最后
无论是哪家公司,都很重视基础,大厂更加重视技术的深度和广度,面试是一个双向选择的过程,不要抱着畏惧的心态去面试,不利于自己的发挥。同时看中的应该不止薪资,还要看你是不是真的喜欢这家公司,是不是能真的得到锻炼。
针对以上面试技术点,我在这里也做一些分享,希望能更好的帮助到大家。
//注意:至少有一个VRRP实例调用它并且优先级不能为0.优先级范围是1-254.
vrrp_script <SCRIPT_NAME> {
…
}
//选项说明:
script “/path/to/somewhere” //指定要执行的脚本的路径。
interval //指定脚本执行的间隔。单位是秒。默认为1s。
timeout //指定在多少秒后,脚本被认为执行失败。
weight <-254 — 254> //调整优先级。默认为2.
rise //执行成功多少次才认为是成功。
fall //执行失败多少次才认为失败。
user [GROUPNAME] //运行脚本的用户和组。
init_fail //假设脚本初始状态是失败状态。
//weight说明:
-
如果脚本执行成功(退出状态码为0),weight大于0,则priority增加。
-
如果脚本执行失败(退出状态码为非0),weight小于0,则priority减少。
-
其他情况下,priority不变。
real_server段配置
weight //给服务器指定权重。默认是1
inhibit_on_failure //当服务器健康检查失败时,将其weight设置为0, \
//而不是从Virtual Server中移除
notify_up //当服务器健康检查成功时,执行的脚本
notify_down //当服务器健康检查失败时,执行的脚本
uthreshold //到这台服务器的最大连接数
lthreshold //到这台服务器的最小连接数
tcp_check段配置
connect_ip //连接的IP地址。默认是real server的ip地址
connect_port //连接的端口。默认是real server的端口
bindto //发起连接的接口的地址。
bind_port //发起连接的源端口。
connect_timeout //连接超时时间。默认是5s。
fwmark //使用fwmark对所有出去的检查数据包进行标记。
warmup //指定一个随机延迟,最大为N秒。可防止网络阻塞。如果为0,则关闭该功能。
retry //重试次数。默认是1次。
delay_before_retry //默认是1秒。在重试之前延迟多少秒。
========================================================================================
| 系统信息 | 主机名 | IP |
| — | — | — |
| redhat8 | master | 192.168.129.134 |
| redhat8 | slave | 192.168.129.135 |
本次高可用虚拟IP(VIP)地址暂定为 192.168.129.250
配置主keepalived
//关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@master ~]# sed -ri ‘s/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g’ /etc/selinux/config
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@master ~]# reboot
//配置网络源
[root@master ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@master ~]# sed -i ‘s/$releasever/7/g’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@master ~]# sed -i ‘s/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@master ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim
//安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived
//查看安装生成的文件
[root@master ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived #配置目录
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf #此为主配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a/410997e11c666114ca6d785e58ff0cc248744e
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f/ba0d6bad6cb5ff7b074e703849ed93bebf4a0f
/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service #此为服务控制文件
/usr/libexec/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
…此处省略N行
在备服务器上安装keepalived
//关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@slave ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@slave ~]# sed -ri ‘s/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g’ /etc/selinux/config
[root@slave ~]# setenforce 0
[root@slave ~]# reboot
//配置网络源
[root@slave ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@slave ~]# sed -i ‘s/$releasever/7/g’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@slave ~]# sed -i ‘s/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim
//安装keepalived
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived
在master上安装httpd
[root@master ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@master ~]# echo “This is MASTER” > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.129.134
This is MASTER
在slave 上安装httpd
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@slave ~]# echo “This is BACKUP” > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@slave ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@slave ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@slave ~]# curl 192.168.129.135
This is BACKUP
配置主keepalived
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens160
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 12345678
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.129.250
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.129.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.129.134 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.129.135 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
配置备keepalived
[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@slave ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens160
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 12345678
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.129.250
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.129.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.129.134 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.129.135 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@slave ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
在MASTER上查看
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:04:e2:3a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.129.134/24 brd 192.168.129.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.129.250/32 scope global ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::5f9d:bb13:b9cf:e4a2/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
SLAVE上查看
[root@slave ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:aa:87:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.129.135/24 brd 192.168.129.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::830b:1a3a:1104:10b5/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
此步可做可不做,该功能可用于仅监听VIP的时候
在master上修改内核参数
[root@master ~]# echo ‘net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1’ >>/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
[root@master ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_nonlocal_bind
1
在slave上修改内核参数
[root@slave ~]# echo ‘net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1’ >>/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@slave ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
[root@slave ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_nonlocal_bind
1
在master上编写脚本
[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_n.sh
[root@master scripts]# cat check_n.sh
#!/bin/bash
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev “grep|$0”|grep ‘\bhttpd\b’|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_n.sh
[root@master scripts]# ll
总用量 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 130 10月 21 19:17 check_n.sh
[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
[root@master scripts]# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail (){
subject=“${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate”
content=“date +'%F %T'
: hostname
’s state change to master”
echo c o n t e n t ∣ m a i l − s " content | mail -s " content∣mail−s"subject" 2464146612@qq.com
}
case “$1” in
master)
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev “grep|$0”|grep ‘\bhttpd\b’|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start httpd
fi
sendmail
;;
backup)
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev “grep|$0”|grep ‘\bhttpd\b’|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop httpd
fi
;;
*)
echo “Usage:$0 master|backup VIP”
;;
esac
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@master scripts]# ll
总用量 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 130 10月 21 19:17 check_n.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 444 10月 21 19:18 notify.sh
在slave上编写脚本
[root@slave ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@slave ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@slave scripts]# vim notify.sh
[root@slave scripts]# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail (){
subject=“${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate”
content=“date +'%F %T'
: hostname
’s state change to master”
echo c o n t e n t ∣ m a i l − s " content | mail -s " content∣mail−s"subject" 2464146612@qq.com
}
case “$1” in
master)
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev “grep|$0”|grep ‘\bhttpd\b’|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start httpd
fi
sendmail
;;
backup)
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev “grep|$0”|grep ‘\bhttpd\b’|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop httpd
fi
;;
*)
echo “Usage:$0 master|backup VIP”
;;
esac
[root@slave scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@slave scripts]# ll
总用量 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 445 10月 21 19:19 notify.sh
配置主keepalived
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
#添加一下五行内容
vrrp_script httpd_check {
script “/scripts/check_n.sh”
interval 1
weight -20 #权重减20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens160
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
nopreempt
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 12345678
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.129.250
}
track_script {
httpd_check
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.129.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.129.134 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.129.135 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
最后
无论是哪家公司,都很重视基础,大厂更加重视技术的深度和广度,面试是一个双向选择的过程,不要抱着畏惧的心态去面试,不利于自己的发挥。同时看中的应该不止薪资,还要看你是不是真的喜欢这家公司,是不是能真的得到锻炼。
针对以上面试技术点,我在这里也做一些分享,希望能更好的帮助到大家。
t {
httpd_check
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.129.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.129.134 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.129.135 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
最后
无论是哪家公司,都很重视基础,大厂更加重视技术的深度和广度,面试是一个双向选择的过程,不要抱着畏惧的心态去面试,不利于自己的发挥。同时看中的应该不止薪资,还要看你是不是真的喜欢这家公司,是不是能真的得到锻炼。
针对以上面试技术点,我在这里也做一些分享,希望能更好的帮助到大家。
[外链图片转存中…(img-flxj9J5D-1715406987764)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-AqKXdiB5-1715406987764)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-SVBgT1UC-1715406987765)]