Linux下使用信号量来进行进程间通信

贴一篇代码，我们操作系统老师布置的作业，由单信号量，改为一个信号集中多信号量。水平有限，写的不好。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include<sys/mman.h>   //提供了共享内存的相关操作 
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>

union semun {
 	int val;
 	struct semid_ds *buf;
 	unsigned short *array;
} arg;

//生成信号量
//信号量创建
//第一个:同步信号量,表示先后顺序,必须有空间才能生产
//第二个:同步信号量,表示先后顺序,必须有产品才能消费
//第三个:互斥信号量,生产者和每个消费者不能同时进入缓冲区
int sem_creat(key_t key)
{
  	union semun sem[3];
  	int semid;
  	sem[0].val = 5;//最多5个产品
  	sem[1].val=0;
  	sem[2].val=1;
  	semid = semget(key, 3, IPC_CREAT|0666);//三个信号量，空、满、进入缓冲区。
  	if (-1 == semid)
  	{
    		printf("create semaphore error\n");
    		exit(-1);
  	}
  	semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, sem[0]);//初始信号量集中的第一个信号量
  	semctl(semid,1,SETVAL,sem[1]);//第二个
  	semctl(semid,2,SETVAL,sem[2]);//第三个
  	return semid;
}

//删除信号量
void del_sem(int semid)
{
 	union semun sem;
 	sem.val = 0;
 	semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID, sem);
 	semctl(semid, 1, IPC_RMID, sem);
 	semctl(semid, 2, IPC_RMID, sem);
}

//p操作
int p(int semid,int semIndex)
{
 	struct sembuf sops={semIndex, -1, SEM_UNDO};//这里的“semIndex”是信号量集里的信号量序号
 	return (semop(semid, &sops, 1));
}
//v操作
int v(int semid,int semIndex)
{
 	struct sembuf sops={semIndex, +1, SEM_UNDO};//这里的“semIndex”是信号量集里的信号量序号
 	return (semop(semid, &sops, 1));
}

int buffer;
int Num=5;
int *pData;
int value_read = 0, value_write = 0;
int full, empty,all;
int start=0,end=0;

void producer(key_t);
void consumer(int);

int main(void)
{	
	key_t keyFull, keyEmpty,key;
	int fd;
	pid_t pid;
  	void *ptr;   //指向共享内存的指针  

  	/* shm_open是一个POSIX函数，用来打开或创建一个与“/shm”关联的共享内存区 */
	if((fd = shm_open("/shm", O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) == -1)//shmget(...)
	{
		printf("shm_open error\n"); /* 出错提示 */
	}
	if(ftruncate(fd, sizeof(int)*5) == -1) /* 截短共享内存的长度到我们所需要的长度 */
	{
		printf("ftruncate error\n");
	}
	if((ptr = mmap(0, sizeof(int)*5, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)) == MAP_FAILED) /* 将共享内存映射到进程地址空间 */
	{
		printf("mmap error");
	}   
  
	pData = (int *)ptr;
	//keyFull = ftok("/", 0);
  	//keyEmpty = ftok("/", 1);
  	key=ftok("/", 0);
  	//full = sem_creat(keyFull, 0);
  	//empty = sem_creat(keyEmpty, 1);
  	all=sem_creat(key);
	switch(pid = fork())
	{
		case -1: /* 生成子进程失败 */		
			break;
		case 0: /* 子进程 */
			//producer(keyFull, keyEmpty); /* 子进程是生产者 */		
			producer(key);
      			sleep(2);	
			break;
		default:
			//consumer(full, empty); /* 父进程是消费者 */
			consumer(all);
			break;
  	}
  
  	wait(0);
  	shm_unlink("/shm"); /* 删除共享内存区，程序中基本上保证了子进程先退出，因此父进程中无wait操作且这部操作放在父进程这里 */
	//shmctl(shmid,IPC_RMID,&buf);
 	//del_sem(semid);
	return 0;
}

/* 生产者写5次后退出 */
//void producer(key_t keyFull, key_t keyEmpty)
void producer(key_t key)
{
  	//full = semget(keyFull, 3, 0);
  	//empty = semget(keyEmpty, 3, 0);
  	all=semget(key,3,0);

	while(value_write < 10) /* 退出条件判定 */
	{
    		//printf("Prepare Write\n");
		printf("准备写\n");
    		//printf("empty Write P1 : %d\n", semctl(empty, 0, GETVAL, 0));
		p(all,0); //判断是否有空	
		p(all,2);//操作缓冲区
    		//printf("empty Write P2 : %d\n", semctl(empty, 0, GETVAL, 0));	
		value_write++; 
		*(pData+start%Num) = value_write;
		//printf("Write : %5d\n", *(pData+start%Num));
		printf("写 : %5d\n", *(pData+start%Num));		 
		start++; 
    		//printf("full Write V1 : %d\n", semctl(full, 0, GETVAL, 0));  	
		v(all,2);//释放缓冲区
		v(all,1); //通知消费者
    		//printf("full Write V2 : %d\n", semctl(full, 0, GETVAL, 0));
    		//printf("Write Finish\n");
		printf("写结束\n");
    		//sleep(3);
	}
}

/* 消费者读5次后退出 */
//void consumer(int full, int empty)
void consumer(int all)
{
  	while(value_read < 10) /* 退出条件判定 */
	{ 
    		//printf("		Prepare Read\n");
		printf("		准备读\n");
    		//printf("		full Read P1 : %d\n", semctl(full, 0, GETVAL, 0));
		p(all,1);//判断是否有产品
		p(all,2); //操作缓冲区
    		//printf("		full Read P1 : %d\n", semctl(full, 0, GETVAL, 0));	
		//printf("		Read : %5d\n", *(pData+end%Num));	
		printf("		读 : %5d\n", *(pData+end%Num));
    		//printf("		empty Read V1 : %d\n", semctl(empty, 0, GETVAL, 0));	
    		//printf("		empty Read V1 : %d\n", semctl(empty, 0, GETVAL, 0));
    		//value_read ++;
    		//printf("		Read Finish\n");
		printf("		读结束\n");
		if(*(pData+end%Num) == 10)
			exit(0);
		end++;
		v(all,2);//释放缓冲区
		v(all,0);//通知生产者
		//sleep(1);
	}
}
//gcc -lrt p.c (-o 目标文件名)
//./a.out