目录
4.静态PAT(一对一,但是外网口IP和服务映射网内网服务器的IP和服务)
一.NAT概念
NAT—— Network Address Translation。又称为网络地址转换。
1.作用
用于实现私有网络和公有网络之间的互访。
内网地址范围:
10.0.0.0——10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0——172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0——192.168.255.255
2.NAT的使用场景
- 没有足够的公网IP连接到Internet
- 当更换ISP(互联网服务提供商)需要重新编址
- 合并两个使用重叠地址空间的内部网络
- 使用单个IP地址支持基本的负载分担
3.NAT的优点
- 节省了公网的IP地址
- 能够处理编址方案重叠的情况
- 网络发生改变时不需要重新编址
- 隐藏了真正的IP地址(保证了安全)
二.拓扑图
1.静态NAT(一个内网地址对一个公网地址)
R1
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r1
[r1]user-interface console 0
[r1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[r1-ui-console0]q
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 202.10.100.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 202.10.100.2
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat static global 15.0.0.10 inside 192.168.1.10 netmask
255.255.255.255
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display nat static
Static Nat Information:
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/1
Global IP/Port : 15.0.0.10/----
Inside IP/Port : 192.168.1.10/----
Protocol : ----
VPN instance-name : ----
Acl number : ----
Netmask : 255.255.255.255
Description : ----
Total : 1
ISP
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys ISP
[ISP]user-interface console 0
[ISP-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[ISP-ui-console0]q
[ISP]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 202.10.100.2 24
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[ISP]ip route-static 15.0.0.10 32 202.10.100.1
测试结果PC1能ping通 PC2不行
2.动态NAT——PAT(多个内网地址对多个公网地址)
R1
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r1
[r1]user-interface console 0
[r1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[r1-ui-console0]q
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 202.10.100.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 202.10.100.2
[r1]nat address-group 1 15.0.0.10 15.0.0.11
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]acl 2000
[r1-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r1-acl-basic-2000]q
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000 address-group 1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display nat outbound
NAT Outbound Information:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interface Acl Address-group/IP/Interface Type
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 2000 1 pat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total : 1
ISP
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys ISP
[ISP]user-interface console 0
[ISP-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[ISP-ui-console0]q
[ISP]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 202.10.100.2 24
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[ISP]ip route-static 15.0.0.0 24 202.10.100.1
测试结果PC1能ping通 PC2也能ping通
3.Easyip(多个内网地址对一个接口)
R1
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r1
[r1]user-interface console 0
[r1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[r1-ui-console0]q
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 202.10.100.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 202.10.100.2
[r1]acl 2000
[r1-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r1-acl-basic-2000]q
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display nat outbound
NAT Outbound Information:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interface Acl Address-group/IP/Interface Type
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 2000 202.10.100.1 easyip
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total : 1
ISP
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys ISP
[ISP]user-interface console 0
[ISP-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[ISP-ui-console0]q
[ISP]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 202.10.100.2 24
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[ISP]ip route-static 15.0.0.0 24 202.10.100.1
测试结果PC1能ping通 PC2也能ping通
4.静态PAT(一对一,但是外网口IP和服务映射网内网服务器的IP和服务)
R1
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]user-interface console 0
[r1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[r1-ui-console0]q
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 202.10.100.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 202.10.100.2
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global 15.0.0.10 ftp inside 192
.168.1.10 ftp
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display nat server
Nat Server Information:
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/1
Global IP/Port : 15.0.0.10/21(ftp)
Inside IP/Port : 192.168.1.10/21(ftp)
Protocol : 6(tcp)
VPN instance-name : ----
Acl number : ----
Description : ----
Total : 1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]nat alg all enable
ISP
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys ISP
[ISP]user-interface console 0
[ISP-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[ISP-ui-console0]q
[ISP]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 202.10.100.2 24
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[ISP]ip route-static 15.0.0.10 32 202.10.100.1
服务的开启