Linux源码安装mysql8.0

安装包下载地址：

https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

8.0的包是直接提供了已编译的文件，不需要像之前的版本那样从源码编译了，这里主要就是进行相关的一些配置。

以下步骤：

1、解压安装包

tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

mv mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64 /home/mysql  # 我部署在这个目录下

2、配置账号

groupadd mysql

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql # 这是创建一个非登录授权的用户

mkdir -p /home/mysql/data

chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql

3、设置mysql配置文件

mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.conf.bak

vi /etc/my.cnf

输入以下内容：

[cient]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user            = mysql
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
datadir         = /home/mysql/data

slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=mysqld-slow.log
long_query_time=2

#fix group by problem up 5.7.9
sql-mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'

# binlog
server-id=1
log-bin=bin_log

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

# character settings
init_connect = SET NAMES utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci

# can't set this variable in this way, try set global default_collation_for_utf8mb4='utf8mb4_general_ci';
# default_collation_for_utf8mb4 = utf8mb4_general_ci

 尾部是设置一些字符集和排序集，这里是我常用的设置，大家可以根据自己的环境调整

注意：default_collation_for_utf8mb4 是创建库表时，默认的排序集，mysql8默认是utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci，但是现在阶段还涉及到与5.x版本兼容的问题，因此我这里就需要在数据库启动好后，手工执行一次设置默认排序集的命令：

set global default_collation_for_utf8mb4='utf8mb4_general_ci';

4、执行初始化命令

cd /home/mysql/bin

./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize

 执行成功会显示初始化密码，类似：

2023-05-08T12:14:08.597695Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /home/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.30) initializing of server in progress as process 11847
2023-05-08T12:14:08.606474Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-05-08T12:14:09.017540Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-05-08T12:14:10.252818Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: xxxxxxxxxxx

5、启动mysql

/home/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

6、修改初始密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

flush privileges;

7、善后工作

• 将mysql路径放入环境变量：在/etc/profile文件中加入：

export PATH=$PATH:/home/mysql/bin

• 设置开机启动，我习惯放在rc.local中（也可以加入系统服务中）：

/home/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

如果是新系统，特别注意要给rc.local授执行权限：

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local 

至此，大功告成！

附，8.0的用户授权命令做了调整，如下：

# 8.0版本需要将创建用户和授权进行分步进行：
 
# 创建账号密码
CREATE USER `username`@`host` IDENTIFIED BY 'passowrd';
 
# 授予权限
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO `username`@`host` WITH GRANT OPTION;
 
# 删除权限
REVOKE all privileges ON databasename.tablename FROM 'username'@'host';
 
# 修改密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '你的密码';
 
 
# 创建带过期时间的用户：
CREATE USER `username`@`host` IDENTIFIED BY 'username' PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL 90 DAY;
 
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO `username`@`host` WITH GRANT OPTION;

# 删除用户
DROP USER `username`@`host`;