JavaObject类、数组

三. 面向对象

• Object类

• 查找Object类中的方法：源码/Java类库帮助文档

• protected Object clone() //克隆对象

  int hashCode() //获取对象哈希值

  boolean equals(Object dbj) //判断两个对象是否相等

  String toString() //将对象转换成字符串形式

  protected void finalize() //垃圾回收期负责调用的方法

• API（Application Program Interface）：

  应用程序编程接口，整个JDK类库就是一个javase的API，每个API都会配置一套API帮助文档

1. toString()方法

SUN建议所有子类重写toString()方法

public String toString() {
//toString()方法的默认实现：类名@对象的内存地址转换为十六进制字符串
	return getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
}

public class ToStringTest01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyTime t = new MyTime(2020,11,24);
        System.out.println(t);      //输出引用时，自动调用toString()方法
    }
}
class MyTime{
    public int year,month,day;
    public MyTime(int year, int month, int day) {
        this.year = year;
        this.month = month;
        this.day = day;
    }
    public String toString(){
    	//重载前返回MyTime@1b6d3586，重载后输出2020年11月24日
        return year + "年" + month + "月" + day + "日";
    }
}

2. equals方法

Java中比较基本数据类型数据是否相等用“==”，比较引用数据类型统一用equals方法

public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    return (this == obj);
}

• equals方法的目的：判断两个对象是否相等

public class EqualsTest01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 10;
        System.out.println(a == b);		//输出true
        MyTime t1 = new MyTime(2020,11,25);
        MyTime t2 = new MyTime(2020,11,25);
        //“==”判断两个对象内存地址是否相同
        System.out.println(t1 == t2);		//输出false
        boolean x1 = t1.equals(t2);		//重写equals方法前输出false
        System.out.println(x1);		//重写equals方法后输出true
        MyTime t3 = null;
        System.out.println(t1.equals(t3));		//输出false，未出现空指针异常
    }
}
class MyTime{
    public int year,month,day;
    public MyTime(int year, int month, int day) {
        this.year = year;
        this.month = month;
        this.day = day;
    }
    //覆盖equals方法,当引用所指向的对象保存数据相同时输出true：
    public boolean equals(Object obj){
        if (obj instanceof MyTime){
            MyTime t = (MyTime) obj;
            if (year == t.year && month == t.month && day == t.day){
                return true;
            }
        }return false;
    }
}

• String类的toString()方法和equals方法已经重写

  比较字符串时不能用“==”，必须用equals方法

public class StringTest01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = new String("hello");
        String s2 = new String("hello");
        System.out.println(s1 == s2);       //false
        System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));      //true
        System.out.println(s1.toString());		//输出hello
        System.out.println(s1);		//输出引用时自动调用toString()方法
        String a = "x";
        String b = "x";
        System.out.println(a == b);		//true
    }
}

public class EqualsTest01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s1 = new Student(001,"蓝翔");
        Student s2 = new Student(001,"蓝翔");
        System.out.println(s1 == s2);		//false
        System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));		//true
    }
}
class Student{
    int no;
    String school;
    public Student(int no, String school) {
        this.no = no;
        this.school = school;
    }
    //覆盖toString()方法
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) return true;
        if (obj == null || !(obj instanceof Student)) return false;
        Student s = (Student) obj;
        //判断字符串是否相同时调用equals方法
        return no == s.no && this.school.equals(s.school);
    }
}

• equals方法多层重写

public class EqualsTest02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User u1 = new User("张三",new Address("北京","西城"));
        User u2 = new User("张三",new Address("北京","西城"));
        System.out.println(u1.equals(u2));
    }
}

class User{
    String name;
    Address addr;
    public User(String name,Address addr){
        this.name = name;
        this.addr = addr;
    }
    //如果两个对象姓名、住址相同，表示两个对象相同
    public boolean equals(Object obj){
        if (obj == null || !(obj instanceo