python基础知识（十一）

字典
格式：{“key1”：“value1”,“key2”：“value2”,…}
eg1:

a = {"name":"nx","age":20}
b=a.get("name","xy")        #如果查找的键字典里有，就用字典里的
print(b)
c=a.get("sex","xy")         #如果查找的键字典里没有，就默认查找的第二项为值输出
print(c)
print(a.keys())               #输出a中所有键为列表形式
print(a.values())             #输出a中所有值为列表形式

结果为：

eg2：

a = {"name":"nx","age":20}
del a["name"]                    #删除字典中的键
print(a)

for k in a.keys():               #遍历a中的键
    print(k,":",a[k])
for x,y in a.items():             #键和值都在（项）中遍历
    print(x,":",y)
    
a.clear()                           #清空字典
print(a)
b = a.pop("name")                   #删除name键，并将值付给b
print(a)
print(b)

b = a.popitem()                     #从最后开始删除一个键和值，栈的先进后出思想
print(a)
print(b)

b = a.pop("name","李四")             #字典里有的键，就删除字典里的
print(a,b)
c = a.pop("sex","男")                #字典里没有的键，就默认删除第二项值
print(a,c)

练习1：随机字符串三角形排列

a = input("请输入一个字符串：")
hs = 1
gs = 0
for i in range(len(a)):
    print(a[i],end=" ")
    gs = gs + 1
    if gs == hs:
        print()
        gs = 0
        hs = hs + 1

结果为：

2.传送带循环、停顿一秒

import time
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
while True:
    t = a[0]
    i = 0
    while i < len(a)-1:
        a[i] = a[i+1]
        i = i+1
    a[len(a)-1] = t
    print(a)
    time.sleep(1)

结果为：

3.字符串切片

a = "123456789"
start = int(input("请输入开始值："))
end = int(input("请输入结尾值："))
step = int(input("请输入步长："))
# 1.while循环
i = start
while i < end:
    print(a[i],end=" ")
    i = i+step

结果为：

4.列表偶数乘十

a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
#for循环
for i in range(0,len(a),2):
    if i+1 >= len(a):
        break
    a[i+1] = a[i+1] *10
print(a)
#while循环
i = 1
while i < len(a):
    a[i] = a[i]*10
    i = i+2
print(a)

结果为：

4.切片输出字符串

a = "20189-1031-022"
c = []
i = 0
b = 0
while i < len(a):
    if a[i]=="-":
        c.append(b)
        b = 0
        i = i+1
        continue
    b = b*10+int(a[i])
    i = i+1
    if i == len(a):
        c.append(b)
        break
print(c)

结果为：