题目:
实现一个单例类,至少用3种方法。
#python #设计模式 #单例类 #metaclass
代码1:
def singleton(cls):
instances = {}
def getinstance(*args, **kwargs):
if cls not in instances:
instances[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)
return instances[cls]
return getinstance
@singleton
class MyClass(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
class MyClass2(object):
pass
a = MyClass('hello')
b = MyClass('world')
print('a.name', a.name) # a.name hello
print('b.name', b.name) # b.name hello
print('b is a', b is a) # b is a True
print('type(MyClass2)', type(MyClass2)) # type(MyClass2) <class 'type'>
print('type(MyClass)', type(MyClass)) # type(MyClass) <class 'function'>
代码2:
class Singleton(object):
_instance = None
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not isinstance(cls._instance, cls):
cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)
return cls._instance
class MyClass(Singleton):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
class MyClass2(object):
pass
a = MyClass('hello')
b = MyClass('world') # world 会覆盖 hello
print('a.name', a.name) # 输出 world
print('b.name', b.name)
print('type(MyClass2)', type(MyClass2))
print('type(MyClass)', type(MyClass))
代码3:
class Singleton(type):
_instances = {}
def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls not in cls._instances:
cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
return cls._instances[cls]
class MyClass(metaclass=Singleton):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
class MyClass2(object):
pass
a = MyClass('hello')
b = MyClass('world')
print('a.name', a.name)
print('b.name', b.name)
print('type(MyClass2)', type(MyClass2))
print('type(MyClass)', type(MyClass))