95. Unique Binary Search Trees II

1. 问题描述
   Given an integer n, generate all structurally unique BST’s (binary search trees) that store values 1…n.

   For example,
   Given n = 3, your program should return all 5 unique BST’s shown below.

   1         3     3      2      1
   \       /     /      / \      \
    3     2     1      1   3      2
   /     /       \                 \
   2     1         2                 3
   

2. 解决思路。
   参见96.Unique Binary Search Trees，第96题要求的是二叉搜索树有多少棵，这个就很简单，分析一下就可以知道它的答案是卡特兰数。对于 1<= i <= n. 我们以i为节点，比它小的数字进行构造左边的二叉搜索树，比它大的进行构造右边的二叉搜索树。这样的情况有f(i-1)*f(n-i)。这个显然就是卡特兰数的问题了。
   这题也是一样的思路，利用递归构造子树数组即可。

3. 代码

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<TreeNode*> generateTrees(int n) {
        if ( n == 0)
            return vector<TreeNode*>();
        vector<int> nums(n,0);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            nums[i] = i + 1;
        }
        return helper(nums);
    }

    vector<TreeNode*> helper(vector<int>nums) {
        if (nums.size() == 0) {
            TreeNode* leaf = NULL;
            vector<TreeNode*> result;
            result.push_back(leaf);
            return result;
        }
        if (nums.size() == 1) {
            TreeNode* leaf = new TreeNode(nums[0]);
            vector<TreeNode*> result;
            result.push_back(leaf);
            return result;
        }
        vector<TreeNode*> result;
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            vector<int> left(i);
            if (i != 0)
                copy(nums.begin(),nums.begin()+i,left.begin());
            vector<int> right(nums.size()-i-1);
            if (nums.size()-i-1 != 0)
                copy(nums.begin()+i+1,nums.end(),right.begin());
            vector<TreeNode*> l_result = helper(left);
            vector<TreeNode*> r_result = helper(right);
            for (int m = 0; m < l_result.size(); ++m) {
                for (int n = 0; n < r_result.size(); ++n) {
                    TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[i]);
                    root->left = l_result[m];
                    root->right = r_result[n];
                    result.push_back(root);
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
};