线程并发工具类

并发工具类

1.1 并发工具类-Hashtable

​ Hashtable出现的原因 : 在集合类中HashMap是比较常用的集合对象，但是HashMap是线程不安全的(多线程环境下可能会存在问题)。为了保证数据的安全性我们可以使用Hashtable，但是Hashtable的效率低下。

代码实现 :

package com.itheima.mymap;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Hashtable;

public class MyHashtableDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Hashtable<String, String> hm = new Hashtable<>();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
                hm.put(i + "", i + "");
            }
        });


        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 25; i < 51; i++) {
                hm.put(i + "", i + "");
            }
        });

        t1.start();
        t2.start();

        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        //为了t1和t2能把数据全部添加完毕
        Thread.sleep(1000);

        //0-0 1-1 ..... 50- 50

        for (int i = 0; i < 51; i++) {
            System.out.println(hm.get(i + ""));
        }//0 1 2 3 .... 50


    }
}

1.2 并发工具类-ConcurrentHashMap基本使用

​ ConcurrentHashMap出现的原因 : 在集合类中HashMap是比较常用的集合对象，但是HashMap是线程不安全的(多线程环境下可能会存在问题)。为了保证数据的安全性我们可以使用Hashtable，但是Hashtable的效率低下。

基于以上两个原因我们可以使用JDK1.5以后所提供的ConcurrentHashMap。

体系结构 :

总结 :

​ 1 ，HashMap是线程不安全的。多线程环境下会有数据安全问题

​ 2 ，Hashtable是线程安全的，但是会将整张表锁起来，效率低下

​ 3，ConcurrentHashMap也是线程安全的，效率较高。 在JDK7和JDK8中，底层原理不一样。

代码实现 :

package com.itheima.mymap;

import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

public class MyConcurrentHashMapDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ConcurrentHashMap<String, String> hm = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(100);

        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
                hm.put(i + "", i + "");
            }
        });


        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 25; i < 51; i++) {
                hm.put(i + "", i + "");
            }
        });

        t1.start();
        t2.start();

        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        //为了t1和t2能把数据全部添加完毕
        Thread.sleep(1000);

        //0-0 1-1 ..... 50- 50

        for (int i = 0; i < 51; i++) {
            System.out.println(hm.get(i + ""));
        }//0 1 2 3 .... 50
    }
}

1.3 并发工具类-CountDownLatch

CountDownLatch类 :

方法	解释
public CountDownLatch(int count)	参数传递线程数，表示等待线程数量
public void await()	让线程等待
public void countDown()	当前线程执行完毕

使用场景： 让某一条线程等待其他线程执行完毕之后再执行

代码实现 :

package com.itheima.mycountdownlatch;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class ChileThread1 extends Thread {

    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
    public ChileThread1(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //1.吃饺子
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            System.out.println(getName() + "在吃第" + i + "个饺子");
        }
        //2.吃完说一声
        //每一次countDown方法的时候，就让计数器-1
        countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

package com.itheima.mycountdownlatch;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class ChileThread2 extends Thread {

    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
    public ChileThread2(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //1.吃饺子
        for (int i = 1; i <= 15; i++) {
            System.out.println(getName() + "在吃第" + i + "个饺子");
        }
        //2.吃完说一声
        //每一次countDown方法的时候，就让计数器-1
        countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

package com.itheima.mycountdownlatch;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class ChileThread3 extends Thread {

    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
    public ChileThread3(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //1.吃饺子
        for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
            System.out.println(getName() + "在吃第" + i + "个饺子");
        }
        //2.吃完说一声
        //每一次countDown方法的时候，就让计数器-1
        countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

package com.itheima.mycountdownlatch;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class MotherThread extends Thread {
    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
    public MotherThread(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //1.等待
        try {
            //当计数器变成0的时候，会自动唤醒这里等待的线程。
            countDownLatch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //2.收拾碗筷
        System.out.println("妈妈在收拾碗筷");
    }
}

package com.itheima.mycountdownlatch;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class MyCountDownLatchDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建CountDownLatch的对象，需要传递给四个线程。
        //在底层就定义了一个计数器，此时计数器的值就是3
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3);
        //2.创建四个线程对象并开启他们。
        MotherThread motherThread = new MotherThread(countDownLatch);
        motherThread.start();

        ChileThread1 t1 = new ChileThread1(countDownLatch);
        t1.setName("小明");

        ChileThread2 t2 = new ChileThread2(countDownLatch);
        t2.setName("小红");

        ChileThread3 t3 = new ChileThread3(countDownLatch);
        t3.setName("小刚");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

总结 :

​ 1. CountDownLatch(int count)：参数写等待线程的数量。并定义了一个计数器。

​ 2. await()：让线程等待，当计数器为0时，会唤醒等待的线程

​ 3. countDown()： 线程执行完毕时调用，会将计数器-1。

1.4 并发工具类-Semaphore

使用场景 :

​ 可以控制访问特定资源的线程数量。

实现步骤 :

​ 1，需要有人管理这个通道

​ 2，当有车进来了，发通行许可证

​ 3，当车出去了，收回通行许可证

​ 4，如果通行许可证发完了，那么其他车辆只能等着

代码实现 :

package com.itheima.mysemaphore;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
    //1.获得管理员对象，
    private Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(2);
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //2.获得通行证
        try {
            semaphore.acquire();
            //3.开始行驶
            System.out.println("获得了通行证开始行驶");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println("归还通行证");
            //4.归还通行证
            semaphore.release();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package com.itheima.mysemaphore;

public class MySemaphoreDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyRunnable mr = new MyRunnable();

        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            new Thread(mr).start();
        }
    }
}