linux环境下 mysql5.7主从同步搭建

pekeka

已于 2022-11-21 17:06:01 修改

阅读量892

点赞数

文章标签：数据库 mysql

于 2022-11-21 16:47:18 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/p12361465/article/details/127967931

版权

mysql5.7传统主从同步原理以及实现

MySQL主从同步原理图如下:

从库生成两个线程，一个I/O线程，一个SQL线程； I/O线程去请求主库的binlog，并将得到的binlog日志写到relay log（中继日志）文件中；主库会生成一个 log dump 线程，用来给从库I/O线程传binlog； SQL 线程，会读取relay log文件中的日志，并解析成具体操作，来实现主从的操作一致，而最终数据一致；

环境配置首先要安装mysqk5.7 而且两台数据库服务器mysql版本要一致

192.168.88.67 master rhel7 mysql5.7

192.168.88.68 slave rhel7 mysql5.7

配置 Master 192.168.88.67

[root@master ~]#cat >> /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
log‐bin=mysql‐bin‐master  #启用二进制日志
server‐id=1   #本机数据库ID 标示
binlog‐do‐db=test  #可以被从服务器复制的库, 二进制需要同步的数据库名
binlog‐ignore‐db=mysql  #不可以被从服务器复制的库
lower_case_table_names=1
EOF
[root@master mysql]# service mysqld restart
[root@master mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
mysql> CREATE DATABASE test;   #创建与配置文件可以允许被复制的数据库相对应
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE TABLE666 (bTypeId int,bName char(16),price int,publishing char(16));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+-------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File                    | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin-master.000003 |      842 | test         | mysql            |                   |
+-------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to slave@"192.168.88.%" identified by "GuangZhou_123"; #授权让从库可以连接
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>exit

[root@master mysql]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@master mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p1 -B test > test.sql #导出数据库
[root@master mysql]# scp test.sql 192.168.88.68:/root  #传给从服务器

配置 Slave 192.168.88.68

[root@slvae ~]#cat >> /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
server-id=2
lower_case_table_names=1
EOF
[root@slave ~]# service mysqld restart
[root@slave ~]#mysql -uslave -p -h 192.168.88.67   #尝试在从库远程连接主库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>exit
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p < test.sql  向数据库导入testdb数据库
[root@slave ~]#mysql -uroot -p
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test             |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+------------------+
| table666         |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

然后建立主从连接
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.88.67',master_user='slave',master_password='GuangZhou_123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
                  Master_Host: 192.168.88.67
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: 
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4
               Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
        Relay_Master_Log_File: 
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 0
              Relay_Log_Space: 154
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 1045
                Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'slave@192.168.88.67:3306' - retry-time: 60  retries: 1
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 0
                  Master_UUID: 
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 221121 16:21:00
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
为此主从同步搭建完成！

有可能出现的问题1

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
                  Master_Host: 192.168.88.67
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: 
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4
               Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
        Relay_Master_Log_File: 
             Slave_IO_Running: Connecting
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
   如果IO线程显示的是正在连接中，很可能是从数据库无法通过slave去连接主数据库，可以尝试通过命令去连接主数据库是否成功
   [root@slave ~]#mysql -uslave -p -h 192.168.88.67 
   ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'slav'@'192.168.88.68' (using password: YES)
   如果无法连接成功，可以去修改主数据库的授权信息，进行再次确认授权
   mysql>stop slave;
   Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
   mysql>start slave;
   Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
                  Master_Host: 192.168.88.67
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: 
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4
               Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
        Relay_Master_Log_File: 
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

有可能出现的问题2

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
                  Master_Host: 192.168.88.67
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: 
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4
               Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
        Relay_Master_Log_File: 
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: No
   mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)   
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
                  Master_Host: 192.168.88.67
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: 
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4
               Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
        Relay_Master_Log_File: 
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
            如果还不行重复多几次就可以了

测试传统主从同步

在主库中添加信息
mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('1','Linux','66','DZ');
NTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('4','MySQL1','71','QH');
INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('5','MySQL2','72','QH');
INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('6','MySQL3','73','QH');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('2','CLD','68','RM');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('3','SYS','90','JX');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('4','MySQL1','71','QH');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('5','MySQL2','72','QH');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('6','MySQL3','73','QH');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from table666;
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
| bTypeId | bName  | price | publishing |
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
|       1 | Linux  |    66 | DZ         |
|       2 | CLD    |    68 | RM         |
|       3 | SYS    |    90 | JX         |
|       4 | MySQL1 |    71 | QH         |
|       5 | MySQL2 |    72 | QH         |
|       6 | MySQL3 |    73 | QH         |
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在从库中查看
mysql> ues test;
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test             |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+------------------+
| table666         |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from table666;
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
| bTypeId | bName  | price | publishing |
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
|       1 | Linux  |    66 | DZ         |
|       2 | CLD    |    68 | RM         |
|       3 | SYS    |    90 | JX         |
|       4 | MySQL1 |    71 | QH         |
|       5 | MySQL2 |    72 | QH         |
|       6 | MySQL3 |    73 | QH         |
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
传统主从测试成功！