渗透 如何防御ARP欺骗,LLMNR-MDNS-NBNS等协议的作用

一. 如何防御ARP欺骗?

1.使用双向IP/MAC绑定;

2.使用静态ARP缓存表;

3.使用ARP服务器,通过服务器来查找ARP转换表来响应其他机器的广播;

4.使用ARP欺骗防护软件;

5.在网关设备上部署防ARP欺骗攻击功能,包括ARP表项固化功能、ARP表项严格学习功能、发送免费ARP报文等功能;

6.在接入设备上部署动态ARP检测功能;

7.利用接入交换机的ARP入侵检测(ARP Intrusion Inspection)功能,进行ARP欺骗攻击防御;

8.安装ARP防火墙或做ARP双向绑定。

二. 输入错误 dns有什么补救措施?

1.清除DNS缓存:DNS缓存可能会导致解析错误或过期的IP地址;

2.更改电脑的DNS服务器;

3.清除HOST缓存文件;

4.检查防火墙和安全软件设置。

三. LLMNR-MDNS-NBNS协议

一、LLMNR协议(Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution)
1.功能:

LLMNR(链路本地多播名称解析)是一种用于解析本地主机名到IP地址的协议。它允许在没有本地DNS服务器的情况下进行名称解析

2.工作原理:

(1)当主机需要解析本地主机名时,它会向网络上的多播地址发送LLMNR查询
(2)如果有其他主机知道所需的名称,则它们可以回复一个LLMNR响应,提供相应的IP地址。
(3)如果没有其他主机回复,则认为名称无法解析。

3.安全风险:

LLMNR欺骗攻击:攻击者可以发送虚假的LLMNR响应,诱导主机将数据发送到攻击者控制的主机上。

二、MDNS协议(Multicast DNS)
1.功能:

MDNS(多播DNS)是一种类似于LLMNR的协议,用于解析本地域名到IP地址。它也用于设备发现和服务发现,特别是在局域网内。

2.工作原理:

(1)设备使用多播地址发送MDNS查询,通常在UDP端口5353上。
(2)其他设备可以回复MDNS响应,提供所需的服务或资源的IP地址。

3.安全风险:

MDNS欺骗攻击:与LLMNR欺骗类似,攻击者可以发送虚假的mDNS响应,导致设备与恶意服务通信。

三、NBNS协议(NetBIOS Name Service)
1.功能:

NBNS(NetBIOS名称服务)是一种过时的协议,用于在局域网内解析NetBIOS名到IP地址。NetBIOS主要用于早期的Windows系统。

2.工作原理:

(1)主机使用UDP端口137发送NBNS请求。
(2)NBNS服务器回复响应,提供NetBIOS名的IP地址。

3.安全风险:

(1)NBNS欺骗攻击:攻击者可以发送虚假的NBNS响应,欺骗其他设备将数据发送到错误的地址。
(2)NetBIOS信息收集:攻击者可以通过NBNS查询获取网络上的NetBIOS名称和相关信息。

四. Content-Security-Policy

Content-Security-Policy的作用:是一种网页安全策略,现代浏览器使用它来增强网页的安全性。可以通过Content Security Policy来限制哪些资源(如JavaScript、CSS、图像等)可以被加载,从哪些url加载。

CSP本质上是白名单机制,开发者明确告诉浏览器哪些外部资源可以加载和执行,可以从哪些url加载资源。

CSP最初被设计用来减少跨站点脚本攻击(XSS),该规范的后续版本还可以防止其他形式的攻击,如点击劫持。

五. php文件上传相关问题

文件上传的临时文件为什么消失?

php在请求结束之后就会把该缓存文件删掉;使用sleep命令,然后进这个文件夹应该就能看到。

INTRODUCTION lwIP is a small independent implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite. The focus of the lwIP TCP/IP implementation is to reduce the RAM usage while still having a full scale TCP. This making lwIP suitable for use in embedded systems with tens of kilobytes of free RAM and room for around 40 kilobytes of code ROM. lwIP was originally developed by Adam Dunkels at the Computer and Networks Architectures (CNA) lab at the Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS) and is now developed and maintained by a worldwide network of developers. FEATURES * IP (Internet Protocol, IPv4 and IPv6) including packet forwarding over multiple network interfaces * ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for network maintenance and debugging * IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) for multicast traffic management * MLD (Multicast listener discovery for IPv6). Aims to be compliant with RFC 2710. No support for MLDv2 * ND (Neighbor discovery and stateless address autoconfiguration for IPv6). Aims to be compliant with RFC 4861 (Neighbor discovery) and RFC 4862 (Address autoconfiguration) * DHCP, AutoIP/APIPA (Zeroconf), ACD (Address Conflict Detection) and (stateless) DHCPv6 * UDP (User Datagram Protocol) including experimental UDP-lite extensions * TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) with congestion control, RTT estimation fast recovery/fast retransmit and sending SACKs * raw/native API for enhanced performance * Optional Berkeley-like socket API * TLS: optional layered TCP ("altcp") for nearly transparent TLS for any TCP-based protocol (ported to mbedTLS) (see changelog for more info) * PPPoS and PPPoE (Point-to-point protocol over Serial/Ethernet) * DNS (Domain name resolver incl. mDNS) * 6LoWPAN (via IEEE 802.15.4, BLE or ZEP) APPLICATIONS * HTTP server with SSI and CGI (HTTPS via altcp) * SNMPv2c agent with MIB compiler (Simple Network Management Protocol), v3 via altcp * SNTP (Simple network time protocol) * NetBIOS name service responder * MDNS (Multicast DNS) responder * iPerf server implementation * MQTT client (TLS support via altcp) LICENSE lwIP is freely available under a BSD license. DEVELOPMENT lwIP has grown into an excellent TCP/IP stack for embedded devices, and developers using the stack often submit bug fixes, improvements, and additions to the stack to further increase its usefulness. Development of lwIP is hosted on Savannah, a central point for software development, maintenance and distribution. Everyone can help improve lwIP by use of Savannah's interface, Git and the mailing list. A core team of developers will commit changes to the Git source tree. The lwIP TCP/IP stack is maintained in the 'lwip' Git module and contributions (such as platform ports) are in the 'contrib' Git module. See doc/savannah.txt for details on Git server access for users and developers. The current Git trees are web-browsable: http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/lwip.git http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/lwip/lwip-contrib.git Submit patches and bugs via the lwIP project page: http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/ Continuous integration builds (GCC, clang): https://travis-ci.org/lwip-tcpip/lwip DOCUMENTATION Self documentation of the source code is regularly extracted from the current Git sources and is available from this web page: http://www.nongnu.org/lwip/ Also, there are mailing lists you can subscribe at http://savannah.nongnu.org/mail/?group=lwip plus searchable archives: http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/lwip-users/ http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/lwip-devel/ There is a wiki about lwIP at http://lwip.wikia.com/wiki/LwIP_Wiki You might get questions answered there, but unfortunately, it is not as well maintained as it should be. lwIP was originally written by Adam Dunkels: http://dunkels.com/adam/ Reading Adam's papers, the files in docs/, browsing the source code documentation and browsing the mailing list archives is a good way to become familiar with the design of lwIP. Adam Dunkels Leon Woestenberg
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