 6)))
            return (0);
        break;

    case 'Y': /* The year. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_E);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &i, 0, 9999)))
            return (0);

        tm->tm_year = i - TM_YEAR_BASE;
        break;

    case 'y': /* The year within 100 years of the epoch. */
        LEGAL_ALT(ALT_E | ALT_O);
        if (!(conv_num(&bp, &i, 0, 99)))
            return (0);

        if (split_year) {
            tm->tm_year = ((tm->tm_year / 100) * 100) + i;
            break;
        }
        split_year = 1;
        if (i <= 68)
            tm->tm_year = i + 2000 - TM_YEAR_BASE;
        else
            tm->tm_year = i + 1900 - TM_YEAR_BASE;
        break;

        /*
         * Miscellaneous conversions.
         */
    case 'n': /* Any kind of white-space. */
    case 't':
        LEGAL_ALT(0);
        while (isspace(*bp))
            bp++;
        break;


    default: /* Unknown/unsupported conversion. */
        return (0);
    }


    }

    /* LINTED functional specification */
    return ((char*)bp);
}


static  int
conv_num(const char** buf, int* dest, int llim, int ulim)
{
    int result = 0;

    /* The limit also determines the number of valid digits. */
    int rulim = ulim;

    if (**buf < '0' || **buf > '9')
        return (0);

    do {
        result *= 10;
        result += *(*buf)++ - '0';
        rulim /= 10;
    } while ((result * 10 <= ulim) && rulim && **buf >= '0' && **buf <= '9');

    if (result < llim || result > ulim)
        return (0);

    *dest = result;
    return (1);
}

int  strncasecmp(char* s1, char* s2, size_t n)
{
    if (n == 0)
        return 0;

    while (n-- != 0 && tolower(*s1) == tolower(*s2))
    {
        if (n == 0 || *s1 == '/0' || *s2 == '/0')
            break;
        s1++;
        s2++;
    }

    return tolower(*(unsigned char*)s1) - tolower(*(unsigned char*)s2);
}

// time转格式化字符串=====================================

std::string ShowDateTime(const tm* t, const string& format)
{
    char s[100];
    strftime(s, sizeof(s), format.c_str(), t);
    return string(s);
}


std::string ShowDateTime(const time_t* t, const string& format)
{
    tm _tm;

    gmtime_s(&_tm, t);

    return ShowDateTime(&_tm, format);
}

std::string ShowDateTime(const tm& t, const char& dateDiv, const char& timeDiv)
{
    ostringstream format;
    format << "%Y" << dateDiv << "%m" << dateDiv << "%d" << ' ';
    format << "%H" << timeDiv << "%M" << timeDiv << "%S";

    return ShowDateTime(&t, format.str());
}

std::string ShowDateTime(const time_t& t, const char& dateDiv, const char& timeDiv)
{
    ostringstream format;
    format << "%Y" << dateDiv << "%m" << dateDiv << "%d" << ' ';
    format << "%H" << timeDiv << "%M" << timeDiv << "%S";

    return ShowDateTime(&t, format.str());
}

std::string ShowYMD(const time_t& t, const char& dateDiv)
{
    ostringstream format;
    format << "%Y" << dateDiv << "%m" << dateDiv << "%d";

    return ShowDateTime(&t, format.str());
}

std::string ShowHMS(const time_t& t, const char& timeDiv)
{
    ostringstream format;
    format << "%H" << timeDiv << "%M" << timeDiv << "%S";

    return ShowDateTime(&t, format.str());
}

std::string ShowHM(const time_t& t, const char& timeDiv)
{
    ostringstream format;
    format << "%H" << timeDiv << "%M";

    return ShowDateTime(&t, format.str());
}

// 格式化字符串转time=====================================
time_t mkgmtime(tm* pTm)
{
    unsigned int year = pTm->tm_year + 1900;
    unsigned int mon = pTm->tm_mon + 1;
    unsigned int day = pTm->tm_mday;
    unsigned int hour = pTm->tm_hour;
    unsigned int min = pTm->tm_min;
    unsigned int sec = pTm->tm_sec;

    if (0 >= (int)(mon -= 2)) {    /* 1..12 -> 11,12,1..10 */
        mon += 12;      /* Puts Feb last since it has leap day */
        year -= 1;
    }

    return (((
        (unsigned long)(year / 4 - year / 100 + year / 400 + 367 * mon / 12 + day) +
        year * 365 - 719499
        ) * 24 + hour /* now have hours */
        ) * 60 + min /* now have minutes */
        ) * 60 + sec; /* finally seconds */
}

time_t str2time(const string& dateStr, const string& format)
{
    tm t;
    memset(&t, 0, sizeof(tm));

    strptime(dateStr.c_str(), format.c_str(), &t);// windows下用不了

    return mkgmtime(&t);
}

time_t str2time(const string& dateStr, const char& dateDiv, const char& timeDiv)
{
    string format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S";
    if (dateDiv != '-')
    {
        format[2] = format[5] = dateDiv;
    }
    if (timeDiv != ':')
    {
        format[11] = format[14] = timeDiv;
    }

    return str2time(dateStr.c_str(), format);
}

time_t str2date(const string& dateStr, const char& dateDiv)
{
    string format = "%Y-%m-%d";
    if (dateDiv != '-')
    {
        format[2] = format[5] = dateDiv;
    }

    return str2time(dateStr.c_str(), format);
}

3 测试程序

#include "timeformat.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    // 测试
    struct tm* newtime;
    newtime = new tm();
    //if use this, include conio.h
    //memset(&newtime, 0x00, sizeof(struct tm));

    strptime("Tue, 27 Nov 2007 05:35:53", "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S", newtime);
    //strptime("03/10/2004 15:54:19","%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S",&newtime);

    time_t now = time(0);
    cout << ShowYMD(now) << endl;
    cout << str2date(ShowYMD(now)) << endl;

    system("pause");// 暂停以显示终端窗口
    return 0;
}