(Android) MediaPlayer & AudioRecord

MediaRecorder和AudioRecord都可以录制音频，区别是MediaRecorder录制的音频文件是经过压缩后的，需要设置编码器。并且录制的音频文件可以用系统自带的Music播放器播放。

而AudioRecord录制的是PCM格式的音频文件，需要用AudioTrack来播放，AudioTrack更接近底层。

在用MediaRecorder进行录制音视频时，最终还是会创建AudioRecord用来与AudioFlinger进行交互。

C++层MediaRecorder创建AudioRecord类的代码位于AudioSource类构造函数中，代码如下：

1. mRecord = new AudioRecord(  
2.             inputSource, sampleRate, AudioSystem::PCM_16_BIT,  
3.             channels > 1? AudioSystem::CHANNEL_IN_STEREO: AudioSystem::CHANNEL_IN_MONO,  
4.             16 * kMaxBufferSize / sizeof(int16_t), /* Enable ping-pong buffers */  
5.             flags);  

AudioSource对象的创建位于StagefrightRecorder::createAudioSource()函数中，而createAudioSource函数又是在StagefrightRecorder类开始录音或录像时被创建的。

AudioRecord API

private boolean isPlaying = false;
private boolean isRecording = false;

private String filePath;

private int frequence = 8000; //录制频率，单位hz.这里的值注意了，写的不好，可能实例化AudioRecord对象的时候，会出错。我开始写成11025就不行。这取决于硬件设备
private int channelConfig = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO;
private int audioEncoding = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;

class RecordAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, Void>{

    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
        File audioFile = new File(filePath);
        if(audioFile.exists()){
            audioFile.delete();
        }
        try {
            audioFile.createNewFile();
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        isRecording = true;
        try {
            //开通输出流到指定的文件
            DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(audioFile)));
            //根据定义好的几个配置，来获取合适的缓冲大小
            int bufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(frequence, channelConfig, audioEncoding);
            //实例化AudioRecord
            AudioRecord record = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, frequence, channelConfig, audioEncoding, bufferSize);
            //定义缓冲
            short[] buffer = new short[bufferSize];

            //开始录制
            record.startRecording();

            int r = 0; //存储录制进度
            //定义循环，根据isRecording的值来判断是否继续录制
            while(isRecording){
                //从bufferSize中读取字节，返回读取的short个数
                //这里老是出现buffer overflow，不知道是什么原因，试了好几个值，都没用，TODO：待解决
                int bufferReadResult = record.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
                //循环将buffer中的音频数据写入到OutputStream中
                for(int i=0; i<bufferReadResult; i++){
                    dos.writeShort(buffer[i]);
                }
                publishProgress(new Integer(r)); //向UI线程报告当前进度
                r++; //自增进度值
            }
            //录制结束
            record.stop();
            dos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

class PlayAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, Void> {

    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
        // Get the file we want to playback.
        File audioFile = new File(filePath);
        isPlaying = true;
        int bufferSize = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(frequence, channelConfig, audioEncoding);
        short[] buffer = new short[bufferSize/4];
        try {
            //定义输入流，将音频写入到AudioTrack类中，实现播放
            DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(audioFile)));
            //实例AudioTrack
            AudioTrack track = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, frequence, channelConfig, audioEncoding, bufferSize, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);
            //开始播放
            track.play();
            //由于AudioTrack播放的是流，所以，我们需要一边播放一边读取
            while(isPlaying && dis.available()>0){
                int i = 0;
                while(dis.available()>0 && i<buffer.length){
                    buffer[i] = dis.readShort();
                    i++;
                }
                //然后将数据写入到AudioTrack中
                track.write(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

            }

            //播放结束
            track.stop();
            dis.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

MediaPlayer API

//Start recording

mRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
mRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);

mRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.AMR_NB);//Call this after setAudioSource()
mRecorder.setOutputFile(filePath);// Call this after setOutputFormat()
mRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);//Call this after setOutputFormat()
mRecorder.setAudioChannels(1); //1:mono, 2:stereo
mRecorder.setAudioSamplingRate(8000); // 16kHz for AMR_WB ,8kHz for AMR_NB

try {
    mRecorder.prepare();
    mRecorder.start();
    isRecording = true;
}catch (IOException e){
    e.printStackTrace();
}

//Stop recording

if (mRecorder != null) {
    mRecorder.stop();
    mRecorder.release();
    mRecorder = null;
}

//Start playing Local file

mRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
mRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
mRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);
mRecorder.setOutputFile(FileName);
mRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);
try {
    mRecorder.prepare();
} catch (IOException e) {
    Log.e(LOG_TAG, "prepare() failed");
}
mRecorder.start();  

//Start playing video online

Uri myUri = ....; // initialize Uri here
MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(getApplicationContext(), myUri);
mediaPlayer.prepare();
mediaPlayer.start();

//Stop playing

mPlayer.release();
mPlayer = null;