一、Handler介绍
在一个线程中存在一个消息队列,当消息队列中存在消息时,Handler就会处理这些消息;我们考虑一下这种场景:
我们要执行一个耗时很长的业务,执行完后要返回一个结果显示在TextView上,我们在主线程中执行这种业务是否合理呢?
显然是不合理的,因此我们会想到把业务放到子线程中执行,但是Android有个规定:所有更新UI的操作全要在主线程中完成,因此我们要做的就是把子线程执行完的结果传到主线程中并显示,这就需要Handler的帮忙;
比如ProgressBar、TextView的使用都会用到Handler;
当应用5秒内没有响应用户的输入,则会抛出以下错误:
Handler的原理如下:
模板代码:
- package org.xiazdong.handler;
- public class SampleActivity extends Activity {
- private Button button;
- private Handler handler = new Handler(){
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- if(msg.what == 1){
- //更新UI
- }
- if(msg.what == 2){
- //更新UI
- }
- }
- };
- private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener() {
- class ServiceThread extends Thread{
- private ServiceListener serviceListener = new ServiceListener() {
- @Override
- public void onService(int current) {//服务监听器
- //一边执行,一边发送消息给主线程
- handler.sendMessage(msg);
- }
- };
- @Override
- public void run() {
- //执行业务
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- ServiceThread thread = new ServiceThread(); //子线程执行业务
- thread.start();
- }
- };
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- button = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button);
- button.setOnClickListener(listener);
- }
- }
二、实例
程序说明:
执行一个业务:从零开始,每隔3秒加1,直到加到5,返回结果5,并通过ProgressBar实时显示加到几了;
程序类声明:
(1)ServiceListener接口:此接口专门用来监听服务进行,并根据服务进行执行逻辑
- onService(int current);
(2)Service:此类为业务类,执行此业务;
执行效果:点击开始执行,则每三秒进度条加1,等到进度满时,显示result=5;
ServiceListener.java
- package org.xiazdong.handler;
- /**
- * Service监听器
- * @author xiazdong
- *
- */
- public interface ServiceListener {
- public void onService(int current);
- }
Service.java
- package org.xiazdong.handler;
- public class Service {
- private int sum = 5;
- private int current = 0;
- public void sum(ServiceListener listener)throws Exception{
- while(current<sum){
- Thread.sleep(3000);
- current++;
- listener.onService(current);
- }
- }
- }
MainActivity.java
- package org.xiazdong.handler;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ProgressBar;
- import android.widget.TextView;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private TextView textView;
- private Button button;
- private ProgressBar progressBar;
- private Handler handler = new Handler(){
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- if(msg.what == 1){
- int current = msg.getData().getInt("current");
- progressBar.setProgress(current);
- }
- if(msg.what == 2){
- int result = msg.getData().getInt("result");
- textView.setText("result="+result);
- }
- }
- };
- private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener() {
- class ServiceThread extends Thread{
- private ServiceListener serviceListener = new ServiceListener() {
- @Override
- public void onService(int current) {//服务监听器
- Message msg = new Message();
- msg.what = 1;
- msg.getData().putInt("current", current);
- handler.sendMessage(msg);
- }
- };
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Service service = new Service();
- progressBar.setMax(5); //设置最大进度
- progressBar.setProgress(0); //初始进度为0
- try {
- service.sum(serviceListener); //执行业务,并传入监听器,监听业务的执行
- //当执行完成,发送最后的结果5给TextView
- Message msg = new Message();
- msg.what = 2;
- msg.getData().putInt("result", 5);
- handler.sendMessage(msg);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- ServiceThread thread = new ServiceThread(); //子线程执行业务
- thread.start();
- }
- };
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- textView = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.textView);
- button = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button);
- progressBar = (ProgressBar)this.findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
- button.setOnClickListener(listener);
- }
- }