elasticsearch小记之——中文分词

在Elasticsearch中,内置了很多分词器(analyzers),但默认的分词器对中文的支持都不是太好。所以需要单独安装插件来支持,比较常用的是中科院 ICTCLAS的smartcn和IKAnanlyzer效果还是不错的,但是目前 IKAnanlyzer 还不支持最新的Elasticsearch2.2.0版本,但是smartcn中文分词器默认官方支持,它提供了一个中文或混合中文英文文本的分析器。支持最新的 2.2.0版本版本。但是 smartcn 不支持自定义词库,作为测试可先用一下。后面的部分介绍如何支持最新的版本。

smartcn

安装分词: plugin install analysis - smartcn

卸载: plugin remove analysis - smartcn

测试:

请求:POST http://127.0.0.1:9200/_analyze/

{
  "analyzer": "smartcn",
  "text": "联想是全球最大的笔记本厂商"
}

返回结果:

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "联想", 
            "start_offset": 0, 
            "end_offset": 2, 
            "type": "word", 
            "position": 0
        }, 
        {
            "token": "是", 
            "start_offset": 2, 
            "end_offset": 3, 
            "type": "word", 
            "position": 1
        }, 
        {
            "token": "全球", 
            "start_offset": 3, 
            "end_offset": 5, 
            "type": "word", 
            "position": 2
        }, 
        {
            "token": "最", 
            "start_offset": 5, 
            "end_offset": 6, 
            "type": "word", 
            "position": 3
        }, 
        {
            "token": "大", 
            "start_offset": 6, 
            "end_offset": 7, 
            "type": "word", 
            "position": 4
        }, 
        {
            "token": "的", 
            "start_offset": 7, 
            "end_offset": 8, 
            "type": "word", 
            "position": 5
        }, 
        {
            "token": "笔记本", 
            "start_offset": 8, 
            "end_offset": 11, 
            "type": "word", 
            "position": 6
        }, 
        {
            "token": "厂商", 
            "start_offset": 11, 
            "end_offset": 13, 
            "type": "word", 
            "position": 7
        }
    ]
}

作为对比,我们看一下标准的分词的结果,在请求中巴smartcn,换成standard

然后看返回结果:

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "联", 
            "start_offset": 0, 
            "end_offset": 1, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 0
        }, 
        {
            "token": "想", 
            "start_offset": 1, 
            "end_offset": 2, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 1
        }, 
        {
            "token": "是", 
            "start_offset": 2, 
            "end_offset": 3, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 2
        }, 
        {
            "token": "全", 
            "start_offset": 3, 
            "end_offset": 4, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 3
        }, 
        {
            "token": "球", 
            "start_offset": 4, 
            "end_offset": 5, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 4
        }, 
        {
            "token": "最", 
            "start_offset": 5, 
            "end_offset": 6, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 5
        }, 
        {
            "token": "大", 
            "start_offset": 6, 
            "end_offset": 7, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 6
        }, 
        {
            "token": "的", 
            "start_offset": 7, 
            "end_offset": 8, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 7
        }, 
        {
            "token": "笔", 
            "start_offset": 8, 
            "end_offset": 9, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 8
        }, 
        {
            "token": "记", 
            "start_offset": 9, 
            "end_offset": 10, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 9
        }, 
        {
            "token": "本", 
            "start_offset": 10, 
            "end_offset": 11, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 10
        }, 
        {
            "token": "厂", 
            "start_offset": 11, 
            "end_offset": 12, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 11
        }, 
        {
            "token": "商", 
            "start_offset": 12, 
            "end_offset": 13, 
            "type": "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", 
            "position": 12
        }
    ]
}

从中可以看出,基本上不能使用,就是一个汉字变成了一个词了。

IKAnanlyzer支持2.2.0版本

目前github上最新的版本只支持Elasticsearch2.1.1,路径为https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik。但现在最新的Elasticsearch已经到2.2.0了所以要经过处理一下才能支持。

1、下载源码,下载完后解压到任意目录,然后修改elasticsearch-analysis-ik-master目录下的pom.xml文件。找到<elasticsearch.version>行,然后把后面的版本号修改成2.2.0。

2、编译代码mvn package。

3、编译完成后会在target\releases生成elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.7.0.zip文件。

4、解压文件到Elasticsearch/plugins目录下。

5、修改配置文件增加一行:index.analysis.analyzer.ik.type : "ik"

6、重启 Elasticsearch。

测试:和上面的请求一样,只是把分词替换成ik

返回的结果:

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "联想", 
            "start_offset": 0, 
            "end_offset": 2, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 0
        }, 
        {
            "token": "全球", 
            "start_offset": 3, 
            "end_offset": 5, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 1
        }, 
        {
            "token": "最大", 
            "start_offset": 5, 
            "end_offset": 7, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 2
        }, 
        {
            "token": "笔记本", 
            "start_offset": 8, 
            "end_offset": 11, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 3
        }, 
        {
            "token": "笔记", 
            "start_offset": 8, 
            "end_offset": 10, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 4
        }, 
        {
            "token": "笔", 
            "start_offset": 8, 
            "end_offset": 9, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 5
        }, 
        {
            "token": "记", 
            "start_offset": 9, 
            "end_offset": 10, 
            "type": "CN_CHAR", 
            "position": 6
        }, 
        {
            "token": "本厂", 
            "start_offset": 10, 
            "end_offset": 12, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 7
        }, 
        {
            "token": "厂商", 
            "start_offset": 11, 
            "end_offset": 13, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 8
        }
    ]
}

从中可以看出,两个分词器分词的结果还是有区别的。

扩展词库,在config\ik\custom下在mydict.dic中增加需要的词组,然后重启Elasticsearch,需要注意的是文件编码是 UTF-8 无BOM格式编码 。

比如增加了赛克蓝德单词。然后再次查询:

请求:POST http://127.0.0.1:9200/_analyze/

参数:

{
  "analyzer": "ik",
  "text": "赛克蓝德是一家数据安全公司"
}

返回结果:

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "赛克蓝德", 
            "start_offset": 0, 
            "end_offset": 4, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 0
        }, 
        {
            "token": "克", 
            "start_offset": 1, 
            "end_offset": 2, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 1
        }, 
        {
            "token": "蓝", 
            "start_offset": 2, 
            "end_offset": 3, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 2
        }, 
        {
            "token": "德", 
            "start_offset": 3, 
            "end_offset": 4, 
            "type": "CN_CHAR", 
            "position": 3
        }, 
        {
            "token": "一家", 
            "start_offset": 5, 
            "end_offset": 7, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 4
        }, 
        {
            "token": "一", 
            "start_offset": 5, 
            "end_offset": 6, 
            "type": "TYPE_CNUM", 
            "position": 5
        }, 
        {
            "token": "家", 
            "start_offset": 6, 
            "end_offset": 7, 
            "type": "COUNT", 
            "position": 6
        }, 
        {
            "token": "数据", 
            "start_offset": 7, 
            "end_offset": 9, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 7
        }, 
        {
            "token": "安全", 
            "start_offset": 9, 
            "end_offset": 11, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 8
        }, 
        {
            "token": "公司", 
            "start_offset": 11, 
            "end_offset": 13, 
            "type": "CN_WORD", 
            "position": 9
        }
    ]
}

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