C++学习历程5： 函数

1.定义

int add(int num1, int num2)
{
	int sum = num1 + num2;
	return sum;
}

2. 调用

int main() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 10;
	//调用add函数
	int sum = add(a, b);//调用时的a，b称为实际参数，简称实参
	cout << "sum = " << sum << endl;
	return 0;
}

a,b 为实际参数即实参， num1，num2为形式参数即形参

3.函数参数值传递

void swap(int num1, int num2)
{
	cout << "交换前：" << endl;
	cout << "num1 = " << num1 << endl;
	cout << "num2 = " << num2 << endl;

	int temp = num1;
	num1 = num2;
	num2 = temp;

	cout << "交换后：" << endl;
	cout << "num1 = " << num1 << endl;
	cout << "num2 = " << num2 << endl;

	//return ; 当函数声明时候，不需要返回值，可以不写return
}

int main() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;

	swap(a, b);

	cout << "mian中的 a = " << a << endl;//不变  10
	cout << "mian中的 b = " << b << endl;//不变  20

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

值传递的参数传递方式不会改变实参的值。

4.函数的分文件编写

//swap.h文件
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

//实现两个数字交换的函数声明
void swap(int a, int b);

//swap.cpp文件
#include "swap.h"
//函数定义
void swap(int a, int b)
{
	int temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;

	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
}

//main函数文件
#include "swap.h"
int main() {

	int a = 100;
	int b = 200;
	swap(a, b);

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}