异步Future模式理解及实现案例

业务中常常会有这样一种场景：多个资源需要同时处理，我们一般会采用以下几种方式

调用线程池的Task类继承Thread或者实现Runnable接口以达到多线程处理的目的；而这种方式却没有线程执行结果的返回值，这样的话往往有需要再做收集结果集，另外处理的方式。

另一种采用异步方式，描述为线程类继承Callable<V>的方式返回异步Future，这种方式会在每个线程返回V结果变量

首先了解Future使用方法：

package java.util.concurrent;
/**
 * A <tt>Future</tt> represents the result of an asynchronous
 * computation.  Methods are provided to check if the computation is
 * complete, to wait for its completion, and to retrieve the result of
 * the computation.  The result can only be retrieved using method
 * <tt>get</tt> when the computation has completed, blocking if
 * necessary until it is ready.  Cancellation is performed by the
 * <tt>cancel</tt> method.  Additional methods are provided to
 * determine if the task completed normally or was cancelled. Once a
 * computation has completed, the computation cannot be cancelled.
 * If you would like to use a <tt>Future</tt> for the sake
 * of cancellability but not provide a usable result, you can
 * declare types of the form {@code Future<?>} and
 * return <tt>null</tt> as a result of the underlying task.
 *
 * <p>
 * <b>Sample Usage</b> (Note that the following classes are all
 * made-up.) <p>
 *  <pre> {@code
 * interface ArchiveSearcher { String search(String target); }
 * class App {
 *   ExecutorService executor = ...
 *   ArchiveSearcher searcher = ...
 *   void showSearch(final String target)
 *       throws InterruptedException {
 *     Future<String> future
 *       = executor.submit(new Callable<String>() {
 *         public String call() {
 *             return searcher.search(target);
 *         }});
 *     displayOtherThings(); // do other things while searching
 *     try {
 *       displayText(future.get()); // use future
 *     } catch (ExecutionException ex) { cleanup(); return; }
 *   }
 * }}</pre>
 *
 * The {@link FutureTask} class is an implementation of <tt>Future</tt> that
 * implements <tt>Runnable</tt>, and so may be executed by an <tt>Executor</tt>.
 * For example, the above construction with <tt>submit</tt> could be replaced by:
 *  <pre> {@code
 *     FutureTask<String> future =
 *       new FutureTask<String>(new Callable<String>() {
 *         public String call() {
 *           return searcher.search(target);
 *       }});
 *     executor.execute(future);}</pre>
 *
 * <p>Memory consistency effects: Actions taken by the asynchronous computation
 * <a href="package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"> <i>happen-before</i></a>
 * actions following the corresponding {@code Future.get()} in another thread.
 *
 * @see FutureTask
 * @see Executor
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 * @param <V> The result type returned by this Future's <tt>get</tt> method
 */
 public interface Future<V> {
  
        boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);  
        boolean isCancelled();  
        boolean isDone();  
        V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;  
        V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)  
            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;  
    }  

例如实例执行求多个资源业务操作之和

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
 * @Description:
 * @ClassName: FutureTest
 * @Author: zhubo
 * @Date: 2016年9月28日 上午9:07:59
 * <ModifyLog>
 * @ModifyContent:
 * @Author:
 * @Date:	
 * </ModifyLog>	
 */
public class FutureTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		List<Resurce> list = new ArrayList<Resurce>();
		for(int i =0;i<100;i++){
			list.add(new Resurce(i+1,i+2));
		}
		
		System.out.println("end count:"+test2(list)+" date :"+new Date());
	}
	
	public static Integer test2(List<Resurce> list){
		System.out.println("begin test2"+new Date());
		List<Future<Integer>> workers;
    	ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(list.size());
        workers = new ArrayList<Future<Integer>>(list.size());
        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(list.size());
        for(final Resurce resurce :list ){
        	  workers.add(executor.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
                  @Override
                  public Integer call() {
                	  try {
                		  //模拟业务操作
                    	  Thread.sleep(1000);
                	  }catch(Exception e){
                		  System.err.println("this has a Exception ");
                		  e.printStackTrace();
                	  }finally{
                		  latch.countDown();
                	  }
                	  return resurce.add();
                  }
            }));
        }
        try {
            while (true) {
                latch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//一个较长的时间
                if (latch.getCount() != list.size()) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      	  System.err.println("this has a InterruptedException ");
		  e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
        	//线程池关闭用在此处是不合适的，应用中应该抽取close方法；此处仅为了测试
        	if(executor!=null){
        		executor.shutdown();
        	}
        }
        Integer count=0;
        for (Future<Integer> worker : workers) {
            try {
                if (worker.isDone() && !worker.isCancelled()) {
                	Integer a = worker.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                	count =count+a;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
            	 System.err.println("this has a workerException ");
       		     e.printStackTrace();
            }
       }
        return count;
    }
}