Android IntentService 使用

Service默认都是在应用程序的主线程（UI线程）中运行的，如果直接在 Service 中执行非常耗时的操作，应用程序将会被挂起，甚至会出现ANR错误。为了避免出现这种情况，我们会在Service中重新启动一个新的线程来进行耗时操作。方法如下：

@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }).start();
    return START_STICKY;
}

IntentService 是Android SDK 中提供的一个现成的Service类来实现这个功能，官方解释如下：

Creates a default worker thread that executes all intents delivered to onStartCommand() separate from your application’s main thread.

Creates a work queue that passes one intent at a time to your onHandleIntent() implementation, so you never have to worry about multi-threading.

Stops the service after all start requests have been handled, so you never have to call stopSelf().

Provides default implementation of onBind() that returns null.

Provides a default implementation of onStartCommand() that sends the intent to the work queue and then to your onHandleIntent() implementation

因此我们只需要重写 onHandleIntent() 方法，在该方法内实现比较耗时的操作。另外，继承IntentService时，必须提供一个无参构造函数，且在该构造函数内，需要调用父类的构造函数。

测试代码如下：

import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * Created by Owen Chan on 16/5/3.
 * Copyright © 2016 Owen Chan. All rights reserved.
 */
public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {

    private static final String TAG = MyIntentService.class.getSimpleName();

    public MyIntentService() {
        super("MyIntentService");
        Log.e(TAG,"----> constructor");
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.e(TAG, "---->onCreate thread id :" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.e(TAG, "----> onDestroy");
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.e(TAG, "----> onStartCommand");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        Log.e(TAG, "---->onHandleIntent thread id :" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Log.e(TAG, "---->onHandleIntent");
    }
}

打印如下：

05-03 07:50:12.270 19954-19954/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ----> constructor

05-03 07:50:12.272 19954-19954/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ---->onCreate thread id :1

05-03 07:50:12.272 19954-19954/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ----> onStartCommand

05-03 07:50:12.285 19954-29296/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ---->onHandleIntent thread id :11540

05-03 07:50:12.458 19954-19954/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ----> onStartCommand

05-03 07:50:12.617 19954-19954/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ----> onStartCommand

05-03 07:50:12.807 19954-19954/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ----> onStartCommand

05-03 07:50:17.286 19954-29296/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ---->onHandleIntent

05-03 07:50:17.287 19954-29296/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ---->onHandleIntent thread id :11540

05-03 07:50:22.288 19954-29296/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ---->onHandleIntent

05-03 07:50:22.289 19954-29296/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ---->onHandleIntent thread id :11540

05-03 07:50:27.290 19954-29296/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ---->onHandleIntent

05-03 07:50:27.291 19954-29296/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ---->onHandleIntent thread id :11540

05-03 07:50:32.292 19954-29296/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ---->onHandleIntent

05-03 07:50:32.293 19954-19954/com.lincanbin.carbonforum E/MyIntentService: ----> onDestroy

从打印结果可以看出，MyIntentService的onCreate()所处的线程ID仍为1，说明它是在主线程中被执行的，且只被执行一次。然后，每次 start都会触发一下onStartCommand()方法。当onHandleIntent()处于运行中时，该Service仍然可以接受新的请求，但接受到新的请求后并没有立即执行，而是将它们放入了工作队列中，等待被执行。