libpng库编码图片为png（RGB压缩为png图片：与ffmpeg视频解码存储为png图片）

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参考:1、http://blog.csdn.net/solstice/article/details/2062

        2、libpng库的example.c文件

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一、压缩流程：结合下面的demo。

1、定义png内部表述结构体和png图片信息结构体以及调色板：

    png_structp png_ptr;

    png_infop info_ptr;

    png_colorp palette;

2、打开输出文件output.png

    sprintf(fname, "frame%d.png", iFrame);

    FILE *fp = fopen(fname, "wb");

3、创建和初始化png_struct和png_info

     png_ptr = png_create_write_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL);  ----> REQUIRED

     /* Allocate/initialize the image information data.   */

     info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);   ---->  REQUIRED

4、设置错误跳转：

    if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))     ---->REQUIRED

    {

       /* If we get here, we had a problem writing the file */

       fclose(fp);

       png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);

       return ;

    }

5、设置输出控制（标准C流）

     png_init_io(png_ptr, fp); ---->REQUIRED

6、设置图片属性：

    /* Set the image information here.  Width and height are up to 2^31,

     * bit_depth is one of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16, but valid values also depend on

     * the color_type selected. color_type is one of PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY,

     * PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA, PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE, PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB,

     * or PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA.  interlace is either PNG_INTERLACE_NONE or

     * PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7, and the compression_type and filter_type MUST

     * currently be PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_BASE and PNG_FILTER_TYPE_BASE. 

     */

     png_set_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr, width, height, 8,

                    PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB,

                    PNG_INTERLACE_NONE,

                    PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_BASE,

                    PNG_FILTER_TYPE_BASE);     ---->REQUIRED

     注：这里的bit_depth参数为8，依赖于color_type参数：PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB。

 

7、分配和设置调色板空间

      /* 分配调色板空间。常数 PNG_MAX_PALETTE_LENGTH 的值是256 */

     palette = (png_colorp)png_malloc(png_ptr, PNG_MAX_PALETTE_LENGTH * sizeof(png_color));

     png_set_PLTE(png_ptr, info_ptr, palette, PNG_MAX_PALETTE_LENGTH);

8、写文件头

     /* Write the file header information.  REQUIRED */

     png_write_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);   ---->REQUIRED

9、写入图片信息：

    /* The easiest way to write the image */

    png_uint_32 k;

    png_byte *image;

    png_bytep row_pointers[height];

    image = pFrame->data[0];

    if (height > PNG_UINT_32_MAX/png_sizeof(png_bytep))

        png_error (png_ptr, "Image is too tall to process in memory");

    for (k = 0; k < height; k++)

        row_pointers[k] = image + k*width*3;

    /* One of the following output methods is REQUIRED */

    png_write_image(png_ptr, row_pointers);     ---->REQUIRED  

10、文件写入完成

    png_write_end(png_ptr, info_ptr);   ---->REQUIRED

11、去初始化和销毁结构体

    png_free(png_ptr, palette);

    png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);

    fclose(fp);   

    printf("success.\n"); 

 

实例：（RGB压缩为png图片：与ffmpeg视频解码结合存储为png图片）
//实现视频帧的png压缩:ffmpeg解码视频为YUV420格式，先转为RGB格式，这部分在ffmpeg里实现，这里不贴出代码。
void MyWritePNG2(AVFrame* pFrame, int width, int height, int iFrame)
{
    char fname[128] = { 0 };
    png_structp png_ptr;
    png_infop info_ptr;
    png_colorp palette;

    sprintf(fname, "frame%d.png", iFrame);

    FILE *fp = fopen(fname, "wb");
    if (fp == NULL)
          return ;

    png_ptr = png_create_write_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL);
       if (png_ptr == NULL)
       {
        fclose(fp);
          return ;
       }

    /* Allocate/initialize the image information data.  REQUIRED */
    info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
    if (info_ptr == NULL)
    {
        fclose(fp);
        png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr,  NULL);
        return ;
    }
    if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))
    {
       /* If we get here, we had a problem writing the file */
       fclose(fp);
       png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
       return ;
    }

    /* 接下来告诉 libpng 用 fwrite 来写入 PNG 文件，并传给它已按二进制方式打开的 FILE* fp */
    png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);

    /* 设置png文件的属性 */
    png_set_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr, width, height, 8,
                    PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB,
                    PNG_INTERLACE_NONE,
                    PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_BASE,
                    PNG_FILTER_TYPE_BASE);

    /* 分配调色板空间。常数 PNG_MAX_PALETTE_LENGTH 的值是256 */
    palette = (png_colorp)png_malloc(png_ptr, PNG_MAX_PALETTE_LENGTH * sizeof(png_color));

    png_set_PLTE(png_ptr, info_ptr, palette, PNG_MAX_PALETTE_LENGTH);

       /* Write the file header information.  REQUIRED */
    png_write_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);

    /* The easiest way to write the image (you may have a different memory
    * layout, however, so choose what fits your needs best).  You need to
    * use the first method if you aren't handling interlacing yourself.
    */
    png_uint_32 k;
    png_byte *image;
    png_bytep row_pointers[height];

    image = pFrame->data[0];

    if (height > PNG_UINT_32_MAX/png_sizeof(png_bytep))
        png_error (png_ptr, "Image is too tall to process in memory");

    for (k = 0; k < height; k++)
        row_pointers[k] = image + k*width*3;

    /* One of the following output methods is REQUIRED */
    png_write_image(png_ptr, row_pointers);   

    //end，进行必要的扫尾工作：
    png_write_end(png_ptr, info_ptr);
    png_free(png_ptr, palette);
    png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);

    fclose(fp);   
    printf("success.\n");
    return ;
}