Android 开源框架之 Android-async-http 源码解读

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-07 14:04:02 发布

Omni-Space

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-07 14:04:02 发布

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分类专栏： Android深度探索 HTTP &amp; HTTPS Android-async-http 文章标签： Android async http client android-async-http

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开源项目链接

Android-async-http仓库：https://github.com/loopj/android-async-http

android-async-http主页：http://loopj.com/android-async-http/（估计需要翻墙）

开源项目简介

该框架是基于Apache HttpClient API 用于Android开发的一个异步并发的网络请求库，所以的网络请求都是在非UI线程中执行，请求的结果都是通过接口回调，利用Android的Handler+Message机制来从非UI线程中获得。

开源框架的主要常用特征

1.支持HTTP网络异步请求，通过接口回调获得请求结果。
2.HTTP请求全部发生在非UI线程中。
3.使用线程池（ThreadPool）并发请求支援。
4.支持GET/POST 参数请求（RequestParams：封装参数类）。
5.无需第三方lib，支持上传文件。
6.支持网络自动连接，网络断开重连机制。
7.支持关联Activity生命周期取消网络请求。

开源框架使用实例

AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();
client.get("http://www.baidu.com", new AsyncHttpResponseHandler() {

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        // called before request is started
    }

    @Override
    public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] response) {
        // called when response HTTP status is "200 OK"
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailure(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] errorResponse, Throwable e) {
        // called when response HTTP status is "4XX" (eg. 401, 403, 404)
    }

    @Override
    public void onRetry(int retryNo) {
        // called when request is retried
    }
});
   
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不过在一个完整的项目中官网不建议以上的使用方式，官网建议创建一个 static 的 HttpClient，如下：

public class TwitterRestClient {
  private static final String BASE_URL = "http://api.twitter.com/1/";

  private static AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();

  public static void get(String url, RequestParams params, AsyncHttpResponseHandler responseHandler) {
      client.get(getAbsoluteUrl(url), params, responseHandler);
  }

  public static void post(String url, RequestParams params, AsyncHttpResponseHandler responseHandler) {
      client.post(getAbsoluteUrl(url), params, responseHandler);
  }

  private static String getAbsoluteUrl(String relativeUrl) {
      return BASE_URL + relativeUrl;
  }
}
   
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然后在客户端很简单的使用上面的方法，代码如下：

class TwitterRestClientUsage {
    public void getPublicTimeline() throws JSONException {
        TwitterRestClient.get("statuses/public_timeline.json", null, new JsonHttpResponseHandler() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, JSONObject response) {
                // If the response is JSONObject instead of expected JSONArray
            }

            @Override
            public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, JSONArray timeline) {
                // Pull out the first event on the public timeline
                JSONObject firstEvent = timeline.get(0);
                String tweetText = firstEvent.getString("text");

                // Do something with the response
                System.out.println(tweetText);
            }
        });
    }
}
   
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这样就免去了多次网络请求创建多个HttpClient实例了。

带参数的POST请求

该框架支持带参数网络请求，使用参数封装类RequestParams。代码示例：

class TwitterRestClientUsage {

    //普通参数封装
    RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
    params.put("key", "value");
    params.put("more", "data");

    //上传文件参数封装

    File myFile = new File("/path/to/file.png");
    RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
    try {
        params.put("profile_picture", myFile);
    } catch(FileNotFoundException e) {}

    //上传流参数封装

    InputStream myInputStream = blah;
    RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
    params.put("secret_passwords", myInputStream, "passwords.txt");


    public void getPublicTimeline() throws JSONException {
        TwitterRestClient.post("statuses/public_timeline.json", params, new JsonHttpResponseHandler() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, JSONObject response) {
                // If the response is JSONObject instead of expected JSONArray
            }

            @Override
            public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, JSONArray timeline) {
                // Pull out the first event on the public timeline
                JSONObject firstEvent = timeline.get(0);
                String tweetText = firstEvent.getString("text");

                // Do something with the response
                System.out.println(tweetText);
            }
        });
    }
}
   
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源码解读框架请求的原理

1.从实例化对象开始

    /**
     * Creates a new AsyncHttpClient with default constructor arguments values
     */
    public AsyncHttpClient() {
        this(false, 80, 443);
    }

    /**
     *所有的构造方法最后都跳转到这里，三个参数的含义如下
     * Creates new AsyncHttpClient using given params
     *
     * @param fixNoHttpResponseException 是否添加SSL安全验证？默认的是false
     * @param httpPort                   HTTP 端口，默认80
     * @param httpsPort                  HTTPS 端口，默认443
     */
    public AsyncHttpClient(boolean fixNoHttpResponseException, int httpPort, int httpsPort) {
        this(getDefaultSchemeRegistry(fixNoHttpResponseException, httpPort, httpsPort));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new AsyncHttpClient.
     * 这个构造方法中配置网络请求参数，比如链接超时，最大连接数，线程池创建，网络重连机制等
     * @param schemeRegistry SchemeRegistry to be used
     */
public AsyncHttpClient(SchemeRegistry schemeRegistry) {

        BasicHttpParams httpParams = new BasicHttpParams();

       ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(httpParams, connectTimeout);
     ConnManagerParams.setMaxConnectionsPerRoute(httpParams, new ConnPerRouteBean(maxConnections));
        ConnManagerParams.setMaxTotalConnections(httpParams, DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS);

        HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, responseTimeout);
        HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, connectTimeout);
        HttpConnectionParams.setTcpNoDelay(httpParams, true);
        HttpConnectionParams.setSocketBufferSize(httpParams, DEFAULT_SOCKET_BUFFER_SIZE);

        HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(httpParams, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);

        ClientConnectionManager cm = createConnectionManager(schemeRegistry, httpParams);
        Utils.asserts(cm != null, "Custom implementation of #createConnectionManager(SchemeRegistry, BasicHttpParams) returned null");

        //执行网络请求的线程池，从代码看，这是一个并发请求的线程池。
        threadPool = getDefaultThreadPool();
        requestMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Context, List<RequestHandle>>());
        clientHeaderMap = new HashMap<String, String>();

        httpContext = new SyncBasicHttpContext(new BasicHttpContext());
        httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(cm, httpParams);
        httpClient.addRequestInterceptor(new HttpRequestInterceptor() {
            @Override
            public void process(HttpRequest request, HttpContext context) {
                if (!request.containsHeader(HEADER_ACCEPT_ENCODING)) {
                    request.addHeader(HEADER_ACCEPT_ENCODING, ENCODING_GZIP);
                }
                for (String header : clientHeaderMap.keySet()) {
                    if (request.containsHeader(header)) {
                        Header overwritten = request.getFirstHeader(header);
                        Log.d(LOG_TAG,
                                String.format("Headers were overwritten! (%s | %s) overwrites (%s | %s)",
                                        header, clientHeaderMap.get(header),
                                        overwritten.getName(), overwritten.getValue())
                        );

                        //remove the overwritten header
                        request.removeHeader(overwritten);
                    }
                    request.addHeader(header, clientHeaderMap.get(header));
                }
            }
        });

        httpClient.addResponseInterceptor(new HttpResponseInterceptor() {
            @Override
            public void process(HttpResponse response, HttpContext context) {
                final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                if (entity == null) {
                    return;
                }
                final Header encoding = entity.getContentEncoding();
                if (encoding != null) {
                    for (HeaderElement element : encoding.getElements()) {
                        if (element.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(ENCODING_GZIP)) {
                            response.setEntity(new InflatingEntity(entity));
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        });

        httpClient.addRequestInterceptor(new HttpRequestInterceptor() {
            @Override
            public void process(final HttpRequest request, final HttpContext context) throws HttpException, IOException {
                AuthState authState = (AuthState) context.getAttribute(ClientContext.TARGET_AUTH_STATE);
                CredentialsProvider credsProvider = (CredentialsProvider) context.getAttribute(
                        ClientContext.CREDS_PROVIDER);
                HttpHost targetHost = (HttpHost) context.getAttribute(ExecutionContext.HTTP_TARGET_HOST);

                if (authState.getAuthScheme() == null) {
                    AuthScope authScope = new AuthScope(targetHost.getHostName(), targetHost.getPort());
                    Credentials creds = credsProvider.getCredentials(authScope);
                    if (creds != null) {
                        authState.setAuthScheme(new BasicScheme());
                        authState.setCredentials(creds);
                    }
                }
            }
        }, 0);

        //网络出错重连机制
        httpClient.setHttpRequestRetryHandler(new RetryHandler(DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES, DEFAULT_RETRY_SLEEP_TIME_MILLIS));
    }
   
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2.GET/POST网络请求

由源码看出，所有的网络请求都会跳转到这个方法 sendRequest();，我们进入代码世界看看它里面都干了些啥？

protected RequestHandle sendRequest(DefaultHttpClient client, HttpContext httpContext, HttpUriRequest uriRequest, String contentType, ResponseHandlerInterface responseHandler, Context context) {
        //代码写的很严谨，判断参数是否有效，值得学习。
        if (uriRequest == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("HttpUriRequest must not be null");
        }

        if (responseHandler == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ResponseHandler must not be null");
        }

        if (responseHandler.getUseSynchronousMode() && !responseHandler.getUsePoolThread()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Synchronous ResponseHandler used in AsyncHttpClient. You should create your response handler in a looper thread or use SyncHttpClient instead.");
        }

        if (contentType != null) {
            if (uriRequest instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase && ((HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase) uriRequest).getEntity() != null) {
                Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Passed contentType will be ignored because HttpEntity sets content type");
            } else {
                uriRequest.setHeader(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, contentType);
            }
        }

        responseHandler.setRequestHeaders(uriRequest.getAllHeaders());
        responseHandler.setRequestURI(uriRequest.getURI());

        //创建一个异步网络请求AsyncHttpRequest类实例，这个类继承自Runnable，实现了run（）方法。
        //方法里面是真正的网络请求数据的过程，内具怎么做呢？等下我们去看看。
        AsyncHttpRequest request = newAsyncHttpRequest(client, httpContext, uriRequest, contentType, responseHandler, context);

        //重点啊，异步网络请求线程被提交给线程池，让线程池来实现网络的并发请求。
        threadPool.submit(request);

        //网络请求控制类，用于客户端取消正在执行的网络请求。
        RequestHandle requestHandle = new RequestHandle(request);

        /**只有当AsyncHttpClient与Activity关联起来了才保存网络请求requestHandle 
        用于客户端控制网络的请求
        */
        if (context != null) {
            List<RequestHandle> requestList;
            // Add request to request map
            synchronized (requestMap) {
                requestList = requestMap.get(context);
                if (requestList == null) {
                    requestList = Collections.synchronizedList(new LinkedList<RequestHandle>());
                    requestMap.put(context, requestList);
                }
            }

            requestList.add(requestHandle);

            Iterator<RequestHandle> iterator = requestList.iterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                if (iterator.next().shouldBeGarbageCollected()) {
                    iterator.remove();
                }
            }
        }

        return requestHandle;
    }
   
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3.AsyncHttpRequest的实现

真正执行网络请求的地方是 AsyncHttpRequest类，该类继承自 Runnable接口，实现线程的run()方法。
内部具体怎么实现的，我们进去看看run（）方法的代码：

 @Override
    public void run() {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            return;
        }

        // Carry out pre-processing for this request only once.
        if (!isRequestPreProcessed) {
            isRequestPreProcessed = true;
            /**执行网络请求前的准备操作，默认是个空方法，
            如果客户需要在执行网络请求前做一些准备工作，且很耗时的话，可以在外部重写这个空方法。
            */
            onPreProcessRequest(this);
        }

        if (isCancelled()) {
            return;
        }

        /*responseHandler ：ResponseHandlerInterface接口的实例，用于接收网络请求结果。具体实现
        等会一一分析。这里通过ResponseHandlerInterface接口回调告诉UI线程，网络请求线程开始网络请求
        了。
        */
        responseHandler.sendStartMessage();

        if (isCancelled()) {
            return;
        }

        try {
            /**
            这里是真正执行网络请求的入口。
            */
            makeRequestWithRetries();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            if (!isCancelled()) {
                //如果网络请求异常，将失败结果通过ResponseHandlerInterface接口回调告诉UI线程。
                responseHandler.sendFailureMessage(0, null, null, e);
            } else {
                Log.e("AsyncHttpRequest", "makeRequestWithRetries returned error", e);
            }
        }

        if (isCancelled()) {
            return;
        }

        //这里通过ResponseHandlerInterface接口回调告诉UI线程，网络请求线程结束网络请求。
        responseHandler.sendFinishMessage();

        if (isCancelled()) {
            return;
        }

        // Carry out post-processing for this request.
        onPostProcessRequest(this);

        //标志网络请求完成。
        isFinished = true;
    }
    .............................


    //真正的网络请求，其中省略很多代码，直接看重点就是makeRequest()方法了。
    private void makeRequestWithRetries() throws IOException {
        boolean retry = true;
        IOException cause = null;
        HttpRequestRetryHandler retryHandler = client.getHttpRequestRetryHandler();
        try {
        .....................
            while (retry) {
                try {
                    makeRequest();
                    return;
                } 
        ....................
    }

private void makeRequest() throws IOException {
       ...............................

        if (responseHandler instanceof RangeFileAsyncHttpResponseHandler) {
            ((RangeFileAsyncHttpResponseHandler) responseHandler).updateRequestHeaders(request);
        }

        //终于到了，唉，是不是感觉有点熟悉，网络请求获得结果。
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(request, context);

        if (isCancelled()) {
            return;
        }

        // Carry out pre-processing for this response.
        responseHandler.onPreProcessResponse(responseHandler, response);

        if (isCancelled()) {
            return;
        }

        // The response is ready, handle it.

        /**网络请求通过ResponseHandlerInterface接口回调将请求的结果拿到。 
        那么到这里，我们是不是对
        ResponseHandlerInterface怎么将这些网络请求结果告诉UI线程的呢？？？ 
        那么接下来，我们去分析下AsyncHttpResponseHandler类吧， 
        至于怎么就跳到这个类了呢？接下来看下面一点。
        */
        responseHandler.sendResponseMessage(response);

        if (isCancelled()) {
            return;
        }

        // Carry out post-processing for this response.
        responseHandler.onPostProcessResponse(responseHandler, response);
    }
   
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4.AsyncHttpResponseHandler类
继承自ResponseHandlerInterface类，用来接收网络请求的结果，一般重写onSuccess及onFailure接收请求成功或失败的消息，还有onStart，onFinish等消息。
我们使用该框架的时候有一个参数，那就是AsyncHttpResponseHandler了，比如：

AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();
client.get("http://www.google.com", new AsyncHttpResponseHandler() {
..............
    @Override
    public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] response) {
        // called when response HTTP status is "200 OK"
    }
    @Override
    public void onFailure(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] errorResponse, Throwable e) {
        // called when response HTTP status is "4XX" (eg. 401, 403, 404)
    }
 ..............
});
   
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就实现了AsyncHttpResponseHandler类的抽象方法。那么我们来看看这个类是怎么实现的？
在这里类里面，我们找到了这么一段代码

/**
     * Avoid leaks by using a non-anonymous handler class.
     */
    private static class ResponderHandler extends Handler {
        private final AsyncHttpResponseHandler mResponder;

        ResponderHandler(AsyncHttpResponseHandler mResponder, Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
            this.mResponder = mResponder;
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            mResponder.handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }
   
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这是一个内部Handler类，实现了Handler+Message消息处理机制用来进行子线程和UI线程通信。
既然是Handler消息处理机制，那么我们看看在这个类中哪里使用了该内部类发送消息？？跟踪代码如下：

....................

 @Override
    public void setUseSynchronousMode(boolean sync) {
        // A looper must be prepared before setting asynchronous mode.
        if (!sync && looper == null) {
            sync = true;
            Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Current thread has not called Looper.prepare(). Forcing synchronous mode.");
        }

        // If using asynchronous mode.
        if (!sync && handler == null) {
            // Create a handler on current thread to submit tasks
            //创建当前UI线程的Handler，用来发送异步任务结果给UI线程
            handler = new ResponderHandler(this, looper);
        } else if (sync && handler != null) {
            // TODO: Consider adding a flag to remove all queued messages.
            handler = null;
        }

        useSynchronousMode = sync;
    }
 ...........................

protected void sendMessage(Message msg) {
        if (getUseSynchronousMode() || handler == null) {
            handleMessage(msg);
        } else if (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) { 
        /*
         do not send messages if request has been cancelled
        */
            Utils.asserts(handler != null, "handler should not be null!");
            handler.sendMessage(msg);
        }
    }

   
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在这个方法sendMessage()方法中调用了Handler的handler.sendMessage()方法。将异步任务结果发送给了UI线程。那到底哪里调用了这个方法呢？继续看代码发现：AsyncHttpResponseHandler类实现的接口方法

 @Override
    final public void sendSuccessMessage(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] responseBytes) {
        sendMessage(obtainMessage(SUCCESS_MESSAGE, new Object[]{statusCode, headers, responseBytes}));
    }
   
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这个接口是在AsyncHttpRequest子线程中被回调的，因此这里的

sendMessage(obtainMessage(SUCCESS_MESSAGE, new Object[]{statusCode, headers, responseBytes}));
   
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是在子线程中执行的，将回调的结果通过handler发送到UI线程中。

最后，所有的消息处理都跳转到这个方法：

 // Methods which emulate android's Handler and Message methods
    protected void handleMessage(Message message) {
        Object[] response;

        try {
            switch (message.what) {
                case SUCCESS_MESSAGE:
                    response = (Object[]) message.obj;
                    if (response != null && response.length >= 3) {
                        onSuccess((Integer) response[0], (Header[]) response[1], (byte[]) response[2]);
                    } else {
                        Log.e(LOG_TAG, "SUCCESS_MESSAGE didn't got enough params");
                    }
                    break;
                case FAILURE_MESSAGE:
                    response = (Object[]) message.obj;
                    if (response != null && response.length >= 4) {
                        onFailure((Integer) response[0], (Header[]) response[1], (byte[]) response[2], (Throwable) response[3]);
                    } else {
                        Log.e(LOG_TAG, "FAILURE_MESSAGE didn't got enough params");
                    }
                    break;
                case START_MESSAGE:
                    onStart();
                    break;
                case FINISH_MESSAGE:
                    onFinish();
                    break;
                case PROGRESS_MESSAGE:
                    response = (Object[]) message.obj;
                    if (response != null && response.length >= 2) {
                        try {
                            onProgress((Integer) response[0], (Integer) response[1]);
                        } catch (Throwable t) {
                            Log.e(LOG_TAG, "custom onProgress contains an error", t);
                        }
                    } else {
                        Log.e(LOG_TAG, "PROGRESS_MESSAGE didn't got enough params");
                    }
                    break;
                case RETRY_MESSAGE:
                    response = (Object[]) message.obj;
                    if (response != null && response.length == 1) {
                        onRetry((Integer) response[0]);
                    } else {
                        Log.e(LOG_TAG, "RETRY_MESSAGE didn't get enough params");
                    }
                    break;
                case CANCEL_MESSAGE:
                    onCancel();
                    break;
            }
        } catch(Throwable error) {
            onUserException(error);
        }
    }
   
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这里面调用了抽象方法 onSuccess和onFailure方法，让客户端去实现。至此，客户端通过实现
onSuccess和onFailure方法抽象方法来获得网络请求的结果。
源码分析大致如此。

开源框架总结：

几个关键的类：

1.AsyncHttpRequest：
    继承自Runnabler，被线程池submit执行，用于真正执行网络异步请求的子线程。

2.ResponseHandlerInterface：
    网络请求接口回调，用于将网络请求结果通过接口的方式回调给UI线程。

3.AsyncHttpResponseHandler：
    继承自ResponseHandlerInterface，内部实现了一个消息处理机制，用于将接口回调的网络请求结果告诉UI线程。

4.AsyncHttpClient：

客户端网络请求核心类，使用HttpClient执行网络请求，提供了get，put，post，delete，head等请求方法，使用起来很简单，只需以url及RequestParams调用相应的方法即可，还可以选择性地传入Context，用于取消Content相关的请求，同时必须提供ResponseHandlerInterface（AsyncHttpResponseHandler继承自ResponseHandlerInterface）的实现类，一般为AsyncHttpResponseHandler的子类，AsyncHttpClient内部有一个线程池，当使用AsyncHttpClient执行网络请求时，最终都会调用sendRequest方法，在这个方法内部将请求参数封装成AsyncHttpRequest（继承自Runnable）交由内部的线程池执行。