通道Channel

通道：表示io源与目标打开的连接（本身不存储数据）
  channel类似于传统的流，channel不能直接访问数据，channel只能与buffer进行交互
  通道的主要实现类：java.nio.channels.Channel
     //本地
      FileChannel
      //网络
      //tcp
      SocketChannel
      ServerSocketChannel
      //udp
      DatagramChannel
  获取通道：
 1. java针对支持通道的类选择了getChannel()方法
  本地io
  FileInputStream
  RandomAccessFile
  网络io：
  socket
  ServerSocket
  datagramSocket
 2.在jdk1.7nio2针对各个通道提供了静态方法open（）
 3.在jdk7 中的nio2 files工具类的newByteChannel()
 四：通道之间的数据传输
  transferForm()

  transferTo()

 五：分散（scatter）与聚集（gather）
  分散读取（Scattering Reads）：将通道中的数据分散到多个缓冲区中
  聚集写入（Gather Writes）：将多个缓冲区中的数据聚集到通道中
 六：字符集：charset
  编码---》字符数组
  解码：字符数组--》：字符串

文件复制：

        //传统io流37
	public void test() {
		FileInputStream inputStream = null;
		FileOutputStream outputStream = null;
		FileChannel channel = null;
		FileChannel channel2 = null;
		
		try {
			createfile();
			inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
			outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file1);
			//获取通道
			channel = inputStream.getChannel();
			channel2 = outputStream.getChannel();
			//分配指定大小的缓冲区
			ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
			//读取数据，将通道中的数据读入缓冲区
			while ((channel.read(buffer))!=-1) {
				//将缓冲区中的数据写入通道
				buffer.flip();//切换成读取数据模式
				channel2.write(buffer);
				buffer.clear();
			}
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			try {
				if (outputStream!=null) {
					
					outputStream.close();
				}
				if (outputStream!=null) {
					inputStream.close();			
				}
				if (outputStream!=null) {
					channel2.close();
					
				}
				if (outputStream!=null) {
					
					channel.close();
				}
				
				
				
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			
		}
		
	}

//使用直接缓冲区完成文件的复制（内存映射文件）18
	public void test1() throws IOException {
		FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.doc"),StandardOpenOption.READ);
		FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.doc"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE,StandardOpenOption.READ);
		//内存映射文件
		MappedByteBuffer in = inChannel.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size());
		MappedByteBuffer out = outChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, inChannel.size());
		
		//直接对缓冲区进行数组的读写操作
		byte[] bs = new byte[in.limit()];
		in.get(bs);
		out.put(bs);
		inChannel.close();
		outChannel.close();
		System.out.println("文件复制成功");
		
	}

//通道之间的数据传输 transferTo  39
	public void test2() throws IOException {
		FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("D:/1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
		FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.jpg"),StandardOpenOption.WRITE,StandardOpenOption.READ);
		inChannel.transferTo(0,inChannel.size(),outChannel);
		
		
		outChannel.close();
		inChannel.close();
		System.out.println("文件复制成功");
		
	}
	

//通道之间的数据传输 transferform19
		public void test3() throws IOException {
			FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("D:/1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
			FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/3.jpg"),StandardOpenOption.WRITE,StandardOpenOption.READ);
			outChannel.transferFrom(inChannel, 0, inChannel.size());
			
			
			outChannel.close();
			inChannel.close();
			System.out.println("文件复制成功");
			
		}

//聚集写入，分散读取39
		public void test4() throws IOException {
			RandomAccessFile rAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile("d:/1.jpg", "rw");
			//1.获取通道
			FileChannel channel = rAccessFile.getChannel();
			
			//2.分配指定大小的缓冲区
			ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
			ByteBuffer buffer2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
			//分散读取
			ByteBuffer[] buffers = {buffer,buffer2};
			channel.read(buffers);
			for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : buffers) {
				byteBuffer.flip();
			}
			System.out.println(buffers);
			System.out.println(new String(buffers[0].array(), 0,buffers[0].limit()));
			System.out.println("=================");
			System.out.println(new String(buffers[1].array(), 0,buffers[1].limit()));
			
			//聚集写入
			RandomAccessFile rAccessFile2 = new RandomAccessFile("2.jpg","rw");
			FileChannel channel2 = rAccessFile2.getChannel();
			channel2.write(buffers);
			
		
		}

//charset编解码

public void test5() {
		Map<String, Charset> map = Charset.availableCharsets();
		 Set<Entry<String,Charset>> set = map.entrySet();
		 for (Entry<String, Charset> entry : set) {
			System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"=="+entry.getValue());
			
		}
	}
	
	public void test6() throws CharacterCodingException {
		Charset charset = Charset.forName("GBK");
		//获取编码器
		CharsetEncoder en = charset.newEncoder();
		//获取解码器
		CharsetDecoder de = charset.newDecoder();
		CharBuffer charBuffer = CharBuffer.allocate(1024);
		charBuffer.put("我是array");
		charBuffer.flip();
		ByteBuffer buffer = en.encode(charBuffer);
		for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
			System.out.println(buffer.get());
		}
		System.out.println("===================");
		//解码
		buffer.flip();
		
		CharBuffer cb = de.decode(buffer);
		System.out.println(cb.toString());
	
	}