课程名:C#面向对象设计模式纵横谈(4):Builder 生成器模式(创建型模式)
李 老师先举了一个很有意思的例子来说明Builder的应用场景:假设创建游戏中的一个房屋House,该房屋由几个部分组成,且各个部分都会变化(比如说今天地板铺的是木地板,可明天却想换成瓷砖的)。如果使用最直观的设计方法,每一个房屋部分的变化,都将导致房屋构建的重新修正,那应该如何应对这种变化?
在软件系统中,有时候面临着“一个复杂对象”的创建工作,其通常由各个部分的子对象用一定的算法构成;由于需求的变化,这个复杂对象的各个部分经常面临着剧烈的变化,但是将它们组合在一起的算法却相对稳定。如何应对这种变化?如何提供一种“封装机制”来隔离出“复杂对象的各个部分”的变化,从而保持系统中的“稳定构建算法”不随着需求改变而改变?
将一个复杂对象的构建与其表示相分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
——《设计模式》GoF
结构图(Structure)
协作图(Collaborations)
示例代码:
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
小结:
1,Builder 模式主要用于“分步骤构建一个复杂的对象”。在这其中“分步骤”是一个稳定的算法,而复杂对象的各个部分则经常变化。
2,变化点在哪里,封装哪里—— Builder 模式主要在
于应对“复杂对象各个部分”的频繁需求变动。其缺点在于难以应对“分步骤构建算法”的需求变动。
3,Abstract Factory 模式解决“系列对象”的需求变化,Builder模式解决“对象部分”的需求变化。Builder模式通常和Composite模式组合使用。
后记
课程要结束时,李老师讲到可以通过配置文件使代码的依赖性降低到最小,今天尝试着实现了下。
App.config文件
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![](/Images/dot.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)