android-HandlerThread、IntentServer

HandlerThread

我们知道Handler可以进行线程间切换，如果在子线程实现looper的创建与循环，那么就实现了子线程异步操作的消息处理机制，这也就是android 为我们提供的HandlerThread

下面是HandlerThread的使用，每隔2秒更新数据。这里有几点要注意
1、使用HandlerThread的Looper()创建的Handler在接收到信息后，运行在子线程，因此不能直接更新UI
2、在使用HandlerThread的时候，退出Activity是要调用quit()停止looper的。我们知道主线程的looper是不会阻塞线程，那是没有消息会进行休眠。但我们自己使用需要手动退出looper循环

	public class HandlerThreadActivity extends Activity {
    private HandlerThread myHandlerThread;
    private Handler handler;
    private EditText mInput;

    private Handler mainHandler;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_handle_thread);
        mInput = findViewById(R.id.input);
        findViewById(R.id.handler_thread).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
            }
        });


        onCreateHandle();

        Intent intent = new Intent(HandlerThreadActivity.this, MyIntentServer.class);
        intent.putExtra("name", "张===");
        startService(intent);


        mainHandler = new Handler() {
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

                Toast.makeText(HandlerThreadActivity.this, "消息： " + msg.obj + "  线程： " + Thread.currentThread().getName(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                mInput.setText("消息： " + msg.obj + "  线程： " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }
        };

    }


    //线程运行耗时任务，运行完了用handler通知
    private void onCreateHandle() {

        //创建一个线程,线程名字：handler-thread
        myHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("handler-thread");
        //开启一个线程
        myHandlerThread.start();

        //在这个线程中创建一个handler对象
        handler = new Handler(myHandlerThread.getLooper()) {
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                super.handleMessage(msg);
                //这个方法是运行在 handler-thread 线程中的 ，可以执行耗时操作
                Log.i("TAG ", "消息： " + msg.obj + "  线程： " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                mainHandler.sendMessage(mainHandler.obtainMessage(msg.what, msg.obj));
                loopThread();
            }
        };

    }


    private void loopThread() {

        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(1, new Date().getTime() + ""));
    }


    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();

        //释放资源
        myHandlerThread.quit();
        mainHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
    }

}

我们再看看HandlerThread的相关源码
源码还是比较简单的，它就是一个Thread，在调用Looper的相关操作后，就具有了消息队列的功能。当使用这个Thread创建Handler后，由handler发送的消息将能保存在MessageQueue中，之后再发送到handler中进行处理。也就是HandlerThread有一个可以存放任务队列的集合，但HandlerThread的消息处理是串行的。相关注释看下面源码。

public class HandlerThread extends Thread {
    int mPriority;
    int mTid = -1;
    Looper mLooper;
    private @Nullable Handler mHandler;

    public HandlerThread(String name) {
        super(name);
        mPriority = Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructs a HandlerThread.
     * @param name
     * @param priority The priority to run the thread at. The value supplied must be from 
     * {@link android.os.Process} and not from java.lang.Thread.
     */
    public HandlerThread(String name, int priority) {
        super(name);
        mPriority = priority;
    }
    
    /**
     * Call back method that can be explicitly overridden if needed to execute some
     * setup before Looper loops.
     */
    protected void onLooperPrepared() {
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        mTid = Process.myTid();
        Looper.prepare();
        synchronized (this) {
            mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
            //looper创建好后，唤醒等待线程
            notifyAll();
        }
        //设置线程优先级
        Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
        //可以做一些循环前置
        onLooperPrepared();
        Looper.loop();
        mTid = -1;
    }
    
    /**
     * This method returns the Looper associated with this thread. If this thread not been started
     * or for any reason isAlive() returns false, this method will return null. If this thread
     * has been started, this method will block until the looper has been initialized.  
     * @return The looper.
     */
    public Looper getLooper() {
        //如果线程已经死亡，返回null
        if (!isAlive()) {
            return null;
        }
        
        // If the thread has been started, wait until the looper has been created.
        //如果线程已经启动，mLooper还没有创建，那么等待mLooper创建
        synchronized (this) {
            while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {
                try {
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        }
        return mLooper;
    }


    /**
     * @return a shared {@link Handler} associated with this thread
     * 这是一个内部方法，常规下我们无法调用
     * @hide  
     */
    @NonNull
    public Handler getThreadHandler() {
        if (mHandler == null) {
            mHandler = new Handler(getLooper());
        }
        return mHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Quits the handler thread's looper.
     * <p>
     * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate without processing any
     * more messages in the message queue.
     * </p><p>
     * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
     * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
     * </p><p class="note">
     * Using this method may be unsafe because some messages may not be delivered
     * before the looper terminates.  Consider using {@link #quitSafely} instead to ensure
     * that all pending work is completed in an orderly manner.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the
     * thread had not yet started running.
     *
     * @see #quitSafely
     * 退出处理程序线程的循环器，不管消息有没有处理
     */
    public boolean quit() {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quit();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Quits the handler thread's looper safely.
     * <p>
     * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate as soon as all remaining messages
     * in the message queue that are already due to be delivered have been handled.
     * Pending delayed messages with due times in the future will not be delivered.
     * </p><p>
     * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
     * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
     * </p><p>
     * If the thread has not been started or has finished (that is if
     * {@link #getLooper} returns null), then false is returned.
     * Otherwise the looper is asked to quit and true is returned.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the
     * thread had not yet started running.
     * 将没有处理完的非延迟消息进行处理，处理完后退出
     */
    public boolean quitSafely() {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quitSafely();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the identifier of this thread. See Process.myTid().
     */
    public int getThreadId() {
        return mTid;
    }
}
	

IntentServer

在android中有一个HandlerThread的经典使用，那就是IntentServer。在上面我们就使用了IntentServer来打印数据.

	public class MyIntentServer extends IntentService {


    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.e("LOG", "onCreate thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + ",thread name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

        Log.i("LOG", "===onCreate=====");
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i("LOG", "===onStartCommand=====");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
        Log.i("LOG", "===onStart=====");
        super.onStart(intent, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.i("LOG", "===onDestroy============================");
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("LOG", "===onBind=====");
        return super.onBind(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("LOG", "===onRebind=====");
        super.onRebind(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("LOG", "===onUnbind=====");
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
     */
    public MyIntentServer() {
        super("MyIntentServer");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        String name = intent.getStringExtra("name");
        onPrint(name);
        Log.e("LOG", "onHandleIntent intent = " + intent.getStringExtra("params") + "  thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + ",name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

    }

    private void onPrint(String name) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {

                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                Log.i("LOG", "========" + Thread.currentThread().getName());

            }
        }, name);


        thread.start();
    }


}

运行一次打印的数据

根据打印可以看出，onHandleIntent()方法执行线程和onCreate()方法是不在一个线程的，并且每次点击启动startService(),执行周期都是onCreate()、 onStartCommand() 、onStart()、 onHandleIntent() 、 onDestroy()，每次执行后调用onDestroy()方法,IntentServer处理消息的串行的，如果要在后台进行高并发建议使用Server，然后自己实现异步任务。

再看看IntentServer源码

1. 在onCreate()创建HandlerThread,使用其looper创建ServiceHandler(ServiceHandler其实就是handler)
2. 当我们启动Server的时候，执行onStart()方法，得到intent并封装成Message,发送到mServiceHandler。
3. mServiceHandler的handleMessage处理消息，调用onHandleIntent方法，也就是我们实现的抽象方法。并调用父类Server的stopSelf()停止服务,具体的停止服务会用到Binder来跟应用程序进行通信，这个后面再讲解。
4. 调用 onDestroy（）时候，退出循环mServiceLooper.quit()，这个很关键，不然线程一直运行。

public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
    private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
    private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
    private String mName;
    private boolean mRedelivery;

    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
     *
     * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
     */
    public IntentService(String name) {
        super();
        mName = name;
    }

    /**
     * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor
     * with your preferred semantics.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is true,
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before
     * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted
     * and the intent redelivered.  If multiple Intents have been sent, only
     * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is false (the default),
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent
     * dies along with it.
     */
    public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
        mRedelivery = enabled;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
        // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

        super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    /**
     * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
     * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
     * receives a start request.
     * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
     */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }

    /**
     * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
     * method, because the default implementation returns null.
     * @see android.app.Service#onBind
     */
    @Override
    @Nullable
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
     * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
     * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
     * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
     * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
     * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
     * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
     *
     * @param intent The value passed to {@link
     *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
     *               This may be null if the service is being restarted after
     *               its process has gone away; see
     *               {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand}
     *               for details.
     */
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);
}

到这里Handler的相关知识点就讲完了。附上其余几篇handler的理解

android-Handler源码解析
android-重新理解Handler
android-更新UI的几种方式
android-HandlerThread、IntentServer