java设计模式之装饰者模式

java设计模式之装饰者模式

装饰者模式的出现

装饰者的初衷：有时候继承无法完全解决问题；
比如：星巴克咖啡，对这种咖啡价格计算，我们在计算咖啡价格的时候，肯定会根据顾客点的咖啡是怎样搭配的才计算出价格；
假设有四种咖啡：HouseBlend、DarkRoaat、Decaf、Espresso。
同样有四种可以搭配的选择：Milk、Mocha、Soy、Whip。
顾客A：HouseBlend+Milk+Mocha
顾客B：DarkRoaat+Whip+Milk
……
有N多种搭配；
四种咖啡有不同的价格、同样四种搭配也有不同的价格；这个单子拿给顾客的时候、顾客可以任意点一种咖啡、可以任意搭配。
要统计每种搭配的价格，我需要写N多个类！！！会不会类爆炸。
装饰者模式动态的将责任附加到对象上，若要扩展功能，装饰者提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案！

类图

星巴克咖啡类图：

代码块

Beverage类

package beveragedecorator;

/**
 * Created by Pakar on 2016/4/8.
 */
public abstract class Beverage {

    protected String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public abstract double getPrice();

}

HouseBlend被装饰者

package beveragedecorator;

/**
 * Created by Pakar on 2016/4/8.
 * HouseBlend类，被装饰者的初始状态
 */
public class HouseBlend extends Beverage {


    public HouseBlend() {
        name = "原味咖啡";
    }

    @Override
    public double getPrice() {
        return 10;
    }
}

CondimentDecorator装饰者基类

package beveragedecorator;

/**
 * Created by Pakar on 2016/4/8.
 * 配料的基类,装饰者,用来对HouseBlend类进行多层装饰
 */
public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {

    public abstract String getName();
}

具体装饰类

Mocha类

package beveragedecorator;

/**
 * Created by Pakar on 2016/4/8.
 */
public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {

    private Beverage beverage;

    public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return beverage.getName() + " +Mocha";
    }

    @Override
    public double getPrice() {
        return beverage.getPrice() + 1.5;
    }
}

Whip类

package beveragedecorator;

/**
 * Created by Pakar on 2016/4/8.
 */
public class Whip extends CondimentDecorator {

    private Beverage beverage;

    public Whip(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return beverage.getName() + " +Whip";
    }

    @Override
    public double getPrice() {
        return beverage.getPrice() + 0.5;
    }
}

测试

package beveragedecorator;

/**
 * Created by Pakar on 2016/4/8.
 */
public class MainTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Beverage beverage = new HouseBlend();
        System.out.println(beverage.getName() + " 价钱：" + beverage.getPrice());
        Mocha mocha = new Mocha(beverage);
        System.out.println(mocha.getName() + " 价钱:" + mocha.getPrice());
        Whip whip = new Whip(beverage);
        System.out.println(whip.getName() + " 价钱:" + whip.getPrice());

        CondimentDecorator decorator = new Mocha(new Whip(beverage));
        System.out.println(decorator.getName() + " 价钱:" + decorator.getPrice());
    }
}

运行结果：