二叉树是每个节点最多有两个子树的树结构。通常子树被称作“左子树”(left subtree)和“右子树”(right subtree)。二叉树常被用于实现二叉查找树和二叉堆
<?php
class Node{
public $value;
public $left;
public $right;
}
//先序遍历 根节点 ---> 左子树 ---> 右子树
function preorder($root){
$stack=array();
array_push($stack,$root);
while(!empty($stack)){
$center_node=array_pop($stack);
echo $center_node->value.' ';//先输出根节点
if($center_node->right!=null){
array_push($stack,$center_node->right);//压入左子树
}
if($center_node->left!=null){
array_push($stack,$center_node->left);
}
}
}
//中序遍历,左子树---> 根节点 ---> 右子树
function inorder($root){
$stack = array();
$center_node = $root;
while (!empty($stack) || $center_node != null) {
while ($center_node != null) {
array_push($stack, $center_node);
$center_node = $center_node->left;
}
$center_node = array_pop($stack);
echo $center_node->value . " ";
$center_node = $center_node->right;
}
}
//后序遍历,左子树 ---> 右子树 ---> 根节点
function tailorder($root){
$stack=array();
$outstack=array();
array_push($stack,$root);
while(!empty($stack)){
$center_node=array_pop($stack);
array_push($outstack,$center_node);//最先压入根节点,最后输出
if($center_node->left!=null){
array_push($stack,$center_node->left);
}
if($center_node->right!=null){
array_push($stack,$center_node->right);
}
}
while(!empty($outstack)){
$center_node=array_pop($outstack);
echo $center_node->value.' ';
}
}
$a=new Node();
$b=new Node();
$c=new Node();
$d=new Node();
$e=new Node();
$f=new Node();
$a->value='A';
$b->value='B';
$c->value='C';
$d->value='D';
$e->value='E';
$f->value='F';
$a->left=$b;
$a->right=$c;
$b->left=$d;
$c->left=$e;
$c->right=$f;
preorder($a);//A B D C E F
echo '<hr/>';
inorder($a);//D B A E C F
echo '<hr/>';
tailorder($a);//D B E F C A
结果:
A B D C E F
D B A E C F
D B E F C A