转自https://blog.csdn.net/dcrmg/article/details/53912941
C++11中引入了一个用于多线程操作的thread类,简单多线程示例:
- #include <iostream>
- #include <thread>
- #include <Windows.h>
- using namespace std;
- void thread01()
- {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
- {
- cout << "Thread 01 is working !" << endl;
- Sleep(100);
- }
- }
- void thread02()
- {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
- {
- cout << "Thread 02 is working !" << endl;
- Sleep(200);
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- thread task01(thread01);
- thread task02(thread02);
- task01.join();
- task02.join();
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
- {
- cout << "Main thread is working !" << endl;
- Sleep(200);
- }
- system("pause");
- }
输出:
两个子线程并行执行,join函数会阻塞主流程,所以子线程都执行完成之后才继续执行主线程。可以使用detach将子线程从主流程中分离,独立运行,不会阻塞主线程:
- #include <iostream>
- #include <thread>
- #include <Windows.h>
- using namespace std;
- void thread01()
- {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
- {
- cout << "Thread 01 is working !" << endl;
- Sleep(100);
- }
- }
- void thread02()
- {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
- {
- cout << "Thread 02 is working !" << endl;
- Sleep(200);
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- thread task01(thread01);
- thread task02(thread02);
- task01.detach();
- task02.detach();
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
- {
- cout << "Main thread is working !" << endl;
- Sleep(200);
- }
- system("pause");
- }
输出:
使用detach的主线程和两个子线程并行执行。
带参子线程
在绑定的时候也可以同时给带参数的线程传入参数:
- #include <iostream>
- #include <thread>
- #include <Windows.h>
- using namespace std;
- //定义带参数子线程
- void thread01(int num)
- {
- for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
- {
- cout << "Thread 01 is working !" << endl;
- Sleep(100);
- }
- }
- void thread02(int num)
- {
- for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
- {
- cout << "Thread 02 is working !" << endl;
- Sleep(200);
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- thread task01(thread01, 5); //带参数子线程
- thread task02(thread02, 5);
- task01.detach();
- task02.detach();
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
- {
- cout << "Main thread is working !" << endl;
- Sleep(200);
- }
- system("pause");
- }
输出跟上例输出一样:
多线程数据竞争
多个线程同时对同一变量进行操作的时候,如果不对变量做一些保护处理,有可能导致处理结果异常:
- #include <iostream>
- #include <thread>
- #include <Windows.h>
- using namespace std;
- int totalNum = 100;
- void thread01()
- {
- while (totalNum > 0)
- {
- cout << totalNum << endl;
- totalNum--;
- Sleep(100);
- }
- }
- void thread02()
- {
- while (totalNum > 0)
- {
- cout << totalNum << endl;
- totalNum--;
- Sleep(100);
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- thread task01(thread01);
- thread task02(thread02);
- task01.detach();
- task02.detach();
- system("pause");
- }
输出结果(部分):
有两个问题,一是有很多变量被重复输出了,而有的变量没有被输出;二是正常情况下每个线程输出的数据后应该紧跟一个换行符,但这里大部分却是另一个线程的输出。
这是由于第一个线程对变量操作的过程中,第二个线程也对同一个变量进行各操作,导致第一个线程处理完后的输出有可能是线程二操作的结果。针对这种数据竞争的情况,可以使用线程互斥对象mutex保持数据同步。
mutex类的使用需要包含头文件mutex:
- #include <iostream>
- #include <thread>
- #include <Windows.h>
- #include <mutex>
- using namespace std;
- mutex mu; //线程互斥对象
- int totalNum = 100;
- void thread01()
- {
- while (totalNum > 0)
- {
- mu.lock(); //同步数据锁
- cout << totalNum << endl;
- totalNum--;
- Sleep(100);
- mu.unlock(); //解除锁定
- }
- }
- void thread02()
- {
- while (totalNum > 0)
- {
- mu.lock();
- cout << totalNum << endl;
- totalNum--;
- Sleep(100);
- mu.unlock();
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- thread task01(thread01);
- thread task02(thread02);
- task01.detach();
- task02.detach();
- system("pause");
- }
多线程中加入mutex互斥对象之后输出正常: