HttpClient的使用——Post方式提交表单和上传文件

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-11 03:55:13 发布

王玉玊

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-11 03:55:13 发布

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分类专栏：安卓学习笔记文章标签： Android开发接送编码数据

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/oWangYu/article/details/29814559

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今天学到了HttpClient的使用，里面最关键的就是将表单和文件已Post方式提交到Java EE的项目中。

1) 再做项目HttpClientDemo前，先写工具类，为以后的项目开发提供方便。

package com.example.httpclientdemo.util;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.FilePart;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.MultipartRequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.Part;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.StringPart;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Environment;

public class NetUtil {
	/**
	 * 该方法可以根据一个url返回一个图片
	 * 
	 * @param address
	 *            得到图片的统一资源定位器地址
	 * @param flag
	 *            是否写入缓存
	 * @return 图片
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static Bitmap getImg(String address, boolean flag) throws Exception {
		// 声明 URL
		URL url = new URL(address);
		// 得到打开的链接
		URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
		conn.setRequestProperty("method", "get");
		conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
		InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();

		ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while ((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
			bos.write(bytes, 0, len);
		}

		byte[] imgBytes = bos.toByteArray();
		OutputStream fos = null;
		if (flag) {
			// 1.根据请求地址得到图片文件名
			int start = address.lastIndexOf("/");
			String iconName = address.substring(start + 1);
			File iconfile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),
					iconName);

			fos = new FileOutputStream(iconfile);
			fos.write(imgBytes);
			fos.flush();
			fos.close();
		}
		return BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(imgBytes, 0, imgBytes.length);

	}

	public static String getHtml(String address) throws Exception {
		// 声明 URL
		URL url = new URL(address);
		// 得到打开的链接
		URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
		conn.setRequestProperty("method", "get");
		conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
		InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
		// 得到网页编码类型
		String contentType = conn.getContentType();
		// 截取等号 = 得到结果如：utf-8、GBK
		String type = contentType.split("=")[1];
		ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while ((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
			bos.write(bytes, 0, len);
		}

		byte[] imgBytes = bos.toByteArray();

		return new String(imgBytes, type);
	}

	public static String getJson(String address) throws Exception {
		// 声明 URL
		URL url = new URL(address);
		// 得到打开的链接
		URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();

		conn.setRequestProperty("method", "get");
		conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
		InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
		ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while ((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
			bos.write(bytes, 0, len);
		}
		byte[] imgBytes = bos.toByteArray();

		return new String(imgBytes);
	}

	public static HttpResponse clientPost(String path,
			NameValuePair... nameValuePairs) throws Exception {
		// 得到模拟http客户端
		HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost(path);
		List<NameValuePair> parameters = Arrays.asList(nameValuePairs);
		HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters, "utf-8");

		post.setEntity(entity);
		HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
		return response;

	}

	public static String clientPostFile(String path, String filepath)
			throws Exception {
		// 得到模拟http客户端
		File file = new File(filepath);

		org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient httpClient = new org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient();
		Part[] parts = { new StringPart("name", "小王子"),
				new StringPart("password", "xiaowangzi"),
				new FilePart("file", file) };

		PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(path);
		postMethod.setRequestEntity(new MultipartRequestEntity(parts,
				postMethod.getParams()));
		httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams()
				.setConnectionTimeout(5000);
		int status = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
		if (status == 200) {
			return new String(postMethod.getResponseBody());
		} else {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("文件不存在，或者文件不存在。。。");
		}

	}

	public static String getStringbyInputStream(InputStream is, String charset)
			throws IOException {
		ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		int len = 0;
		byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];

		while ((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
			bos.write(bytes, 0, len);
		}

		return new String(bos.toByteArray(), charset);

	}

	public static String getStringbyInputStream(InputStream is)
			throws IOException {

		return getStringbyInputStream(is, "utf-8");

	}
}

2) 开发界面main_activity.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/app_title" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_input_name"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="@string/ples_input_name"
        android:lines="1" >
    </EditText>

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_input_pwd"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="@string/ples_input_pwd"
        android:inputType="textPassword"
        android:lines="1" >
    </EditText>

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_input_filedir"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="@string/ples_input_filedir"
        android:lines="1" >
    </EditText>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/bt_post_form"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Post提交表单" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/bt_post_file"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Post提交文件" />
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

3)配置strings.xml和配置config.xml文件内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <string name="app_name">HttpClientDemo</string>
    <string name="action_settings">Settings</string>
    <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
    <string name="app_title">使用HttpClient提交表单</string>
    <string name="ples_input_name">请输入您的用户名</string>
    <string name="ples_input_pwd">请输入您的密码</string>
    <string name="ples_input_filedir">请输入文件路径</string>

</resources>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <string name="url_fromhttp_form">http://10.0.2.2:8080/WebSite/activity/clientPost</string>
    <string name="url_fromhttp_file">http://10.0.2.2:8080/WebSite/upload/testsave</string>

</resources>

4)MainActivity中逻辑代码

package com.example.httpclientdemo;

import java.io.InputStream;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import com.example.httpclientdemo.util.NetUtil;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

	private EditText et_name;
	private EditText et_pwd;
	private EditText et_filedir;
	private Button btn_post_form;
	private Button btn_post_file;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		et_name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_input_name);
		et_pwd = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_input_pwd);
		et_filedir = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_input_filedir);
		btn_post_form = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_post_form);
		btn_post_file = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_post_file);
		btn_post_file.setOnClickListener(this);
		btn_post_form.setOnClickListener(this);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String name = et_name.getText().toString().trim();
		String pwd = et_pwd.getText().toString().trim();
		String path = getResources().getString(R.string.url_fromhttp_form);
		String filepath = et_filedir.getText().toString().trim();
		switch (v.getId()) {
		case R.id.bt_post_form:
			NameValuePair valuePair1 = new BasicNameValuePair("admin.name",
					name);
			NameValuePair valuePair2 = new BasicNameValuePair("admin.password",
					pwd);
			NameValuePair[] valuePairs = { valuePair1, valuePair2 };
			try {
				HttpResponse response = NetUtil.clientPost(path, valuePairs);
				InputStream is = response.getEntity().getContent();
				Toast.makeText(this, NetUtil.getStringbyInputStream(is),
						Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

			} catch (Exception e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				Toast.makeText(this, "网络出错。。。", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			break;
		case R.id.bt_post_file:
			try {
				Toast.makeText(
						this,
						NetUtil.clientPostFile(
								getResources().getString(
										R.string.url_fromhttp_file), filepath),
						1).show();
			} catch (NotFoundException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (Exception e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
}

总结：

安卓开发的核心就是通过接口与远程Web服务的交互，这是安卓应用开发的关键所在。

安卓可以使用HttpClient对象以Get/Post的方式提交数据，并得到响应数据。常用的提交方式为Post提交。而服务器返回常用的则是Json格式。