一.实验拓扑
二.实验步骤
1.除了 R5 的环回地址固定 5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于 192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分;
2.R1-R4 每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟 PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24 网络内;
3.R1-R4 不能直接编写到达 5.5.5.0/24 的静态路由，但依然可以访问;
4.全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量，避免环路;
5.R4与 R5 间，正常 1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为 100M;
三、实验思路:
1、划分 IP(划分IP 的方式有多种，以下划分方式可做为参考)，并给相应设备配置 IP 地址。
分析: 纵观整个网络拓扑 (包括环回网段，考虑汇总)，可将192.168.1.0/24 划分为5 个大的网段。
(1) 192.168.1.0/27----骨干链路
分析:骨干链路有 6条.继续将 192.168.1.0/27 网段，划分成6个小网段。30 位的掩码。也可保证每条链路只有两个 IP 地址可配，节约 IP地址。“
192.168.1.0/30 192.168.1.4/30 192.168.1.8/30 192.168.1.12/30 192.168.1.16/30 192.168.1.20/30
(2)192.1681.32/27---R1环回
分析:考虑到环回地址，最后需要汇总，故为了汇总方便，可将192.168.1.32/27 继续划分出两个 连续的小网段，分别给两个环回口 同理R2/R3/R4的环回划分也是一样的思想。
L0:·192.168.1.32/28
L1:····192.168.1.48/28
(3) 192.168.1.64/27----R2 环回
L0:192.168.1.64/28 L1:192.168.1.80/28-
(4) 192.168.1.96/27----R3 环回
L0:192.168.196/28 L1:192.168.1.112/28
(5) 192.168.1.128/27----R4 环回
L0:192.168.1.128/28 L1:192.168.1.144/28
2.编写除了到达 5.5.5.0/24 之外，到达其他网段的静态路由 3.配置缺省路由，实现 5.5.5.0/24 互通，至此实现全网通，并测试 4.防环，做黑洞路由配置，
5.做备份，通过改变路由条目优先级实现、
6.测试，观察 1000Mb/s 链路故障时，数据能否走 100Mb/s 链路。
四、实验步骤*
1、配置IP 地址
[R1]int g0/0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30 [R1]-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5·30 [R1]int l0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33·28 [R1-LoopBack0]int l1 [R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49·28
[R2]int g0/0/0 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30 [R2jint l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add-192.168.1.65 28 [R2-LoopBack0]int l1 [R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28
[R3]int g0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.13 30 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.6 30 [R3]int l0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28 [R3-LoopBack0]int l1 [R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28.
[R4]int g0/0/0 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intg0/0/1 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30 [R4]int g0/0/2 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0 [R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30 [R4]int l0 [R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28 [R4-LoopBack0]int l1 [R4-LoopBack1]ip add192.168.1.145 28
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30 [R5]int g0/0/1 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.22 30 [R5]int l0 [R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
2、配置路由，除 5.5.5.0/24 外，实现其他网段可达 [R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2 [R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2 [R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2 [R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6 [R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static:192.168.1.16 30192.168.1.6 [R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6 [R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6 [R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2 [R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4:255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1 [R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10 [R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10 [R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10 [R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10 [R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1 [R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10 [R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32:27 192.168.1.1
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.5 [R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14 [R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14 [R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14 [R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5 [R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5 [R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14 [R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64·27 192.168.1.9 [R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9 [R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9 [R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13 [R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13 [R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128·27 192.168.1.17 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0:255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21
测试:
3、配置缺省路由，实现 5.5.5.0/24 互通 [R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0·0·192.168.1.2 [R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0·0 192.168.1.6 [R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0:0 192.168.1.10 [R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0·0 192.168.1.14 [R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0·0 192.168.1.18 [R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0·0 192.168.1.22
4 .防环，做黑洞路由配置, [R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0 [R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27·NULL 0 [R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0 [R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL-0 5、做备份
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0·0·192.168.1.22 preference 61 [R5]ip route-static192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61 192.168.1.64255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference.61
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