参数保护性拷贝

effective java中的第 39个话题，大概说的就是这个意思，应该很容易明白

public class DataTest {
    private final Date start;
    private final Date end;

    public DataTest(Date start, Date end) {
       if(start.compareTo(end) > 0){
           throw new IllegalArgumentException("时间不对");
       }
       this.start = start;
       this.end = end;
    }

    public Date getStart() {
        return start;
    }

    public Date getEnd() {
        return end;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Date start = new Date();
        Thread.sleep(2);
        Date end = new Date();
        DataTest dataTest = new DataTest(start, end);
        System.out.println(dataTest.getStart().getTime());
        System.out.println(dataTest.getEnd().getTime());
        //第一种风险，修改start的属性值
        start.setYear(2022);
        System.out.println(dataTest.getStart().getTime());
        System.out.println(dataTest.getEnd().getTime());

        //第二种风险
        dataTest.getStart().setYear(2022);
        System.out.println(dataTest.getStart().getTime());
        System.out.println(dataTest.getEnd().getTime());

    }
}

应对第一种风险，解决修改构造方法

public DataTest(Date start, Date end) {
       if(start.compareTo(end) > 0){
           throw new IllegalArgumentException("时间不对");
       }
       this.start = new Date(start.getTime());
       this.end = new Date(end.getTime());
    }

应对第二种风险，解决修改get方法

public Date getStart() {
        return new Date(start.getTime());
    }

    public Date getEnd() {
        return new Date(end.getTime());
    }