4-1 Navigation的学习使用

Navigation的学习使用

JetPack中用于页面导航的重要组件

优势特点：

• Automatic handling of fragment transactions

• Correctly handling up and back by default

• Default behaviors for animations and transitions

• Deep linking as a first class operation

• Implementing navigation UI patterns (like navigation drawers and bottom nav) with little additional work

• Type safety when passing information while navigating

• Android Studio tooling for visualizing and editing the navigation flow of an app

基础概念

The Navigation Component consists of three key parts, working together in harmony. They are:

1. Navigation Graph (New XML resource) - This is a resource that contains all navigation-related information in one centralized location. This includes all the places in your app, known as destinations, and possible paths a user could take through your app.

2. NavHostFragment (Layout XML view) - This is a special widget you add to your layout. It displays different destinations from your Navigation Graph.

3. NavController (Kotlin/Java object) - This is an object that keeps track of the current position within the navigation graph. It orchestrates swapping destination content in the NavHostFragment as you move through a navigation graph.

使用

1. 依赖库

   //module下的build.gradle
   implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-ui:$navigation_version"
   implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-ui-ktx:$navigation_version"
   implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment:$navigation_version"
   implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment-ktx:$navigation_version"
   implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-runtime:$navigation_version"

   如需要使用plugin配置safe args

   //module 的gradle
   apply plugin: 'androidx.navigation.safeargs.kotlin'//kotlin的module，如果是java的module，类似的plugin
   apply plugin: 'androidx.navigation.safeargs'//java的module添加这样的

   然后再在project的gradle下添加

   //最好保证不同module和project的classpath的 navigation的版本一致
   classpath("androidx.navigation:navigation-safe-args-gradle-plugin:$navigation_version")

2. 创建graph 并添加需要的fragment, 文件名graph_main

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <navigation xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
       xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
       xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
       android:id="@+id/nav_graph_main"
       app:startDestination="@id/homeFragment">
   ​
       <fragment
           android:id="@+id/homeFragment"
           android:name="com.cniao5.home.HomeFragment"
           android:label="HomeFragment"
           tools:layout="@layout/fragment_home" />
       <fragment
           android:id="@+id/courseFragment"
           android:name="com.cniao5.course.CourseFragment"
           android:label="CourseFragment"
           tools:layout="@layout/fragment_course" />
       <fragment
           android:id="@+id/studyFragment"
           android:name="com.cniao5.study.StudyFragment"
           android:label="StudyFragment"
           tools:layout="@layout/fragment_study" />
       <fragment
           android:id="@+id/mineFragment"
           android:name="com.cniao5.mine.MineFragment"
           android:label="MineFragment"
           tools:layout="@layout/fragment_mine" >
           <action id="@+id/action_mine_to_other" 
               app:destination="@id/courseFragment"
               app:enterAnim=""
               app:exitAnim=""
               app:launchSingleTop="true"
               app:popEnterAnim=""
               app:popUpTo="@id/studyFragment"//结对存在
               app:popUpToInclusive="true">
           </action>
       </fragment>
   ​
   </navigation>

   路径在res/navigation下，自建对应navigation即可。

   • 根节点navigation 子节点fragment

   • 关键属性startDestination

   • action表示动作

3. 创建nav host fragment 的容器，关联graph

   <!-- 重点在于 name 和 defalutNavHost navGraph 三个属性的配置 -->
   <fragment
               android:id="@+id/fcv_main"
               android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment"
               android:layout_width="match_parent"
               android:layout_height="0dp"
               app:defaultNavHost="true"
               app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/bnv_main"
               app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
               app:navGraph="@navigation/graph_main" />//文件名

4. 其他view如BottomNavigationView、AppBar、NavigationView支持navigation组件的view有响应协同扩展函数setUpWithNavController

附注

问题点：

1. 结合BottomNavigationView时候Fragment的返回管理问题

2. fragment对象实例单例对象的问题

   navigate中 fm的replace，而不是hide修复示例

3. IDE支持问题，navigation创建、fragment标签使用，以及graph，navigation的生效

4. 对于组件化的支持，有潜力可能

5. 使用扩展方式支持bottomNavigationView配合fragment的时候，单例对象问题。

   • 注意contrainter和graph的使用

6. bottomNavigationView中menu的item的it和graph中的id一致性（id 不是name）

fragment生命周期图 图解Activity&Fragment生命周期 - 简书