2020-08-12

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-17 01:40:02 发布

ocnzhao

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-17 01:40:02 发布

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文章标签： ubuntu python linux 机器学习数据挖掘

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ocnzhao/article/details/107963938

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Windows10下ubuntu子系统安装+LXDE+VNC

参考来自：https://www.cnblogs.com/oboth-zl/p/10315500.html

有些在我这里出问题，加了一些操作细节。

安装Linux子系统

目前windows应用商店为win10 提供了多款Linux发行版本，包括Ubuntu、Debian、OpenSUSE等。

这里我安装的Ubuntu系统是bionic，18.04。

1、准备工作

在控制面版中启用Linux子系统，在设置-更新和安全中-开发者选项中切换到开发人员模式

2、开始安装

在Windows应用商店安装一个Linux发行版本，选择的Ubuntu。安装完成后可以在开始菜单找到，点击即可打开。

第一次进入需等待安装完成。如果以前有安装过1804，会出现错误，我这里重启一次就可以继续安装了。不重启的话始终存在一个错误，导致无法安装ubuntu子系统。

根据提示，设置用户名和密码。

设置完成，进入系统。

若需要使用root用户，可通过sudo passwd设置root的密码。

接下来是把软件源修改为国内，因为默认官方源服务器在国外，访问太慢。当然你也可以选择跳过这一步，前提是你不嫌下载软件慢。

源的修改有两种方式：

通过修改源列表，即/etc/apt/sources.list。

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

也可以修改为清华大学或者阿里云的服务器源。

apt-get update

3. 安装图形界面

对于Linux来说使用shell命令行完全满足大部分场景的使用。但是某些情况还是需要图形界面，比如查看图片、视频，浏览网页，UI设计等，这也是我折腾图形界面的原因。

1、安装必要软件包

可以通过执行sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales 选择zh-CN.UTF-8将系统切换为中文环境。

安装桌面、语言包、字体包、输入法等必要软件。

这里选择的是lxde轻量化桌面，个人比较推荐，当然也可以选择xfce，lxqt等其他桌面。使用下面的命令来装轻量级卓桌面

apt-get update

apt-get gedit

apt install fcitx fcitx-googlepinyin

apt install language-pack-gnome-zh-hans

apt install fonts-wqy-zenhei

apt install xorg

apt install lubuntu-core

apt install lxde

尽然鼓捣坏apt，鼓捣坏apt-get ，或者apt-get 出问题的解决办法：

wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt_1.9.4ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb

dpkg -i apt_1.9.4ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb

2、安装远程桌面软件（tigervnc）

受限于Linux子系统实现原理，图形界面无法直接输出到显示器。

这里选择vnc远程桌面来解决，当然你也可以选择其他远程桌面方案。

1）首先下载安装程序：

wget https://bintray.com/tigervnc/stable/download_file?file_path=tigervnc-1.9.0.x86_64.tar.gz

tar -xf download_file?file_path=tigervnc-1.9.0.x86_64.tar.gz

cd tigervnc-1.9.0.x86_64

cd usr/bin/

vncserver:0# 这里还无法启动，这是由于没有安装vnc4server

2）安装vnc4server

apt-get install vnc4server tightvncserver

New 'X' desktop is DESKTOP-xxxxx:1

Creating default startup script /root/.vnc/xstartup

Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup

Log file is /root/.vnc/DESKTOP-写文章-CSDN博客.htm:1.log

vim /root/.vnc/xstartup

加入startlxde&

:wq保存并退出

3）启动vnc4server

# vnc4server

root用户的桌面1和2

New 'DESKTOP-xxxx:2 (root)' desktop is DESKTOP-xxxx:2

Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup

Log file is /root/.vnc/DESKTOP- xxxx :2.log

You will require a password to access your desktops.

Password:

Verify:

Passwords don't match - try again

Password:

Verify:

Password too long - only the first 8 characters will be used

xauth: file /root/.Xauthority does not exist

New 'X' desktop is DESKTOP-xxxx:1

Creating default startup script /root/.vnc/xstartup

Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup

Log file is /root/.vnc/DESKTOP-xxxx:1.log

.vnc中的目录

root@DESKTOP-xxxx:~/.vnc# ls

DESKTOP-xxxx:1.log DESKTOP-xxxx:1.pid DESKTOP-xxxx:2.log DESKTOP-xxxx:2.pid passwd xstartup

重启vnc4server

$ vnc4server -kill :1
$vnc4server

注意：“-kill”和“:1”之间有空格

一般用户的桌面，DESKTOP-xxxx:3

~$ vnc4server

You will require a password to access your desktops.

Password:

Verify:

Password too long - only the first 8 characters will be used

xauth: file /home/xxxx/.Xauthority does not exist

New 'DESKTOP-xxxx:3 (oxxxx)' desktop is DESKTOP-xxxx:3

Creating default startup script /home/oxxxx/.vnc/xstartup

Starting applications specified in /home/oxxxx/.vnc/xstartup

Log file is /home/oxxxx/.vnc/DESKTOP-xxxx:3.log

Xvnc Free Edition 4.1.1 - built Feb 25 2015 23:02:21

See http://www.realvnc.com for information on VNC.

Underlying X server release 40300000, The XFree86 Project, Inc

Wed Aug 12 11:57:38 2020

vncext: VNC extension running!

vncext: Listening for VNC connections on port 5903

vncext: created VNC server for screen 0

error opening security policy file /etc/X11/xserver/SecurityPolicy

Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/, removing from list!

Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/, removing from list!

Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/, removing from list!

Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/, removing from list!

Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/, removing from list!

Could not init font path element /usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/, removing from list!

Could not init font path element /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/, removing from list!

Obt-Message: XKB extension is not present on the server or too old

Obt-Message: Xinerama extension is not present on the server

Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":3".

# Failed to parse arguments: Unknown option --login

See vncserver and Xtightvnc manual pages for more information.

vncserver :0不行

New 'X' desktop is DESKTOP-xxxx:0

Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup

Log file is /root/.vnc/DESKTOP-写文章-CSDN博客.htm:0.log

win下的壁纸路径C:\Windows\Web\Wallpaper挑几张好的复制过去

cd /mnt/c/Windows/Web/Screen

cp *.* /etc/alternatives

然后在vnc中选择一张壁纸即可.

# cd .vnc

root@DESKTOP-xxxx:~/.vnc# ls

DESKTOP-xxxx:0.log DESKTOP-xxxx:0.pid DESKTOP-xxxx:1.log DESKTOP-xxxx:2.log passwd xstartup

root@DESKTOP-xxxx:~/.vnc# vncserver :1

New 'X' desktop is DESKTOP-xxxx:1

Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup

Log file is /root/.vnc/DESKTOP-xxxx:1.log

apt-get install firefox

Anaconda3安装

oxxxx@DESKTOP-xxxx:/mnt/v$ sh ./Anaconda3-2020.07-Linux-x86_64.sh

# PREFIX=/home/oxxxx/anaconda3

Preparing transaction: done

Executing transaction: done

installation finished.

Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3

by running conda init? [yes|no]

[no] >>> yes

./Anaconda3-2020.07-Linux-x86_64.sh: 491: ./Anaconda3-2020.07-Linux-x86_64.sh: [[: not found

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/condabin/conda

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/bin/conda

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/bin/conda-env

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/bin/activate

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/bin/deactivate

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh

no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh

modified /home/oxxxx/.bashrc

==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==

If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup,

set the auto_activate_base parameter to false:

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

Thank you for installing Anaconda3!

===========================================================================

Working with Python and Jupyter notebooks is a breeze with PyCharm

Professional! Code completion, Notebook debugger, VCS support, SSH, Docker,

Databases, and more!

Get a free trial at: https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm

pycharm的安装

wget https://download.jetbrains.8686c.com/python/pycharm-community-2020.2.tar.gz

Unpack the PyCharm distribution archive that you downloaded

where you wish to install the program. We will refer to this

location as your {installation home}.

cd /mnt/v/pycharm-community-2020.2/bin

./pycharm.sh

This will initialize various configuration files in the configuration directory:

~/.config/JetBrains/PyCharmCE2020.2.

3. [OPTIONAL] Add "{installation home}/bin" to your PATH environment

variable so that you can start PyCharm from any directory.

4. [OPTIONAL] To adjust the value of the JVM heap size, create a file pycharm.vmoptions

(or pycharm64.vmoptions if using a 64-bit JDK) in the configuration directory

and set the -Xms and -Xmx parameters. To see how to do this,

you can reference the vmoptions file under "{installation home}/bin" as a model

but do not modify it, add your options to the new file.

[OPTIONAL] Change the location of the "config" and "system" directories

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

By default, PyCharm stores all your settings in the

~/.config/JetBrains/PyCharmCE2020.2 directory

and uses ~/.local/share/JetBrains/PyCharmCE2020.2 as a data cache.

To change the location of these directories:

1. Open a console and cd into ~/.config/JetBrains/PyCharmCE2020.2

2. Create a file idea.properties and set the idea.system.path and idea.config.path variables, for example:

idea.system.path=~/custom/system

idea.config.path=~/custom/config

NOTE: Store the data cache ("system" directory) on a disk with at least 1 GB of free space.

Enjoy!

-PyCharm Development Team

分辨率调整

cvt 1680 900

apt install v86d hwinfo

使用cvt命令生成 xorg.conf下的屏幕分辨率和刷新率(你的可以这样运行sudo cvt 1280 720 75)

远程屏幕大小设置
vim /usr/bin/vncserver

$geometry="1280x1024" --根据客户端电脑屏幕分辨率设置大小

#geometry="1400x900"

#geometry="1560x900" #还不够宽

#geometry="1680x900" # 这个差不多了

kill掉开启的远程

vncserver -kill :0

vncserver -kill :1

启动

vncserver :1

没使用xrandr调整VNC的分辨率，cvt处理出来也讲究能用了。

./pycharm.sh

任意路径打开pycharm.

在终端打开pycharm，然而，在终端打开还有一个问题，就是需要进入pycharm解压的文件夹下，进入bin目录，输入sh pycharm.sh才能打开，这就比较麻烦了。

所以我需要将这个路径也写到~/,bashrc里面，这样在任意路径下都可以直接输入pycharm.sh，就能打开pycharm了！

输入内容如下:

export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"

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2020-08-12

Windows10下ubuntu子系统安装+LXDE+VNC参考来自：https://www.cnblogs.com/oboth-zl/p/10315500.html有些在我这里出问题，加了一些操作细节。安装Linux子系统目前windows应用商店为win10 提供了多款Linux发行版本，包括Ubuntu、Debian、OpenSUSE等。这里我安装的Ubuntu系统是bionic，18.04。1、准备工作在控制面版中启用Linux子系统，在设置-更新和安全中...
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