xv6 源码调试环境搭建

一、资源

官网：https://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2022/

二、搭建 xv6 调试环境

1、下载 xv6 源码

git clone git://github.com/mit-pdos/xv6-riscv.git

2、安装工具链

特别说明：ubuntu 仓库中已经提供，可直接安装。

1、从 ubuntu 仓库中查找工具链

apt list | grep riscv

2、安装qemu-system-riscv64

sudo apt install qemu-system-misc

3、安装工具链

sudo apt install binutils-riscv64-linux-gnu
sudo apt install gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu

4、安装gdb

sudo apt install gdb-multiarch

3、编译 xv6 源码

lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ ls
kernel  LICENSE  Makefile  mkfs  README  user
lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ make
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc    -c -o kernel/entry.o kernel/entry.S
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/start.o kernel/start.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/console.o kernel/console.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/printf.o kernel/printf.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/uart.o kernel/uart.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/kalloc.o kernel/kalloc.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/spinlock.o kernel/spinlock.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/string.o kernel/string.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/main.o kernel/main.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/vm.o kernel/vm.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/proc.o kernel/proc.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc    -c -o kernel/swtch.o kernel/swtch.S
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc    -c -o kernel/trampoline.o kernel/trampoline.S
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/trap.o kernel/trap.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/syscall.o kernel/syscall.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/sysproc.o kernel/sysproc.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/bio.o kernel/bio.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/fs.o kernel/fs.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/log.o kernel/log.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/sleeplock.o kernel/sleeplock.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/file.o kernel/file.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/pipe.o kernel/pipe.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/exec.o kernel/exec.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/sysfile.o kernel/sysfile.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc    -c -o kernel/kernelvec.o kernel/kernelvec.S
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/plic.o kernel/plic.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/virtio_disk.o kernel/virtio_disk.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie -march=rv64g -nostdinc -I. -Ikernel -c user/initcode.S -o user/initcode.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e start -Ttext 0 -o user/initcode.out user/initcode.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objcopy -S -O binary user/initcode.out user/initcode
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/initcode.o > user/initcode.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T kernel/kernel.ld -o kernel/kernel kernel/entry.o kernel/start.o kernel/console.o kernel/printf.o kernel/uart.o kernel/kalloc.o kernel/spinlock.o kernel/string.o kernel/main.o kernel/vm.o kernel/proc.o kernel/swtch.o kernel/trampoline.o kernel/trap.o kernel/syscall.o kernel/sysproc.o kernel/bio.o kernel/fs.o kernel/log.o kernel/sleeplock.o kernel/file.o kernel/pipe.o kernel/exec.o kernel/sysfile.o kernel/kernelvec.o kernel/plic.o kernel/virtio_disk.o 
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S kernel/kernel > kernel/kernel.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t kernel/kernel | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > kernel/kernel.sym
lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ 

4、验证 xv6 源码是否正常

1、启动 qemu

make qemu

lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ ls
kernel  LICENSE  Makefile  mkfs  README  user
lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ make qemu
gcc -Werror -Wall -I. -o mkfs/mkfs mkfs/mkfs.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/ulib.o user/ulib.c
perl user/usys.pl > user/usys.S
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie -c -o user/usys.o user/usys.S
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/printf.o user/printf.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/umalloc.o user/umalloc.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/cat.o user/cat.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_cat user/cat.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_cat > user/cat.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_cat | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/cat.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/echo.o user/echo.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_echo user/echo.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_echo > user/echo.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_echo | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/echo.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/forktest.o user/forktest.c
# forktest has less library code linked in - needs to be small
# in order to be able to max out the proc table.
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_forktest user/forktest.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_forktest > user/forktest.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/grep.o user/grep.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_grep user/grep.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_grep > user/grep.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_grep | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/grep.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/init.o user/init.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_init user/init.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_init > user/init.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_init | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/init.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/kill.o user/kill.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_kill user/kill.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_kill > user/kill.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_kill | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/kill.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/ln.o user/ln.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_ln user/ln.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_ln > user/ln.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_ln | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/ln.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/ls.o user/ls.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_ls user/ls.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_ls > user/ls.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_ls | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/ls.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/mkdir.o user/mkdir.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_mkdir user/mkdir.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_mkdir > user/mkdir.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_mkdir | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/mkdir.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/rm.o user/rm.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_rm user/rm.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_rm > user/rm.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_rm | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/rm.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/sh.o user/sh.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_sh user/sh.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_sh > user/sh.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_sh | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/sh.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/stressfs.o user/stressfs.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_stressfs user/stressfs.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_stressfs > user/stressfs.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_stressfs | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/stressfs.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/usertests.o user/usertests.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_usertests user/usertests.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_usertests > user/usertests.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_usertests | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/usertests.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/grind.o user/grind.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_grind user/grind.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_grind > user/grind.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_grind | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/grind.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/wc.o user/wc.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_wc user/wc.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_wc > user/wc.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_wc | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/wc.sym
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/zombie.o user/zombie.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T user/user.ld -o user/_zombie user/zombie.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/_zombie > user/zombie.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t user/_zombie | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/zombie.sym
mkfs/mkfs fs.img README user/_cat user/_echo user/_forktest user/_grep user/_init user/_kill user/_ln user/_ls user/_mkdir user/_rm user/_sh user/_stressfs user/_usertests user/_grind user/_wc user/_zombie 
nmeta 46 (boot, super, log blocks 30 inode blocks 13, bitmap blocks 1) blocks 1954 total 2000
balloc: first 745 blocks have been allocated
balloc: write bitmap block at sector 45
qemu-system-riscv64 -machine virt -bios none -kernel kernel/kernel -m 128M -smp 3 -nographic -global virtio-mmio.force-legacy=false -drive file=fs.img,if=none,format=raw,id=x0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=x0,bus=virtio-mmio-bus.0

xv6 kernel is booting

hart 1 starting
hart 2 starting
init: starting sh
$ ls
.              1 1 1024
..             1 1 1024
README         2 2 2305
cat            2 3 32840
echo           2 4 31688
forktest       2 5 15824
grep           2 6 36216
init           2 7 32184
kill           2 8 31648
ln             2 9 31472
ls             2 10 34784
mkdir          2 11 31704
rm             2 12 31696
sh             2 13 54136
stressfs       2 14 32584
usertests      2 15 180480
grind          2 16 47528
wc             2 17 33792
zombie         2 18 31056
console        3 19 0
$ 

2、退出 qemu

1、Ctrl + a
2、x

5、搭建 xv6 源码调试环境

1、调整 makefile

为了方便调试，我们修改使用 CPU 数量。
修改前：

ifndef CPUS
CPUS := 3
endif

修改后：

ifndef CPUS
CPUS := 1
endif

2、启动 qemu

lq@ubuntu:~/xv6-riscv$ make qemu-gdb 
*** Now run 'gdb' in another window.
qemu-system-riscv64 -machine virt -bios none -kernel kernel/kernel -m 128M -smp 1 -nographic -global virtio-mmio.force-legacy=false -drive file=fs.img,if=none,format=raw,id=x0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=x0,bus=virtio-mmio-bus.0 -S -gdb tcp::26000

3、在另一个窗口启动 gdb

lq@ubuntu:~/xv6-riscv$ ls
fs.img  kernel  LICENSE  Makefile  mkfs  README  user
lq@ubuntu:~/xv6-riscv$ 
lq@ubuntu:~/xv6-riscv$ gdb-multiarch kernel/kernel
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.2
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
    <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.

For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from kernel/kernel...
The target architecture is assumed to be riscv:rv64
0x0000000000001000 in ?? ()
(gdb) 

4、解决异常

异常：

lq@ubuntu:~/xv6-riscv$ gdb-multiarch kernel/kernel
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.2
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
    <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.

For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from kernel/kernel...
warning: File "/home/lq/xv6-riscv/.gdbinit" auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to "$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load".
To enable execution of this file add
	add-auto-load-safe-path /home/lq/xv6-riscv/.gdbinit
line to your configuration file "/home/lq/.gdbinit".
To completely disable this security protection add
	set auto-load safe-path /
line to your configuration file "/home/lq/.gdbinit".
For more information about this security protection see the
"Auto-loading safe path" section in the GDB manual.  E.g., run from the shell:
	info "(gdb)Auto-loading safe path"
(gdb) 

解决方法：

# 在 home/xxx 目录下的 .gdbinit 文件中添加如下内容：
add-auto-load-safe-path /home/xxx/xv6-riscv/.gdbinit

5、xv6对于gdb的配置

详细配置内容如下：

lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ pwd
/home/lq/my/xv6-riscv
lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ ls -la
总用量 2060
drwxrwxr-x 6 lq lq    4096 12月 24 11:06 .
drwxrwxr-x 3 lq lq    4096 12月 24 10:38 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lq lq      86 12月 24 10:38 .dir-locals.el
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lq lq     248 12月 24 10:38 .editorconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lq lq 2048000 12月 24 11:05 fs.img
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lq lq     172 12月 24 10:48 .gdbinit
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lq lq     171 12月 24 10:38 .gdbinit.tmpl-riscv
drwxrwxr-x 7 lq lq    4096 12月 24 10:38 .git
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lq lq     137 12月 24 10:38 .gitignore
drwxrwxr-x 2 lq lq    4096 12月 24 10:45 kernel
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lq lq    1174 12月 24 10:38 LICENSE
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lq lq    4709 12月 24 10:48 Makefile
drwxrwxr-x 2 lq lq    4096 12月 24 10:45 mkfs
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lq lq    2305 12月 24 10:38 README
drwxrwxr-x 2 lq lq    4096 12月 24 10:45 user
lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ cat .gdbinit
set confirm off
set architecture riscv:rv64
target remote 127.0.0.1:26000
symbol-file kernel/kernel
set disassemble-next-line auto
set riscv use-compressed-breakpoints yes
lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$

6、gdb 常用命令

b main
c
layout src

6、使用 vscode 调试 xv6 源码

1、vscode 安装拓展C/C++

2、生成 compile_commands.json 文件

lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ ls
kernel  LICENSE  Makefile  mkfs  README  user
lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ bear -- make
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc    -c -o kernel/entry.o kernel/entry.S
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/start.o kernel/start.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/console.o kernel/console.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/printf.o kernel/printf.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/uart.o kernel/uart.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/kalloc.o kernel/kalloc.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/spinlock.o kernel/spinlock.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/string.o kernel/string.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/main.o kernel/main.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/vm.o kernel/vm.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/proc.o kernel/proc.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc    -c -o kernel/swtch.o kernel/swtch.S
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc    -c -o kernel/trampoline.o kernel/trampoline.S
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/trap.o kernel/trap.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/syscall.o kernel/syscall.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/sysproc.o kernel/sysproc.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/bio.o kernel/bio.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/fs.o kernel/fs.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/log.o kernel/log.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/sleeplock.o kernel/sleeplock.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/file.o kernel/file.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/pipe.o kernel/pipe.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/exec.o kernel/exec.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/sysfile.o kernel/sysfile.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc    -c -o kernel/kernelvec.o kernel/kernelvec.S
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/plic.o kernel/plic.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/virtio_disk.o kernel/virtio_disk.c
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -gdwarf-2 -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie -march=rv64g -nostdinc -I. -Ikernel -c user/initcode.S -o user/initcode.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e start -Ttext 0 -o user/initcode.out user/initcode.o
riscv64-linux-gnu-objcopy -S -O binary user/initcode.out user/initcode
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S user/initcode.o > user/initcode.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T kernel/kernel.ld -o kernel/kernel kernel/entry.o kernel/start.o kernel/console.o kernel/printf.o kernel/uart.o kernel/kalloc.o kernel/spinlock.o kernel/string.o kernel/main.o kernel/vm.o kernel/proc.o kernel/swtch.o kernel/trampoline.o kernel/trap.o kernel/syscall.o kernel/sysproc.o kernel/bio.o kernel/fs.o kernel/log.o kernel/sleeplock.o kernel/file.o kernel/pipe.o kernel/exec.o kernel/sysfile.o kernel/kernelvec.o kernel/plic.o kernel/virtio_disk.o 
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -S kernel/kernel > kernel/kernel.asm
riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -t kernel/kernel | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > kernel/kernel.sym
lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ ls
compile_commands.json  kernel  LICENSE  Makefile  mkfs  README  user
lq@lq-virtual-machine:~/my/xv6-riscv$ 

3、修改 xv6 源码中 .gdbinit

修改前：

set confirm off
set architecture riscv:rv64
target remote 127.0.0.1:26000
symbol-file kernel/kernel
set disassemble-next-line auto
set riscv use-compressed-breakpoints yes

修改后：

set confirm off
set architecture riscv:rv64
@REM target remote 127.0.0.1:26000
symbol-file kernel/kernel
set disassemble-next-line auto
set riscv use-compressed-breakpoints yes

修改原因：

在 vscode 的 launch.json 配置文件中需要指定 miDebuggerServerAddress 配置项。

4、配置 tasks.json

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "options": { //指定make qemu的执行位置
        "cwd": "/home/lq/my/xv6-riscv"
    },
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "xv6-gdb",
            "type": "shell",
            "isBackground": true,
            "command": "make qemu-gdb",
            "problemMatcher": [
                {
                    "pattern": [
                        {
                            "regexp": ".",
                            "file": 1,
                            "location": 2,
                            "message": 3
                        }
                    ],
                    "background": {
                        "beginsPattern": ".*Now run 'gdb' in another window.",
                        // 要对应编译成功后,一句echo的内容. 此处对应 Makefile Line:170
                        "endsPattern": "."
                    }
                }
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        }
    ]
}

作用：执行 make qemu-gdb 命令，在 launch.json 配置文件中调用。

5、配置 launch.json

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "xv6debug",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/kernel/kernel",
            "stopAtEntry": true,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "miDebuggerServerAddress": "127.0.0.1:26000", //见.gdbinit 中 target remote xxxx:xx
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb-multiarch", // which gdb-multiarch
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "preLaunchTask": "xv6-gdb"
        }
    ]
}

作用：配置 xv6 源码调试参数。

6、测试