【Docker】docker日常工作总结（Dockerfile语法、编写规则）_dockerfile demo

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于 2024-05-03 15:07:07 发布

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分类专栏：程序员文章标签： docker 容器运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/pasehelpme/article/details/138416786

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🔥注意1：

WORKDIR /myapp
WORKDIR aa/

相对路径：如果有2个WORKDIR相当于进入/myapp/aa/

🔥注意2：

WORKDIR /myapp
WORKDIR /aa/

绝对路径：WORKDIR /aa/ 如果有2个WORKDIR相当于进入/aa/

🌙7、COPY：用于将宿主机中（安装docker的机器）的资源复制到容器中，进行容器共享

🔥COPY：用于将宿主机中（安装docker的机器）的资源复制到容器中，进行容器共享

格式：COPY 宿主机文件或者目录容器中的文件或者目录

COPY . .

. :将Dockerfile同级目录下的文件复制粘贴到容器中的myapp目录中

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ sudo docker run -it kobeya/myapp:latest /bin/sh
/myapp # ls
Dockerfile        fun.py            requirements.txt

注意1：

COPY fun.py /myapp/：将fun.py文件复制到myapp目录下

注意2：

COPY fun.py /aaa ：复制fun.py文件到容器中，并将fun.py复制粘贴并且命名为aaa文件

🔥如果需要复制文件到容器的某个目录中，那么最好在路径后面添加/;不然结果为将fun.py复制粘贴并且命名为aaa文件

🌙8、使用docker build来构建镜像 Makefile

sudo docker build -t kobe/myapp:v1 .

1、-t：指定构建镜像的名称和tag号，如果不指定tag，那么会自动使用latest
2、-f：指定Dockerfile文件的路径，如果命名为Dockerfile并且在当前路径下，那么不指定-f参数
3、. ：指定构建时的上下文数据
4、格式：docker build -t 镜像名:tag -f Dockerfile文件 .

🌙9、ADD：ADD与COPY命令功能相似，用于将宿主机或者远程的资源复制到容器中

可以将本地的压缩文件解压之后，复制到容器中
也可以将远程资源路径下载之后（不会解压），复制到容器中

ADD src.tar ./

ubuntu@VM-24-12-ubuntu:~/docker$ sudo docker run -it jimi/myapp:v2 /bin/sh
/myapp # ls
Dockerfile        fun.py            requirements.txt  src.tar

🌙10、RUN ：安装运行

RUN命令是在容器中执行的；
在容器中执行requirements.txt，requirements.txt是通过COPY复制过来的；
RUN命令的工作目录一定是WORKDIR指定的工作目录。

🔥是在myapp目录下运行的

如果RUN运行的不止一条命令，不建议写多个RUN，可以拼接到一个RUN中，并且要分行展示

例如

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt && \
        cat fun.py && \
        ls /home

ubuntu@VM-24-12-ubuntu:~/docker$ sudo docker build -t jimi/myapp:v4 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  14.85kB
Step 1/6 : FROM python:3.7-alpine
 ---> fe33630f7d7a
Step 2/6 : WORKDIR /myapp
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 301da95aced8
Step 3/6 : COPY . .
 ---> a4c046f8af01
Step 4/6 : ADD src.tar ./
 ---> b92b3193caae
Step 5/6 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt &&       cat fun.py &&   ls /root
 ---> Running in a5302a40e091
Collecting cowpy==1.1.0
  Downloading cowpy-1.1.0.tar.gz (14 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Building wheels for collected packages: cowpy
  Building wheel for cowpy (setup.py): started
  Building wheel for cowpy (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
  Created wheel for cowpy: filename=cowpy-1.1.0-py3-none-any.whl size=10655 sha256=c2dfa4fefd1c5f80bc4cd440862a14a6c8f6a22aa33ca1ae4d68bf5d53c0bc34
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/4d/db/fc/21216e4bfe68a6edd7dbfd3dc0dc34263a96cacbf1e0ee5c56
Successfully built cowpy
Installing collected packages: cowpy
Successfully installed cowpy-1.1.0
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv

[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.0.1 -> 23.2.1
[notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip
from cowpy import cow
print(cow.milk_random_cow("hello,dev07"))                                            

Removing intermediate container a5302a40e091
 ---> b88569957b21
Step 6/6 : CMD python fun.py
 ---> Running in 7ffc0de38d71
Removing intermediate container 7ffc0de38d71
 ---> 2c8479fc1671
Successfully built 2c8479fc1671
Successfully tagged jimi/myapp:v4

🌙11、ENV：指定环境变量

FROM python:3.8-alpine

LABEL maintaier="kobe<118@qq.com>"
LABEL description="Dockerfile demo"

WORKDIR /myapp

COPY . .

ENV myuser=zhikong \
        myage=18

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt && \
        cat fun.py && \
        ls /home


CMD python fun.py

构建，创建镜像

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker1$ sudo docker build -t kobe/myapp:v1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  5.632kB
Step 1/8 : FROM python:3.8-alpine
 ---> 926e859df334
Step 2/8 : LABEL maintaier="kobe<118@qq.com>"
 ---> Using cache
 ---> d77df09a3a66
Step 3/8 : LABEL description="Dockerfile demo"
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 0ffecf31e2c8
Step 4/8 : WORKDIR /myapp
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 82c7391ed055
Step 5/8 : COPY . .
 ---> 6d9bb3cb0b8d
Step 6/8 : ENV myuser=zhikong 	myage=18
 ---> Running in 643df7e12cf0
Removing intermediate container 643df7e12cf0
 ---> 99b33e3abaad
Step 7/8 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt && 	cat fun.py && 	ls /home
 ---> Running in 476df4d1e83f
Collecting cowpy==1.1.0
  Downloading cowpy-1.1.0.tar.gz (14 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Building wheels for collected packages: cowpy
  Building wheel for cowpy (setup.py): started
  Building wheel for cowpy (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
  Created wheel for cowpy: filename=cowpy-1.1.0-py3-none-any.whl size=10656 sha256=f19df94a3979606a4a78661667a031949e185b6eb90d10bc883452f7e133f971
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/26/23/e0/6d551b2cf42dd0e359edf54fab392e64a3bfb0d197759ef03e
Successfully built cowpy
Installing collected packages: cowpy
Successfully installed cowpy-1.1.0
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
WARNING: You are using pip version 22.0.4; however, version 22.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/usr/local/bin/python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
from cowpy import cow
print(cow.milk_random_cow("hello,dev07"))
Removing intermediate container 476df4d1e83f
 ---> 4f53a90478a3
Step 8/8 : CMD python fun.py
 ---> Running in eeeca0281985
Removing intermediate container eeeca0281985
 ---> c005edf44c7c
Successfully built c005edf44c7c
Successfully tagged kobe/myapp:v1

运行容器：

sudo docker run -it kobe/myapp:v1 env

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker1$ sudo docker run -it kobe/myapp:v1 env
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=85b6000b4128
TERM=xterm
LANG=C.UTF-8
GPG_KEY=E3FF2839C048B25C084DEBE9B26995E310250568
PYTHON_VERSION=3.8.13
PYTHON_PIP_VERSION=22.0.4
PYTHON_SETUPTOOLS_VERSION=57.5.0
PYTHON_GET_PIP_URL=https://github.com/pypa/get-pip/raw/6ce3639da143c5d79b44f94b04080abf2531fd6e/public/get-pip.py
PYTHON_GET_PIP_SHA256=ba3ab8267d91fd41c58dbce08f76db99f747f716d85ce1865813842bb035524d
myuser=zhikong
myage=18
HOME=/root

🔥注意：在命令中用-e指定的全局变量优先级高于Dockerfile指定的全局变量

🌙12、EXPOSE：将我们暴露出来的端口添加到Dockerfile文件中

格式：EXPOSE 8005
运行容器只能指定-p 8005：80
sudo docker run -it -p 8005:80 kobe/myapp:v1 /bin/sh

FROM python:3.8-alpine

LABEL maintaier="kobe<118@qq.com>"
LABEL description="Dockerfile demo"

WORKDIR /myapp

COPY . .

ENV myuser=zhikong \
        myage=18

EXPOSE 8005

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt && \
        cat fun.py && \
        ls /home


CMD python fun.py

🌙13、VOLUME：指定数据卷

VOLUME /myapp

FROM python:3.8-alpine

LABEL maintaier="kobe<118@qq.com>"
LABEL description="Dockerfile demo"

WORKDIR /myapp

COPY . .

ENV myuser=zhikong \
        myage=18

EXPOSE 8005
VOLUME /myapp

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt && \
        cat fun.py && \
        ls /home


CMD python fun.py

生成自定义镜像文件

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker1$ sudo docker build -t kobe/myapp:v1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  5.632kB
Step 1/10 : FROM python:3.8-alpine
 ---> 926e859df334
Step 2/10 : LABEL maintaier="kobe<118@qq.com>"
 ---> Using cache
 ---> d77df09a3a66
Step 3/10 : LABEL description="Dockerfile demo"
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 0ffecf31e2c8
Step 4/10 : WORKDIR /myapp
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 82c7391ed055
Step 5/10 : COPY . .
...
...
...

运行容器

运行命令中指定-v myapp_v6:/myapp
宿主机中的myapp_v6目录与容器中的myapp目录相映射

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker1$ sudo docker run -it -p 8005:80 -v myapp_v6:/myapp kobe/myapp:v1 /bin/sh
/myapp # ls
Dockerfile        fun.py            requirements.txt
/myapp #

到宿主机中查看映射的数据卷：

sudo docker volume ls

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker/docker_888$ sudo docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     4f47bec7346a7eb6c9aa649a106d04659510f03e8b4703c458fa9f2a42789433
local     5faa504dd145732e6d4e4df20029c68251ecc1caecd1ab852053d1ec36b3aec9
local     8c9f9fd267a96b952fe55c3003dfa465b4f03be8f03e4fad5ec8351c14571ea8
local     97fff49444e3bb0e0d645acb4e58dd4d858adf0602c0e1a148611b8fa2c41489
local     781caa242336789da568505678c8993526b06dcaae8838c44825daf8a715c54d
local     937eb5f474823192d093ee01a42fdf44e2ef0b4945583dc3b85f0c807d6dccbb
local     19386203fc92fe20cf84aa4bc25c59714af8ce0341192360a1fee3d8fcd90c69
local     c70b1dddf7f1fc2081beb035466b2086a1f595eb8cd5bc3feddda83e3d74a741
local     ce7599f23cc77c08cc3138a4acc6837211a3c3c011cf522fc9db29c6bc8ed6f9
local     deb359cde637d5df17b745130ce7a0cbacc01337df9413523eb24f72e8753c30
local     e579bcfef5dabdc55f7618e60fe0df72fd922e2f94759db2e988d0e70d00f76c
local     myapp_v
local     myapp_v1
local     myapp_v6
local     nnn
local     v1

查看数据卷的详细信息：

sudo docker inspect myapp_v6

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker/docker_888$ sudo docker inspect myapp_v6
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2022-06-03T23:29:54+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/myapp\_v6/\_data",
        "Name": "myapp\_v6",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]

🌙🔥14、解决cat: /var/lib/docker/volumes/myapp_v6/_data: 权限不够的问题

sudo docker run -it --privileged --pid=host debian nsenter -t 1 -m -u -n -i sh
cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/数据卷名称/_data

hilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker/docker_888$ cat /var/lib/docker/volumes/myapp_v6/_data
cat: /var/lib/docker/volumes/myapp_v6/_data: 权限不够
zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker/docker_888$ docker run -it --privileged --pid=host debian nsenter -t 1 -m -u -n -i sh
Unable to find image 'debian:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/debian
e756f3fdd6a3: Already exists 
Digest: sha256:3f1d6c17773a45c97bd8f158d665c9709d7b29ed7917ac934086ad96f92e4510
Status: Downloaded newer image for debian:latest
# ls
bin  boot  cdrom  dev  etc  home  lib  lib32  lib64  libx32  lost+found  media	mnt  opt  proc	root  run  sbin  snap  srv  swapfile  sys  tmp	usr  var
# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/myapp\_v6/\_data
# ls
Dockerfile  fun.py  requirements.txt
# exit

🌙15、CMD：是运行容器的时候默认执行的命令

CMD有两种格式

a、shell格式(不推荐格式)
b、exec格式(exec格式)：CMD [“python”,“fun.py”]

CMD ["python","fun.py"]

Dockerfile文件中出现多个CMD，只会执行最后一个CMD，前面的都会被忽略

CMD ["python","fun.py"]  不执行
CMD ["ls","/"]    执行

在运行一个容器的时候，如果在镜像名称后指定其他命令，会默认把Dockerfile中的CMD命令覆盖

例如下面的命令会执行ls /

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker1$ sudo docker rmi -f kobe/myapp:v1 && sudo docker build -t kobe/myapp:v1 . && sudo docker run kobe/myapp:v1 ls /

例如下面的命令会执行python文件 /

FROM python:3.7-alpine
  
WORKDIR /myapp

COPY . .

ADD src.tar ./

EXPOSE 8005

VOLUME /myapp

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt && \
        cat fun.py && \
        ls /root

CMD ["python","fun.py"]

ubuntu@VM-24-12-ubuntu:~/docker$ sudo docker rmi -f jimi/myapp:v6 && sudo docker build -t jimi/myapp:v6 . && sudo docker run jimi/myapp:v6 
Untagged: jimi/myapp:v6
Deleted: sha256:1d6534afc470e56c4ff6db65de1d2f844afb040f10786f0636d00519ca4391b9
Deleted: sha256:6c9d6d601f2a016937a5520f779248bee5c5701c62d87e6c1368a4fed8c4b675
Deleted: sha256:acc9d8a27c2d1f2ae6049392aa6efb7ac30a15c9945d9535aeb21be66b5f9703
Deleted: sha256:fd188eb32c77ad2058363a200277ad2049ef6130b85e0da1a0276b7aeec89ae0
Deleted: sha256:6acec67a2d3228b156ca5aee4876da8adc53ba7da198e55a5208e1baee92a84e
Deleted: sha256:3cda1fec94ae5981f69c5a14355c4a7f23039cfb1392ee89e4e3cde401f5825b
Sending build context to Docker daemon  14.85kB
Step 1/8 : FROM python:3.7-alpine
 ---> fe33630f7d7a
Step 2/8 : WORKDIR /myapp
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 301da95aced8
Step 3/8 : COPY . .
 ---> fc4133b9d21d
Step 4/8 : ADD src.tar ./
 ---> 77cec8366b62
Step 5/8 : EXPOSE 8005
 ---> Running in d178385bd07e
Removing intermediate container d178385bd07e
 ---> 76353f26a2d4
Step 6/8 : VOLUME /myapp
 ---> Running in 0c7fab0dcd54
Removing intermediate container 0c7fab0dcd54
 ---> be21f26c5698
Step 7/8 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt &&       cat fun.py &&   ls /root
 ---> Running in e70f0ebb9a9e
Collecting cowpy==1.1.0
  Downloading cowpy-1.1.0.tar.gz (14 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Building wheels for collected packages: cowpy


![img](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b85995bb3f20b739edea9915c37a7e22.png)
![img](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/239f48bfe5cf01e8bc0cb0579a7b6685.png)
![img](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5cc7ff548474e09d655cbff829cc4ec5.png)

**既有适合小白学习的零基础资料，也有适合3年以上经验的小伙伴深入学习提升的进阶课程，涵盖了95%以上大数据知识点，真正体系化！**

**由于文件比较多，这里只是将部分目录截图出来，全套包含大厂面经、学习笔记、源码讲义、实战项目、大纲路线、讲解视频，并且后续会持续更新**

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Step 7/8 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt &&       cat fun.py &&   ls /root
 ---> Running in e70f0ebb9a9e
Collecting cowpy==1.1.0
  Downloading cowpy-1.1.0.tar.gz (14 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Building wheels for collected packages: cowpy


[外链图片转存中...(img-JArKKIx8-1714719982986)]
[外链图片转存中...(img-qKBHDx6g-1714719982987)]
[外链图片转存中...(img-RLgIiinL-1714719982988)]

**既有适合小白学习的零基础资料，也有适合3年以上经验的小伙伴深入学习提升的进阶课程，涵盖了95%以上大数据知识点，真正体系化！**

**由于文件比较多，这里只是将部分目录截图出来，全套包含大厂面经、学习笔记、源码讲义、实战项目、大纲路线、讲解视频，并且后续会持续更新**

**[需要这份系统化资料的朋友，可以戳这里获取](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618545628)**

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【Docker】docker日常工作总结（Dockerfile语法、编写规则）_dockerfile demo

COPY fun.py /myapp/：将fun.py文件复制到myapp目录下。a、shell格式(不推荐格式)
复制链接

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