window编程脉络

windows应用程序编程是一种基于消息的编程。

一般创建一个窗口应用程序， 按以下步骤：

1. winmain函数是windows程序的入口函数。

int WINAPI WinMain(
  HINSTANCE hInstance,      // handle to current instance
  HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,  // handle to previous instance
  LPSTR lpCmdLine,          // command line
  int nCmdShow              // show state
);

2. 创建窗口对象， 并初始化其成员函数。

typedef struct _WNDCLASS { 
    UINT       style; 
    WNDPROC    lpfnWndProc; 
    int        cbClsExtra; 
    int        cbWndExtra; 
    HINSTANCE  hInstance; 
    HICON      hIcon; 
    HCURSOR    hCursor; 
    HBRUSH     hbrBackground; 
    LPCTSTR    lpszMenuName; 
    LPCTSTR    lpszClassName; 
} WNDCLASS, *PWNDCLASS; 

3. 注册窗口对象。

ATOM RegisterClass(
  CONST WNDCLASS *lpWndClass  // class data
);

4. 创建窗口。
HWND CreateWindow(
  LPCTSTR lpClassName,  // registered class name
  LPCTSTR lpWindowName, // window name
  DWORD dwStyle,        // window style
  int x,                // horizontal position of window
  int y,                // vertical position of window
  int nWidth,           // window width
  int nHeight,          // window height
  HWND hWndParent,      // handle to parent or owner window
  HMENU hMenu,          // menu handle or child identifier
  HINSTANCE hInstance,  // handle to application instance
  LPVOID lpParam        // window-creation data
);

5. 显示更新窗口。
BOOL ShowWindow(
  HWND hWnd,     // handle to window
  int nCmdShow   // show state
);

BOOL UpdateWindow(
  HWND hWnd   // handle to window
);

6.消息循环。
BOOL GetMessage(
  LPMSG lpMsg,         // message information
  HWND hWnd,           // handle to window
  UINT wMsgFilterMin,  // first message
  UINT wMsgFilterMax   // last message
);

BOOL TranslateMessage(
  CONST MSG *lpMsg   // message information
);

LRESULT DispatchMessage(
  CONST MSG *lpmsg   // message information
);

如下一个win32的简单窗口应用程序：
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>


LRESULT CALLBACK WinSunProc(
  HWND hwnd, 
  UINT uMsg, 
  WPARAM wParam, 
  LPARAM lParam 
); 

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
                     int       nCmdShow)
{
	WNDCLASS wndcls;
	wndcls.cbClsExtra=0;
	wndcls.cbWndExtra=0;
	wndcls.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
	wndcls.hCursor=	LoadCursor(hInstance,IDC_APPSTARTING);
	wndcls.hIcon=LoadIcon(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndcls.hInstance=hInstance;
	wndcls.lpfnWndProc=WinSunProc;
	wndcls.lpszClassName="river0525";
	wndcls.lpszMenuName=NULL;
	wndcls.style=CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;

	RegisterClass(&wndcls);
	
	HWND hwnd;
	hwnd=CreateWindow("river0525","Lesson 1 by river",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
		NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

	ShowWindow(hwnd,SW_SHOWNORMAL);
	UpdateWindow(hwnd);

	MSG msg;
	while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}

	return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WinSunProc(
  HWND hwnd, 
  UINT uMsg, 
  WPARAM wParam, 
  LPARAM lParam 
  ){
	switch(uMsg)
	{
	case WM_CHAR:
		char temp[64];
		sprintf(temp, "Your input is %d", wParam);
		MessageBox(hwnd, temp, "river",0);
		break;
	case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
		MessageBox(hwnd,"left mouse clicked","river",0);
		HDC ldc;
		ldc=GetDC(hwnd);
		TextOut(ldc,0,80,"我是响应鼠标左键按下操作的",strlen("我是响应左键鼠标按下操作的"));
		ReleaseDC(hwnd,ldc);
		break;
	case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
		MessageBox(hwnd,"right mouse clicked","river",0);
		HDC rdc;
		rdc=GetDC(hwnd);
		TextOut(rdc,0,100,"我是响应鼠标右键按下操作的",strlen("我是响应右键鼠标按下操作的"));
		ReleaseDC(hwnd,rdc);
	case WM_PAINT:
		HDC ddc;
		PAINTSTRUCT ps;
		ddc=BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
		TextOut(ddc,0,50,"我是响应重绘消息的", 
			strlen("我是响应重绘消息的"));
		EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
		break;	
	case WM_CLOSE:
		if(IDYES==MessageBox(hwnd,"是否真的结束？",	"river",MB_YESNO))
		{
			DestroyWindow(hwnd);		
		}
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
	default:
		return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
	}

	return 0;
}
 
MFC-----Microsoft Foundation Classes
MFC编写win32应用程序基本脉络和上面是一样的。
但是我们用Wizard新建程序时， Wizard都替我们把这些事情都做好了。
我们只要基于它的框架进行修改和消息循环操作即可。
MFC更能体现出面向对象的编程思维。
如我们进行窗口应用程序编程时， 主要就是对窗口类的设计和操作。