Greek letters
Formula Symbol Formula Symbol Formula Symbol Formula Symbol \alpha α \AlphaA \nu ν \NuN \beta β \BetaB \xi ξ \Xi Ξ \gamma γ \Gamma Γ \omicron ο \OmicronO \delta δ \Delta Δ \pi π \Pi Π \epsilon
\varepsilonϵ
ε\EpsilonE \rho
\varrhoρ
ϱ\RhoR \zeta ζ \ZetaZ \sigma
\varsigmaσ
ς\Sigma Σ \eta η \etaH \tau τ \TauT \theta
\varthetaθ
ϑ\Theta Θ \upsilon υ \Upsilon Υ \iota ι \IotaI \phi
\varphiϕ
φ\Phi Φ \kappa κ \KappaK \chi χ \ChiX \lambda λ \Lambda Λ \psi ψ \Psi Ψ \mu μ \MuM \omega ω \Omega Ω
Some capital Greek letters are the same as the Roman equivalents, so they are not separated in LATEX. For a capital beta, one must use something like\mathrm{B}
: B .Superscripts & Subscripts
use^
for superscripts and_
for subscripts.
x_i^2
is x2iGroups
use{
and}
.
10^10
is 1010 ,10^{10}
is 1010Parentheses
Formula Symbol Formula Symbol ( ( ) ) [ [ ] ] \{ { \{ } | | | | \langle ⟨ \rangle ⟩ \lceil ⌈ \rceil ⌉ \lfloor ⌊ \rfloor ⌋
These do not scale with the formula in between, so if you write(\frac12)
the parentheses will be too small: (12) . Using\left(
…\right)
will make the sizes adjust automatically to the formula they enclose:\left(\frac12\right)
is (12) .
There are also invisible parentheses, denoted by.
:\left.\frac12\right\rbrace
is 12} .Fractions
\frac ab
applies to the next two groups, and produces ab .And\frac{a+1}{b+1}
is a+1b+1 .
For more complicated, use\over
,{a+1\over b+1}
is a+1b+1 .Sums and integrals
Formula Symbol Formula Symbol \int ∫ \iint ∬ \prod ∏ \sum ∑ \bigcup ⋃ \bigcap ⋂
The subscript is the lower limit and the superscript is the upper limit, so for example\sum_1^n
is ∑n1 ;\sum_{i=0}^\infty i^2
is ∑∞i=0i2 .Radical signs
Use sqrt, which adjusts to the size of its argument:\sqrt{x^3}
is x3−−√ ;\sqrt[3]{\frac xy}
is xy−−√3 .
For complicated expressions, consider using{...}^{1/2}
instead, for example{\left(\frac 13\right)}^{\frac 12}
is (ab)12 .Special functions
Such as “lim”, “sin”, “max”, “ln”, and so on are normally set in roman font instead of italic font. Use\lim
,\sin
, etc. to make these:\sin x
sinx , notsin x
sinx . Use subscripts to attach a notation to\lim
:\lim_{x\to 0}
limx→0Special symbols and Notations
Some of the most common include:\lt
<\gt
>\le
≤\ge
≥\neq
≠ .\not\lt
≮ (not recommended).\times
×\div
÷\pm
±\mp
∓ .\cdot
is a centered dot: x⋅y\cup
∪\cap
∩\setminus
∖\subset
⊂\subseteq
⊆\subsetneq
⊊\supset
⊃\in
∈\notin
∉\emptyset
∅\varnothing
∅{n+1 \choose 2k}
or\binom{n+1}{2k}
(n+12k)\to
→\rightarrow
→\leftarrow
←\Rightarrow
⇒\Leftarrow
⇐\mapsto
↦\land
∧\lor
∨\lnot
¬\forall
∀\exists
∃\top
⊤\bot
⊥\vdash
⊢\vDash
⊨\star
⋆\ast
∗\oplus
⊕\circ
∘\bullet
∙\approx
≈\sim
∼\simeq
≃\cong
≅\equiv
≡\prec
≺\infty
∞\aleph_0
ℵ\nabla
∇\partial
∂\Im
I `\Re` R- For modular equivalence, use
\pmod
like this:a\equiv b\pmod n
a≡b(modn) a_1, a_2, \ldots ,a_n
a1,a2,…,an ;a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n
a1+a2+⋯+an- Script lowercase l is
\ell
ℓ
Spaces
a␣b
anda␣␣␣␣b
are both ab . To add more space, use\,
, for a thin space ab\;
for a wider space ab .\quad
and\qquad
are large spaces: ab , ab .Text
Use\text{…}
,\{x\in s\mid x\text{ is extra large}\}
is {x∈s∣x is extra large}Accents and diacritical marks
\hat x
x^ ,\widehat{xy}
xyˆ ,
\bar x
x¯ ,\overline{xyz}
xyz¯¯¯¯¯ ,
\vec
, x⃗ ,\overrightarrow
xy−→\overleftrightarrow
xyz←→ ,
\frac d{dx}x\dot x = \dot x^2 + x\ddot x
ddxxx˙=x˙2+xx¨
MathJax 基础教程
最新推荐文章于 2024-08-22 08:30:05 发布