1,文件的读写
0号文件描述符—标准输入,1号文件描述符—标准输出,2号文件描述符—标准错误
#include
<
stdlib.h
>
#include < unistd.h >
#include < fcntl.h >
#include < sys / types.h >
#include < sys / stat.h >
int main()
{
int srcFile,desFile;
char * srcPath = " /home/phinecos/hello.c " ; // source file
char * desPath = " /home/phinecos/hello_back.c " ; // dest file
srcFile = open(srcPath,O_RDONLY); // open source file
if (srcFile ==- 1 )
{ // open source file failed
write( 2 , " open err/n " , 9 );
return - 1 ;
}
desFile = open(desPath,O_CREAT | O_WRONLY,S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR); // open dest file
if (desFile ==- 1 )
{ // open dest file failed
write( 2 , " open err/n " , 9 );
return - 1 ;
}
char buffer[ 256 ];
int nReaded;
while ((nReaded = read(srcFile,buffer, 256 )) > 0 )
{ // read source into buffer,then write buffer into dest
write(desFile,buffer,nReaded);
}
close(srcFile); // close source file
close(desFile); // close dest file
return 0 ;
}
#include < unistd.h >
#include < fcntl.h >
#include < sys / types.h >
#include < sys / stat.h >
int main()
{
int srcFile,desFile;
char * srcPath = " /home/phinecos/hello.c " ; // source file
char * desPath = " /home/phinecos/hello_back.c " ; // dest file
srcFile = open(srcPath,O_RDONLY); // open source file
if (srcFile ==- 1 )
{ // open source file failed
write( 2 , " open err/n " , 9 );
return - 1 ;
}
desFile = open(desPath,O_CREAT | O_WRONLY,S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR); // open dest file
if (desFile ==- 1 )
{ // open dest file failed
write( 2 , " open err/n " , 9 );
return - 1 ;
}
char buffer[ 256 ];
int nReaded;
while ((nReaded = read(srcFile,buffer, 256 )) > 0 )
{ // read source into buffer,then write buffer into dest
write(desFile,buffer,nReaded);
}
close(srcFile); // close source file
close(desFile); // close dest file
return 0 ;
}
2,lstat和stat的区别是当文件是一个符合链接时,lstat返回链接本身的信息,而stat返回的是链接所指向的文件的信息。
3,遍历一个目录
#include
<
unistd.h
>
#include < stdio.h >
#include < dirent.h >
#include < string .h >
#include < sys / stat.h >
void printdir( char * dir, int depth)
{
DIR * dp;
struct dirent * entry;
struct stat statbuf;
if ((dp = opendir(dir)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, " cannot open directory: %s/n " , dir);
return ;
}
chdir(dir);
while ((entry = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
lstat(entry -> d_name, & statbuf);
if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
/* Found a directory, but ignore . and .. */
if (strcmp( " . " ,entry -> d_name) == 0 ||
strcmp( " .. " ,entry -> d_name) == 0 )
continue ;
printf( " %*s%s//n " ,depth, "" ,entry -> d_name);
/* Recurse at a new indent level */
printdir(entry -> d_name,depth + 4 );
}
else printf( " %*s%s/n " ,depth, "" ,entry -> d_name);
}
chdir( " .. " );
closedir(dp);
}
/* Now we move onto the main function. */
int main()
{
printf( " Directory scan of /home:/n " );
printdir( " /home " , 0 );
printf( " done./n " );
exit( 0 );
}
#include < stdio.h >
#include < dirent.h >
#include < string .h >
#include < sys / stat.h >
void printdir( char * dir, int depth)
{
DIR * dp;
struct dirent * entry;
struct stat statbuf;
if ((dp = opendir(dir)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, " cannot open directory: %s/n " , dir);
return ;
}
chdir(dir);
while ((entry = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
lstat(entry -> d_name, & statbuf);
if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
/* Found a directory, but ignore . and .. */
if (strcmp( " . " ,entry -> d_name) == 0 ||
strcmp( " .. " ,entry -> d_name) == 0 )
continue ;
printf( " %*s%s//n " ,depth, "" ,entry -> d_name);
/* Recurse at a new indent level */
printdir(entry -> d_name,depth + 4 );
}
else printf( " %*s%s/n " ,depth, "" ,entry -> d_name);
}
chdir( " .. " );
closedir(dp);
}
/* Now we move onto the main function. */
int main()
{
printf( " Directory scan of /home:/n " );
printdir( " /home " , 0 );
printf( " done./n " );
exit( 0 );
}
4,内存映射文
#include
<
unistd.h
>
#include < stdio.h >
#include < sys / mman.h >
#include < fcntl.h >
// 记录结构体
typedef struct
{
int integer; // 标号
char string [ 24 ]; // 名称
} RECORD;
#define NRECORDS (100)
int main()
{
RECORD record, * mapped;
int i, f;
FILE * fp;
fp = fopen( " records.dat " , " w+ " );
for (i = 0 ; i < NRECORDS; i ++ )
{
record.integer = i;
sprintf(record. string , " RECORD-%d " ,i);
fwrite( & record, sizeof (record), 1 ,fp);
}
fclose(fp);
/* We now change the integer value of record 43 to 143
and write this to the 43rd record's string. */
fp = fopen( " records.dat " , " r+ " );
fseek(fp, 43 * sizeof (record),SEEK_SET);
fread( & record, sizeof (record), 1 ,fp);
record.integer = 143 ;
sprintf(record. string , " RECORD-%d " ,record.integer);
fseek(fp, 43 * sizeof (record),SEEK_SET);
fwrite( & record, sizeof (record), 1 ,fp);
fclose(fp);
/* We now map the records into memory
and access the 43rd record in order to change the integer to 243
(and update the record string), again using memory mapping. */
f = open( " records.dat " ,O_RDWR);
mapped = (RECORD * )mmap( 0 , NRECORDS * sizeof (record), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, f, 0 );
mapped[ 43 ].integer = 243 ;
sprintf(mapped[ 43 ]. string , " RECORD-%d " ,mapped[ 43 ].integer);
msync(( void * )mapped, NRECORDS * sizeof (record), MS_ASYNC);
munmap(( void * )mapped, NRECORDS * sizeof (record));
close(f);
exit( 0 );
}
#include < stdio.h >
#include < sys / mman.h >
#include < fcntl.h >
// 记录结构体
typedef struct
{
int integer; // 标号
char string [ 24 ]; // 名称
} RECORD;
#define NRECORDS (100)
int main()
{
RECORD record, * mapped;
int i, f;
FILE * fp;
fp = fopen( " records.dat " , " w+ " );
for (i = 0 ; i < NRECORDS; i ++ )
{
record.integer = i;
sprintf(record. string , " RECORD-%d " ,i);
fwrite( & record, sizeof (record), 1 ,fp);
}
fclose(fp);
/* We now change the integer value of record 43 to 143
and write this to the 43rd record's string. */
fp = fopen( " records.dat " , " r+ " );
fseek(fp, 43 * sizeof (record),SEEK_SET);
fread( & record, sizeof (record), 1 ,fp);
record.integer = 143 ;
sprintf(record. string , " RECORD-%d " ,record.integer);
fseek(fp, 43 * sizeof (record),SEEK_SET);
fwrite( & record, sizeof (record), 1 ,fp);
fclose(fp);
/* We now map the records into memory
and access the 43rd record in order to change the integer to 243
(and update the record string), again using memory mapping. */
f = open( " records.dat " ,O_RDWR);
mapped = (RECORD * )mmap( 0 , NRECORDS * sizeof (record), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, f, 0 );
mapped[ 43 ].integer = 243 ;
sprintf(mapped[ 43 ]. string , " RECORD-%d " ,mapped[ 43 ].integer);
msync(( void * )mapped, NRECORDS * sizeof (record), MS_ASYNC);
munmap(( void * )mapped, NRECORDS * sizeof (record));
close(f);
exit( 0 );
}