python装饰器

1. 不带参的装饰器

以下实现打印函数的执行时间为例, 分别用函数装饰器和类装饰器实现

函数装饰器

import time
from functools import wraps

def func_time(func):
	@wraps(func)
	def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
		start = time.time()
		res = func(*args, **kwargs)
		print(time.time() - start)
		return res
	return wrapper

测试例子:

@func_time
def test_func():
    time.sleep(1)

> test_func()

类装饰器

import time
from functools import wraps

class FuncTime:
	def __init__(self):
		"""class decorator"""
	
	def __call__(self, func):
		@wraps(func)
		def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
			start = time.time()
			res = func(*args, **kwargs)
			print(time.time() - start)
			return res
		return wrapper

测试例子:

@FuncTime()
def test_func():
    time.sleep(1)

> test_func()

2. 带参的装饰器

实现一个重试功能的装饰器

函数装饰器

import time
from functools import wraps


def retry(n: int):
    def decorator(func):
        @wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            count = 0
            while count < n:
                count += 1
                try:
	                return func(*args, **kwargs)
	            except Exception as e:
	                print(e)
        return wrapper
    return decorator

类装饰器

from functools import wraps


class Retry:
    """retry many times"""
    def __init__(self, n):
        self._n = n

	def __call__(self, func):
	    @wraps(func)
	    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
	        count = 0
	        while count < self._n:
	            count += 1
	            try:
	                return func(*args, **kwargs)
	            except Exception as e:
	                print(e)
	    return wrapper

暂时不做示例测试, 有看到错误或者更好的方法的小伙伴, 欢迎交流指正