Python的from import与import用法

来源：https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#packages

1. Users of the package can import individual modules from the package, for example:

#导入sound.effects包下的echo模块
import sound.effects.echo

This loads the submodule sound.effects.echo. It must be referenced with its full name.

sound.effects.echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)

2. An alternative way of importing the submodule is:

#导入sound.effects包下的echo模块
from sound.effects import echo

This also loads the submodule echo, and makes it available without its package prefix, so it can be used as follows:

echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)

3. Yet another variation is to import the desired function or variable directly:

#导入sound.effects.echo模块下的echofilter函数
from sound.effects.echo import echofilter

Again, this loads the submodule echo, but this makes its function echofilter() directly available:

echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)

Note that when using from package import item, the item can be either a submodule (or subpackage) of the package, or some other name defined in the package, like a function, class or variable. The import statement first tests whether the item is defined in the package; if not, it assumes it is a module and attempts to load it. If it fails to find it, an ImportError exception is raised.

Contrarily, when using syntax like import item.subitem.subsubitem, each item except for the last must be a package; the last item can be a module or a package but can’t be a class or function or variable defined in the previous item.

另一个来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/710551/use-import-module-or-from-module-import

import package
import module

With import, the token must be a module (a file containing Python commands) or a package (a folder in the sys.path containing a file __init__.py.)

2. When there are subpackages:

import package1.package2.package
import package1.package2.module

the requirements for folder (package) or file (module) are the same, but the folder or file must be inside package2 which must be inside package1, and both package1 and package2 must contain init.py files. https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/modules.html

3. With the from style of import:

from package1.package2 import package
from package1.package2 import module

the package or module enters the namespace of the file containing the import statement as module (or package) instead of package1.package2.module. You can always bind to a more convenient name:

a = big_package_name.subpackage.even_longer_subpackage_name.function

4. Only the from style of import permits you to name a particular function or variable:

from package3.module import some_function

is allowed, but

import package3.module.some_function 

is not allowed.