Bash Shell怎样检查文件是否存在？

在类Unix系统的Bash环境下，怎样检查文件是否存在呢？

Shell中的test命令，可以用来检测文件的类型或者比较数值是否相等，该命令也能用来检查文件是否存在。

可以用如下的命令来进行检查：

Shell

test -e filename [ -e filename ] test -f filename [ -f filename ]

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test - e filename [ - e filename ] test - f filename [ - f filename ]

下面的命令，则使用Shell的条件表达式，判断/etc/hosts文件是否存在：

Shell

[ -f /etc/hosts ] && echo "Found" || echo "Not found"

1	[ - f / etc / hosts ] && echo "Found" || echo "Not found"

该组合命令会输出以下内容：

Found

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Found

更常见的用法，则是将test命令放置在if..else..fi条件判断的条件表达式，然后在其中写上不同的分支逻辑

Shell

#!/bin/bash file="/etc/hosts" if [ -f "$file" ] then echo "$file found." else echo "$file not found." fi

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#!/bin/bash file = "/etc/hosts" if [ - f "$file" ] then echo "$file found." else echo "$file not found." fi

检测文件属性的相关操作符

如果文件存在，并且具有相应的属性，如下的操作符都会返回true：

Shell

-b FILE FILE exists and is block special -c FILE FILE exists and is character special -d FILE FILE exists and is a directory -e FILE FILE exists -f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file -g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID -G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID -h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L) -k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set -L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h) -O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID -p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe -r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted -s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero -S FILE FILE exists and is a socket -t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal -u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set -w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted -x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted

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- b FILE                FILE exists and is block special        - c FILE                FILE exists and is character special        - d FILE                FILE exists and is a directory        - e FILE                FILE exists        - f FILE                FILE exists and is a regular file        - g FILE                FILE exists and is set - group - ID        - G FILE                FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID        - h FILE                FILE exists and is a symbolic link ( same as - L )        - k FILE                FILE exists and has its sticky bit set        - L FILE                FILE exists and is a symbolic link ( same as - h )        - O FILE                FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID        - p FILE                FILE exists and is a named pipe        - r FILE                FILE exists and read permission is granted        - s FILE                FILE exists and has a size greater than zero        - S FILE                FILE exists and is a socket        - t FD   file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal        - u FILE                FILE exists and its set - user - ID bit is set        - w FILE                FILE exists and write permission is granted        - x FILE                FILE exists and execute ( or search ) permission is granted

以上命令，从man test复制而来。

使用上述符号的方法一模一样：

Shell

if [ operator FileName ] then echo "FileName - Found, take some action here" else echo "FileName - Not found, take some action here" fi

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if [ operator FileName ] then      echo "FileName - Found, take some action here" else    echo "FileName - Not found, take some action here" fi

文章翻译自：http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-test-existence-of-file-in-bash/

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