PyTorch实战（二）MNIST手写体数字识别

数据集介绍

MNIST包括6万张28x28的训练样本，1万张测试样本，被称为是CV里的“Hello World”

手写数字识别实现

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms

#定义参数
batch_size = 512
epochs = 20
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

#pthorch中包含了MNIST数据集，可以直接使用
#官方已经实现了dataset所以可以直接使用DataLOader来对数据进行读取
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    datasets.MNIST('data', train = True, download = True,
                   transform = transforms.Compose([
                       transforms.ToTensor(),
                       transforms.Normalize((0.1307,),(0.3081,))
                   ])),
    batch_size = batch_size, shuffle=True)

#测试集
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
        datasets.MNIST('data', train=False, transform=transforms.Compose([
                           transforms.ToTensor(),
                           transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
                       ])),
        batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)


#定义网络
class ConvNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        # batch*1*28*28（每次会送入batch个样本，输入通道数1（黑白图像），图像分辨率是28x28）
        # 下面的卷积层Conv2d的第一个参数指输入通道数，第二个参数指输出通道数，第三个参数指卷积核的大小
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 10, 5) # 输入通道数1，输出通道数10，核的大小5
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(10, 20, 3) # 输入通道数10，输出通道数20，核的大小3
        # 下面的全连接层Linear的第一个参数指输入通道数，第二个参数指输出通道数
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(20*10*10, 500) # 输入通道数是2000，输出通道数是500
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(500, 10) # 输入通道数是500，输出通道数是10，即10分类
    def forward(self,x):
        in_size = x.size(0) # 在本例中in_size=512，也就是BATCH_SIZE的值。输入的x可以看成是512*1*28*28的张量。
        out = self.conv1(x) # batch*1*28*28 -> batch*10*24*24（28x28的图像经过一次核为5x5的卷积，输出变为24x24）
        out = F.relu(out) # batch*10*24*24（激活函数ReLU不改变形状））
        out = F.max_pool2d(out, 2, 2) # batch*10*24*24 -> batch*10*12*12（2*2的池化层会减半）
        out = self.conv2(out) # batch*10*12*12 -> batch*20*10*10（再卷积一次，核的大小是3）
        out = F.relu(out) # batch*20*10*10
        out = out.view(in_size, -1) # batch*20*10*10 -> batch*2000（out的第二维是-1，说明是自动推算，本例中第二维是20*10*10）
        out = self.fc1(out) # batch*2000 -> batch*500
        out = F.relu(out) # batch*500
        out = self.fc2(out) # batch*500 -> batch*10
        out = F.log_softmax(out, dim=1) # 计算log(softmax(x))
        return out
    
model = ConvNet().to(device)
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters())

def train(model, device, train_loader, optimizer, epoch):
    model.train()
    for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
        data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        output = model(data)
        loss = F.nll_loss(output, target)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        if (batch_idx+1)%30 == 0:
            print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(
                epoch, batch_idx * len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),
                100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader), loss.item()))
            

def test(model, device, test_loader):
    model.eval()
    test_loss = 0
    correct = 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data, target in test_loader:
            data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
            output = model(data)
            test_loss += F.nll_loss(output, target, reduction='sum').item() # 将一批的损失相加
            pred = output.max(1, keepdim=True)[1] # 找到概率最大的下标
            correct += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()

    test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
    print('\nTest set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n'.format(
        test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset),
        100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)))
            
            
#开始训练
for epoch in range(1,epochs+1):
    train(model, device, train_loader, optimizer, epoch)
    test(model, device, test_loader)