@@ERROR @@ROWCOUNT 用法

@@ERROR 返回最后执行的 Transact-SQL 语句的错误代码。 语法 @@ERROR 返回类型 integer 注释 当 Microsoft® SQL Server™ 完成 Transact-SQL 语句的执行时，如果语句执行成功，则 @@ERROR 设置为 0。若出现一个错误，则返回一条错误信息。@@ERROR 返回此错误信息代码，直到另一条 Transact-SQL 语句被执行。您可以在 sysmessages 系统表中查看与 @@ERROR 错误代码相关的文本信息。 由于 @@ERROR 在每一条语句执行后被清除并且重置，应在语句验证后立即检查它，或将其保存到一个局部变量中以备事后查看。 示例 A.用 @@ERROR 检测一个特定错误 下面的示例用 @@ERROR 在一个 UPDATE 语句中检测限制检查冲突（错误 #547）。 USE pubs GO UPDATE authors SET au_id = '172 32 1176' WHERE au_id = "172-32-1176" IF @@ERROR = 547 print "A check constraint violation occurred" B.用 @@ERROR 有条件地退出一个过程 在此示例中，IF...ELSE 语句在存储过程中的 INSERT 语句后检测 @@ERROR。@@ERROR 变量的值将决定传给调用程序的返回值，以指示此过程的成功与失败。 USE pubs GO -- Create the procedure. CREATE PROCEDURE add_author @au_id varchar(11),@au_lname varchar(40), @au_fname varchar(20),@phone char(12), @address varchar(40) = NULL,@city varchar(20) = NULL, @state char(2) = NULL,@zip char(5) = NULL, @contract bit = NULL AS -- Execute the INSERT statement. INSERT INTO authors (au_id, au_lname, au_fname, phone, address, city, state, zip, contract) values (@au_id,@au_lname,@au_fname,@phone,@address, @city,@state,@zip,@contract) -- Test the error value. IF @@ERROR <> 0 BEGIN -- Return 99 to the calling program to indicate failure. PRINT "An error occurred loading the new author information" RETURN(99) END ELSE BEGIN -- Return 0 to the calling program to indicate success. PRINT "The new author information has been loaded" RETURN(0) END GO C.用 @@ERROR 检测几条语句的成功 下面的示例取决于 INSERT 和 DELETE 语句的成功操作。局部变量在两条语句后均被设置为 @@ERROR 的值，并且用于此操作的共享错误处理例程中。 USE pubs GO DECLARE @del_error int, @ins_error int -- Start a transaction. BEGIN TRAN -- Execute the DELETE statement. DELETE authors WHERE au_id = '409-56-7088' -- Set a variable to the error value for -- the DELETE statement. SELECT @del_error = @@ERROR -- Execute the INSERT statement. INSERT authors VALUES('409-56-7008', 'Bennet', 'Abraham', '415 658-9932', '6223 Bateman St.', 'Berkeley', 'CA', '94705', 1) -- Set a variable to the error value for -- the INSERT statement. SELECT @ins_error = @@ERROR -- Test the error values. IF @del_error = 0 AND @ins_error = 0 BEGIN -- Success. Commit the transaction. PRINT "The author information has been replaced" COMMIT TRAN END ELSE BEGIN -- An error occurred. Indicate which operation(s) failed -- and roll back the transaction. IF @del_error <> 0 PRINT "An error occurred during execution of the DELETE statement." IF @ins_error <> 0 PRINT "An error occurred during execution of the INSERT statement." ROLLBACK TRAN END GO D. 与 @@ROWCOUNT 一同使用 @@ERROR 下面的示例用 @@ERROR 和 @@ROWCOUNT 验证一条 UPDATE 语句的操作。为任何可能出现的错误而检验 @@ERROR 的值，而用 @@ROWCOUNT 保证更新已成功应用于表中的某行。 USE pubs GO CREATE PROCEDURE change_publisher @title_id tid, @new_pub_id char(4) AS -- Declare variables used in error checking. DECLARE @error_var int, @rowcount_var int -- Execute the UPDATE statement. UPDATE titles SET pub_id = @new_pub_id WHERE title_id = @title_id -- Save the @@ERROR and @@ROWCOUNT values in local -- variables before they are cleared. SELECT @error_var = @@ERROR, @rowcount_var = @@ROWCOUNT -- Check for errors. If an invalid @new_pub_id was specified -- the UPDATE statement returns a foreign-key violation error #547. IF @error_var <> 0 BEGIN IF @error_var = 547 BEGIN PRINT "ERROR: Invalid ID specified for new publisher" RETURN(1) END ELSE BEGIN PRINT "ERROR: Unhandled error occurred" RETURN(2) END END -- Check the rowcount. @rowcount_var is set to 0 -- if an invalid @title_id was specified. IF @rowcount_var = 0 BEGIN PRINT "Warning: The title_id specified is not valid" RETURN(1) END ELSE BEGIN PRINT "The book has been updated with the new publisher" RETURN(0) END GO