jdk1.8新特性（三）

Optional类

常用方法

1. Optional.of(T t)：创建一个Optional实例
2. Optional.empty()：创建一个空的Optional实例
3. Optional.ofNullable(T t)：若t不为null,创建Optional实例,否则创建空实例
4. isPresent()：判断是否包含值
5. orElse(T t)：如果调用对象包含值，返回该值，否则返回t
6. orElseGet(Supplier s)：如果调用对象包含值，返回该值，否则返回 s 获取的值
7. map(Function f)：如果有值对其处理，并返回处理后Optional，否则返回Optional.empty()
8. flatMap(Function mapper)：与map类似，要求返回值必须是Optional

时间和日期

示例：jdk1.7解决线程安全问题

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class DateFormatThreadLocal {
	
	private static final ThreadLocal<DateFormat> df = new ThreadLocal<DateFormat>(){
		
		protected DateFormat initialValue(){
			return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd");
		}
		
	};
	
	public static final Date convert(String source) throws ParseException{
		return df.get().parse(source);
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//解决多线程安全问题
		Callable<Date> task = new Callable<Date>() {

			@Override
			public Date call() throws Exception {
				return DateFormatThreadLocal.convert("20161121");
			}
			
		};

		ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
		
		List<Future<Date>> results = new ArrayList<>();
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			results.add(pool.submit(task));
		}
		
		for (Future<Date> future : results) {
			System.out.println(future.get());
		}
		
		pool.shutdown();
	}
}

示例：jdk1.8解决线程安全问题

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class TestSimpleDateFormat {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd");
		
		Callable<LocalDate> task = new Callable<LocalDate>() {

			@Override
			public LocalDate call() throws Exception {
				LocalDate ld = LocalDate.parse("20161121", dtf);
				return ld;
			}
			
		};

		ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
		
		List<Future<LocalDate>> results = new ArrayList<>();
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			results.add(pool.submit(task));
		}
		
		for (Future<LocalDate> future : results) {
			System.out.println(future.get());
		}
		
		pool.shutdown();
	}

}

示例：时间API

LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println(ldt);

LocalDateTime ld2 = LocalDateTime.of(2016, 11, 21, 10, 10, 10);
System.out.println(ld2);

LocalDateTime ldt3 = ld2.plusYears(20);
System.out.println(ldt3);

LocalDateTime ldt4 = ld2.minusMonths(2);
System.out.println(ldt4);

System.out.println(ldt.getYear());
System.out.println(ldt.getMonthValue());
System.out.println(ldt.getDayOfMonth());
System.out.println(ldt.getHour());
System.out.println(ldt.getMinute());
System.out.println(ldt.getSecond());

示例：时间戳API

Instant ins = Instant.now();  //默认使用 UTC 时区
System.out.println(ins);

OffsetDateTime odt = ins.atOffset(ZoneOffset.ofHours(8));
System.out.println(odt);

System.out.println(ins.getNano());

Instant ins2 = Instant.ofEpochSecond(5);
System.out.println(ins2);

示例：计算时间和日期间隔

Instant ins1 = Instant.now();

System.out.println("--------------------");
try {
	Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}

Instant ins2 = Instant.now();

System.out.println("所耗费时间为：" + Duration.between(ins1, ins2));

System.out.println("----------------------------------");

LocalDate ld1 = LocalDate.now();
ld2 = LocalDate.of(2011, 1, 1);

Period pe = Period.between(ld2, ld1);
System.out.println(pe.getYears());
System.out.println(pe.getMonths());
System.out.println(pe.getDays());

示例：时间校正器

LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println(ldt);

LocalDateTime ldt2 = ldt.withDayOfMonth(10);
System.out.println(ldt2);

LocalDateTime ldt3 = ldt.with(TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY));
System.out.println(ldt3);

//自定义：下一个工作日
LocalDateTime ldt5 = ldt.with((l) -> {
	LocalDateTime ldt4 = (LocalDateTime) l;
	
	DayOfWeek dow = ldt4.getDayOfWeek();
	
	if(dow.equals(DayOfWeek.FRIDAY)){
		return ldt4.plusDays(3);
	}else if(dow.equals(DayOfWeek.SATURDAY)){
		return ldt4.plusDays(2);
	}else{
		return ldt4.plusDays(1);
	}
});

System.out.println(ldt5);

示例：时间/日期格式化

DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss E");

LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();
String strDate = ldt.format(dtf);

System.out.println(strDate);

LocalDateTime newLdt = LocalDateTime.parse(strDate, dtf);
System.out.println(newLdt);

示例：带时区的时间

Set<String> set = ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds(); // 获取所有时区
set.forEach(System.out::println);

LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));
System.out.println(ldt);

ZonedDateTime zdt = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("US/Pacific"));
System.out.println(zdt);

注解

类型注解

教程
https://my.oschina.net/benhaile/blog/179642

重复注解

教程
http://www.importnew.com/14919.html

Base64

示例：使用Base64编码与解码

final String text = "Base64 finally in Java 8!";

    final String encoded = Base64
            .getEncoder()
            .encodeToString( text.getBytes( StandardCharsets.UTF_8 ) );
    System.out.println( encoded );
         
    final String decoded = new String( 
            Base64.getDecoder().decode( encoded ),
            StandardCharsets.UTF_8 );
    System.out.println( decoded );

并行数组

示例：数组并行排序

long[] arrayOfLong = new long [ 20000 ];        
        
        Arrays.parallelSetAll( arrayOfLong, 
            index -> ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt( 1000000 ) );
        Arrays.stream( arrayOfLong ).limit( 10 ).forEach( 
            i -> System.out.print( i + " " ) );
        System.out.println();
         
        Arrays.parallelSort( arrayOfLong );     
        Arrays.stream( arrayOfLong ).limit( 10 ).forEach( 
            i -> System.out.print( i + " " ) );
        System.out.println();

JVM

JVM选项-XX:PermSize与-XX:MaxPermSize分别被-XX:MetaSpaceSize与-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize所代替。

示例：JVM典型配置
JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms1g -Xmx4g -XX:MetaspaceSize=64m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=1024m -Duser.timezone=GMT+8"
参数说明
参数 说明
-server 服务器模式
-Xms 初始分配的堆内存
-Xmx 最大允许分配的堆内存，按需分配
-XX:MetaspaceSize 元空间初始分配的内存
-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize 元空间最大允许分配的内存
-Duser.timezone 设置时区