java实现学生、老师信息管理系统

乌拉啊

已于 2022-04-18 09:17:49 修改

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文章标签： java

于 2022-04-17 13:48:35 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/nuuih/article/details/124225887

版权

1. 程序入口：

entry包（main入口）：


public class ManagerEntry {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true) {
            // 主菜单
            System.out.println("--------信息管理系统--------");
            System.out.println("1.学生管理  2.老师管理  3.退出");
            String choice = sc.next();
            switch (choice) {
                case "1":
         OtherStudentController studentController = new OtherStudentController();
                    studentController.start();
                    break;
                    
                case "2":
         TeacherController teacherController = new TeacherController();
                    teacherController.start();
                    break;
                    
                case "3":
                    System.out.println("感谢您的使用");
                    // 退出当前正在运行的JVM虚拟机
                    System.exit(0);
                    break;
                    
                default:
                    System.out.println("您的输入有误, 请重新输入");
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}

2. 封装信息：

domain包（类的封装）：


//父类
public class Person {
	private String id;
	private String name;
	private String age;
	private String birthday;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String id, String name, String age, String birthday) {
	this.id = id;
	this.name = name;
	this.age = age;
	this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getId() {
	return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
	this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
public String getAge() {
	return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getBirthday() {
	return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
	this.birthday = birthday;
}
}

// Student类
public class Student extends Person {
public Student() {
}
public Student(String id, String name, String age, String birthday) {
	super(id, name, age, birthday);
}
}

// Teacher类
public class Teacher extends Person {
public Teacher() {
}
public Teacher(String id, String name, String age, String birthday) {
super(id, name, age, birthday);
}
}

3. 用户交互：

controller包：

接收信息、打印显示信息，与用户交互。

基础学生控制台（父类）：

public abstract class BaseStudentController {
    // 业务员对象
    private StudentService studentService = new StudentService();

    private Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

    // 开启学生管理系统, 并展示学生管理系统菜单
    public final void start() {
        //Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        studentLoop:
        while (true) {
System.out.println("--------欢迎来到 <学生> 管理系统--------");
System.out.println("1.添加学生  2.删除学生  3.修改学生  4.查看学生  5.退出");
String choice = sc.next();
            switch (choice) {
                case "1":
                    // System.out.println("添加");
                    addStudent();
                    break;
                case "2":
                    // System.out.println("删除");
                    deleteStudentById();
                    break;
                case "3":
                    // System.out.println("修改");
                    updateStudent();
                    break;
                case "4":
                    // System.out.println("查询");
                    findAllStudent();
                    break;
                case "5":
                    System.out.println("感谢您使用学生管理系统, 再见!");
                    break studentLoop;
                default:
                    System.out.println("您的输入有误, 请重新输入");
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    // 修改学生方法
    public final void updateStudent() {
        String updateId = inputStudentId();
        Student newStu = inputStudentInfo(updateId);
        studentService.updateStudent(updateId, newStu);

        System.out.println("修改成功!");
    }

    // 删除学生方法
    public final void deleteStudentById() {
        String delId = inputStudentId();
        // 3. 调用业务员中的deleteStudentById根据id, 删除学生
        studentService.deleteStudentById(delId);
        // 4. 提示删除成功
        System.out.println("删除成功!");
    }

    // 查看学生方法
    public final void findAllStudent() {
        // 1. 调用业务员中的获取方法, 得到学生的对象数组
        Student[] stus = studentService.findAllStudent();
        // 2. 判断数组的内存地址, 是否为null
        if (stus == null) {
            System.out.println("查无信息, 请添加后重试");
            return;
        }
        // 3. 遍历数组, 获取学生信息并打印在控制台
        System.out.println("学号\t\t姓名\t年龄\t生日");
        for (int i = 0; i < stus.length; i++) {
            Student stu = stus[i];
            if (stu != null) {
   System.out.println(stu.getId() + "\t" + stu.getName() + "\t" + stu.getAge() + "\t\t" + stu.getBirthday());
            }
        }
    }

    // 添加学生方法
    public final void addStudent() {
        // StudentService studentService = new StudentService();
        // 1. 键盘接收学生信息
        String id;
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输入学生id:");
            id = sc.next();
            boolean flag = studentService.isExists(id);
            if (flag) {
                System.out.println("学号已被占用, 请重新输入");
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }

        Student stu = inputStudentInfo(id);

        // 3. 将学生对象,传递给StudentService(业务员)中的addStudent方法
        boolean result = studentService.addStudent(stu);
        // 4. 根据返回的boolean类型结果, 在控制台打印成功\失败
        if (result) {
            System.out.println("添加成功");
        } else {
            System.out.println("添加失败");
        }
    }

    // 键盘录入学生id
    public String inputStudentId() {
        String id;
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输入学生id:");
            id = sc.next();
            boolean exists = studentService.isExists(id);
            if (!exists) {
                System.out.println("您输入的id不存在, 请重新输入:");
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        return id;
    }

    // 键盘录入学生信息
    // 开闭原则: 对扩展内容开放, 对修改内容关闭
    public abstract Student inputStudentInfo(String id);
}

学生控制台：

接受信息，使用set方法赋值。

public class StudentController extends BaseStudentController {

    private Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

    // 键盘录入学生信息
    // 开闭原则: 对扩展内容开放, 对修改内容关闭
    @Override
    public Student inputStudentInfo(String id) {
        System.out.println("请输入学生姓名:");
        String name = sc.next();
        System.out.println("请输入学生年龄:");
        String age = sc.next();
        System.out.println("请输入学生生日:");
        String birthday = sc.next();
        Student stu = new Student();
        stu.setId(id);
        stu.setName(name);
        stu.setAge(age);
        stu.setBirthday(birthday);
        return stu;
    }
}

开闭原则，进行修改：

接受信息使用构造方法赋值。

public class OtherStudentController extends BaseStudentController {

    private Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

    // 键盘录入学生信息
    // 开闭原则: 对扩展内容开放, 对修改内容关闭
    @Override
    public Student inputStudentInfo(String id) {
        System.out.println("请输入学生姓名:");
        String name = sc.next();
        System.out.println("请输入学生年龄:");
        String age = sc.next();
        System.out.println("请输入学生生日:");
        String birthday = sc.next();
        Student stu = new Student(id,name,age,birthday);
        return stu;
    }
}

教师控制台：

public class TeacherController {

    private Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
    private TeacherService teacherService = new TeacherService();

    public void start() {

        teacherLoop:
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("--------欢迎来到 <老师> 管理系统--------");
            System.out.println("请输入您的选择: 1.添加老师  2.删除老师  3.修改老师  4.查看老师  5.退出");
            String choice = sc.next();
            switch (choice) {
                case "1":
                    // System.out.println("添加老师");
                    addTeacher();
                    break;
                case "2":
                    // System.out.println("删除老师");
                    deleteTeacherById();
                    break;
                case "3":
                    // System.out.println("修改老师");
                    updateTeacher();
                    break;
                case "4":
                    // System.out.println("查看老师");
                    findAllTeacher();
                    break;
                case "5":
                    System.out.println("感谢您使用老师管理系统, 再见!");
                    break teacherLoop;
                default:
                    System.out.println("您的输入有误, 请重新输入");
                    break;
            }
        }

    }

    public void updateTeacher() {
        String id = inputTeacherId();

        Teacher newTeacher = inputTeacherInfo(id);

        // 调用业务员的修改方法
        teacherService.updateTeacher(id,newTeacher);
        System.out.println("修改成功");
    }

    public void deleteTeacherById() {

        String id = inputTeacherId();

        // 2. 调用业务员中的删除方法, 根据id, 删除老师
        teacherService.deleteTeacherById(id);

        // 3. 提示删除成功
        System.out.println("删除成功");


    }

    public void findAllTeacher() {
        // 1. 从业务员中, 获取老师对象数组
        Teacher[] teachers = teacherService.findAllTeacher();

        // 2. 判断数组中是否有元素
        if (teachers == null) {
            System.out.println("查无信息, 请添加后重试");
            return;
        }

        // 3. 遍历数组, 取出元素, 并打印在控制台
        System.out.println("学号\t\t姓名\t年龄\t生日");
        for (int i = 0; i < teachers.length; i++) {
            Teacher t = teachers[i];
            if (t != null) {
  System.out.println(t.getId() + "\t" + t.getName() + "\t" + t.getAge() + "\t\t" + t.getBirthday());
            }
        }
    }

    public void addTeacher() {
        String id;
        while (true) {
            // 1. 接收不存在的老师id
            System.out.println("请输入老师id:");
            id = sc.next();
            // 2. 判断id是否存在
            boolean exists = teacherService.isExists(id);

            if (exists) {
                System.out.println("id已被占用, 请重新输入:");
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }

        Teacher t = inputTeacherInfo(id);

        // 5. 将封装好的老师对象, 传递给TeacherService继续完成添加操作
        boolean result = teacherService.addTeacher(t);

        if (result) {
            System.out.println("添加成功");
        } else {
            System.out.println("添加失败");
        }
    }

    // 录入老师id
    public String inputTeacherId(){
        String id;
        while(true){
            System.out.println("请输入id");
            id = sc.next();
            boolean exists = teacherService.isExists(id);
            if(!exists){
                System.out.println("您输入的id不存在, 请重新输入:");
            }else{
                break;
            }
        }
        return id;
    }

    // 录入老师信息, 封装为老师对象
    public Teacher inputTeacherInfo(String id){
        System.out.println("请输入老师姓名:");
        String name = sc.next();
        System.out.println("请输入老师年龄:");
        String age = sc.next();
        System.out.println("请输入老师生日:");
        String birthday = sc.next();

        Teacher t = new Teacher();
        t.setId(id);
        t.setName(name);
        t.setAge(age);
        t.setBirthday(birthday);

        return t;
    }
}

4. 逻辑处理：

service包：

学生业务逻辑层：

public class StudentService {
    // 创建StudentDao (库管)
    // private OtherStudentDao studentDao = new OtherStudentDao();

    // 通过学生库管工厂类, 获取库管对象
    private BaseStudentDao studentDao = StudentDaoFactory.getStudentDao();

    // 添加学生方法
    public boolean addStudent(Student stu) {
        // 2. 将学生对象, 传递给StudentDao 库管中的addStudent方法
        // 3. 将返回的boolean类型结果, 返还给StudentController
        return studentDao.addStudent(stu);
    }
    // 判断学号是否存在方法
    public boolean isExists(String id) {
        Student[] stus = studentDao.findAllStudent();
        // 假设id在数组中不存在
        boolean exists = false;
        // 遍历数组, 获取每一个学生对象, 准备进行判断
        for (int i = 0; i < stus.length; i++) {
            Student student = stus[i];
            if(student != null && student.getId().equals(id)){
                exists = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        return exists;
    }
    // 查看学生方法
    public Student[] findAllStudent() {
        // 1. 调用库管对象的findAllStudent获取学生对象数组
        Student[] allStudent = studentDao.findAllStudent();
        // 2. 判断数组中是否有学生信息 (有: 返回地址,  没有: 返回null)
        // 思路: 数组中只要存在一个不是null的元素, 那就代表有学生信息
        boolean flag = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < allStudent.length; i++) {
            Student stu = allStudent[i];
            if(stu != null){
                flag = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if(flag){
            // 有信息
            return allStudent;
        }else{
            // 没有信息
            return null;
        }

    }

    public void deleteStudentById(String delId) {
        studentDao.deleteStudentById(delId);
    }

    public void updateStudent(String updateId, Student newStu) {
        studentDao.updateStudent(updateId, newStu);
    }
}

老师业务逻辑层：


public class TeacherService {

    private TeacherDao teacherDao = new TeacherDao();

    public boolean addTeacher(Teacher t) {
        return teacherDao.addTeacher(t);
    }

    public boolean isExists(String id) {
        // 1. 获取库管对象中的数组
        Teacher[] teachers = teacherDao.findAllTeacher();

        boolean exists = false;

        // 2. 遍历数组, 取出每一个元素, 进行判断
        for (int i = 0; i < teachers.length; i++) {
            Teacher teacher = teachers[i];
            if(teacher != null && teacher.getId().equals(id)){
                exists = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        return exists;
    }

    public Teacher[] findAllTeacher() {
        Teacher[] allTeacher = teacherDao.findAllTeacher();

        boolean flag = false;

        for (int i = 0; i < allTeacher.length; i++) {
            Teacher t = allTeacher[i];
            if(t != null){
                flag = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if(flag){
            return allTeacher;
        }else{
            return null;
        }

    }

    public void deleteTeacherById(String id) {
        teacherDao.deleteTeacherById(id);
    }

    public void updateTeacher(String id, Teacher newTeacher) {
        teacherDao.updateTeacher(id,newTeacher);
    }
}

5. 数据存储层：

dao包：

接口：

public interface BaseStudentDao {
    // 添加学生方法
    public abstract boolean addStudent(Student stu);
    // 查看学生方法
    public abstract Student[] findAllStudent();
    // 删除学生方法
    public abstract void deleteStudentById(String delId);
    // 根据id找索引方法
    public abstract int getIndex(String id);
    // 修改学生方法
    public abstract void updateStudent(String updateId, Student newStu);
}

秉承开闭原则，进行容器替换：

public class OtherStudentDao implements BaseStudentDao {
    // 集合容器
    private static ArrayList<Student> stus = new ArrayList<>();

    static {
        Student stu1 = new Student("001","张三","23","2000-00-00");
        Student stu2 = new Student("002","李四","24","2000-00-00");

        stus.add(stu1);
        stus.add(stu2);
    }

    // 添加学生方法
    public boolean addStudent(Student stu) {
       stus.add(stu);
       return true;
    }

    // 查看学生方法
    public Student[] findAllStudent() {

        Student[] students = new Student[stus.size()];

        for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
            students[i] = stus.get(i);
        }

        return students;
    }

    public void deleteStudentById(String delId) {
        // 1. 查找id在容器中所在的索引位置
        int index = getIndex(delId);
        stus.remove(index);
    }

    public int getIndex(String id){
        int index = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < stus.size(); i++) {
            Student stu = stus.get(i);
            if(stu != null && stu.getId().equals(id)){
                index = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        return index;
    }

    public void updateStudent(String updateId, Student newStu) {
        // 1. 查找updateId, 在容器中的索引位置
        int index = getIndex(updateId);
        stus.set(index, newStu);
    }
}

学生存储：

public class StudentDao implements BaseStudentDao {
    // 创建学生对象数组
    private static Student[] stus = new Student[5];

    static {
        Student stu1 = new Student("001","张三","23","2000-00-00");
        Student stu2 = new Student("002","李四","24","2000-00-00");
        stus[0] = stu1;
        stus[1] = stu2;
    }

    // 添加学生方法
    @Override
    public boolean addStudent(Student stu) {

        // 2. 添加学生到数组
        //2.1 定义变量index为-1，假设数组已经全部存满，没有null的元素
        int index = -1;
        //2.2 遍历数组取出每一个元素，判断是否是null
        for (int i = 0; i < stus.length; i++) {
            Student student = stus[i];
            if(student == null){
                index = i;
                //2.3 如果为null，让index变量记录当前索引位置，并使用break结束循环遍历
                break;
            }
        }

        // 3. 返回是否添加成功的boolean类型状态
        if(index == -1){
            // 装满了
            return false;
        }else{
            // 没有装满, 正常添加, 返回true
            stus[index] = stu;
            return true;
        }
    }
    // 查看学生方法
    public Student[] findAllStudent() {
        return stus;
    }

    public void deleteStudentById(String delId) {
        // 1. 查找id在容器中所在的索引位置
        int index = getIndex(delId);
        // 2. 将该索引位置,使用null元素进行覆盖
        stus[index] = null;
    }

    public int getIndex(String id){
        int index = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < stus.length; i++) {
            Student stu = stus[i];
            if(stu != null && stu.getId().equals(id)){
                index = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        return index;
    }

    public void updateStudent(String updateId, Student newStu) {
        // 1. 查找updateId, 在容器中的索引位置
        int index = getIndex(updateId);
        // 2. 将该索引位置, 使用新的学生对象替换
        stus[index] = newStu;
    }
}

教师存储：

public class TeacherDao {

    private static Teacher[] teachers = new Teacher[5];

    public boolean addTeacher(Teacher t) {
        int index = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < teachers.length; i++) {
            Teacher teacher = teachers[i];
            if(teacher == null){
                index = i;
                break;
            }
        }

        if(index == -1){
            return false;
        }else{
            teachers[index] = t;
            return true;
        }

    }

    public Teacher[] findAllTeacher() {
        return teachers;
    }

    public void deleteTeacherById(String id) {
        // 1. 查询id在数组中的索引位置
        int index = getIndex(id);
        // 2. 将该索引位置的元素, 使用null进行替换
        teachers[index] = null;
    }

    public int getIndex(String id){
        int index = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < teachers.length; i++) {
            Teacher t = teachers[i];
            if(t != null && t.getId().equals(id)){
                index = i;
                break;
            }
        }

        return index;
    }

    public void updateTeacher(String id, Teacher newTeacher) {
        int index = getIndex(id);
        teachers[index] = newTeacher;
    }
}

6. 解耦：

factory包：

提供 static 修改的 getStudentDao 方法，该方法用于创建 StudentDao 对象并返回

public class StudentDaoFactory {
    public static BaseStudentDao getStudentDao(){
        return new OtherStudentDao();
    }
}

乌拉啊

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java实现学生、老师信息管理系统

1. 程序入口：entry包（main入口）：public class ManagerEntry { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); while (true) { // 主菜单 System.out.println("--------信息管理系统--------");
复制链接

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