在java多线程中,除了锁同步外,还提供了另外一种机制:volatile关键字。
volatile关键字比锁同步更加轻量级、方便。被volatile关键字修饰的共享变量,写了后会立刻更新到共享内存中,其它线程读取的时候直接从共享内存中读取,所以可以立即看到。
用final修饰的变量不能被volatile修饰,否则会编译报错。
例如,下面的代码,共享变量testValue 没有用volatile关键字修饰,在写线程中更新了值,在读线程中看不见:
package com.thb;
public class Test2 {
//static volatile int testValue = 1;
static int testValue = 1;
static void write() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " in");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
testValue = 2;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": out");
}
static void read() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": in");
while (testValue != 2) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": see the changed value");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": out");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {Test2.write();}, "write thread").start();
new Thread(() -> {Test2.read();}, "read thread").start();
}
}
执行结果:
现在加上volatile关键字修饰,写线程更新后,读线程可以看见:
package com.thb;
public class Test2 {
static volatile int testValue = 1;
//static int testValue = 1;
static void write() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " in");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
testValue = 2;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": out");
}
static void read() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": in");
while (testValue != 2) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": see the changed value");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": out");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {Test2.write();}, "write thread").start();
new Thread(() -> {Test2.read();}, "read thread").start();
}
}
执行结果: