MathJax 基础教程

1. Greek letters

   Formula	Symbol	Formula	Symbol	Formula	Symbol	Formula	Symbol
   \alpha	$\alpha$	\Alpha	$\mathrm{A}$	\nu	$\nu$	\Nu	$\mathrm{N}$
   \beta	$\beta$	\Beta	$\mathrm{B}$	\xi	$\xi$	\Xi	$\Xi$
   \gamma	$\gamma$	\Gamma	$\Gamma$	\omicron	$\omicron$	\Omicron	$\mathrm{O}$
   \delta	$\delta$	\Delta	$\Delta$	\pi	$\pi$	\Pi	$\Pi$
   \epsilon \varepsilon	$\epsilon$ $\varepsilon$	\Epsilon	$\mathrm{E}$	\rho \varrho	$\rho$ $\varrho$	\Rho	$\mathrm{R}$
   \zeta	$\zeta$	\Zeta	$\mathrm{Z}$	\sigma \varsigma	$\sigma$ $\varsigma$	\Sigma	$\Sigma$
   \eta	$\eta$	\eta	$\mathrm{H}$	\tau	$\tau$	\Tau	$\mathrm{T}$
   \theta \vartheta	$\theta$ $\vartheta$	\Theta	$\Theta$	\upsilon	$\upsilon$	\Upsilon	$\Upsilon$
   \iota	$\iota$	\Iota	$\mathrm{I}$	\phi \varphi	$\phi$ $\varphi$	\Phi	$\Phi$
   \kappa	$\kappa$	\Kappa	$\mathrm{K}$	\chi	$\chi$	\Chi	$\mathrm{X}$
   \lambda	$\lambda$	\Lambda	$\Lambda$	\psi	$\psi$	\Psi	$\Psi$
   \mu	$\mu$	\Mu	$\mathrm{M}$	\omega	$\omega$	\Omega	$\Omega$

   
   
   Some capital Greek letters are the same as the Roman equivalents, so they are not separated in LATEX. For a capital beta, one must use something like \mathrm{B}: $\mathrm{B}$.

2. Superscripts & Subscripts
   use ^ for superscripts and _ for subscripts.
   x_i^2 is $x_i^2$

3. Groups
   use { and }.
   10^10 is $10^10$, 10^{10} is $10^{10}$

4. Parentheses

   Formula	Symbol	Formula	Symbol
   (	$($	)	$)$
   [	$[$	]	$]$
   \{	$\{$	\{	$\}$
   |	$|$	|	$|$
   \langle	$\langle$	\rangle	$\rangle$
   \lceil	$\lceil$	\rceil	$\rceil$
   \lfloor	$\lfloor$	\rfloor	$\rfloor$

   
   
   These do not scale with the formula in between, so if you write (\frac12) the parentheses will be too small:$(\frac12)$. Using \left(…\right) will make the sizes adjust automatically to the formula they enclose: \left(\frac12\right) is $\left(\frac12\right)$.
   There are also invisible parentheses, denoted by.: \left.\frac12\right\rbrace is $\left.\frac12\right\rbrace$.

5. Fractions
   \frac ab applies to the next two groups, and produces $\frac ab$.And \frac{a+1}{b+1} is $\frac{a+1}{b+1}$.
   For more complicated, use \over, {a+1\over b+1} is ${a+1\over b+1}$.

6. Sums and integrals

   Formula	Symbol	Formula	Symbol
   \int	$\int$	\iint	$\iint$
   \prod	$\prod$	\sum	$\sum$
   \bigcup	$\bigcup$	\bigcap	$\bigcap$

   
   
   The subscript is the lower limit and the superscript is the upper limit, so for example \sum_1^n is $\sum_1^n$; \sum_{i=0}^\infty i^2 is $\sum_{i=0}^\infty i^2$.

7. Radical signs
   Use sqrt, which adjusts to the size of its argument: \sqrt{x^3} is $\sqrt{x^3}$;\sqrt[3]{\frac xy} is $\sqrt[3]{\frac xy}$.
   For complicated expressions, consider using {...}^{1/2} instead, for example {\left(\frac 13\right)}^{\frac 12} is ${\left(\frac ab\right)}^{\frac 12}$.

8. Special functions
   Such as “lim”, “sin”, “max”, “ln”, and so on are normally set in roman font instead of italic font. Use \lim, \sin, etc. to make these: \sin x $sinx$, not sin x $sinx$. Use subscripts to attach a notation to \lim: \lim_{x\to 0}

   $$\lim_{x\to 0}$$

9. Special symbols and Notations
   Some of the most common include:

   • \lt $\lt$ \gt $\gt$ \le $\le$ \ge $\ge$ \neq $\neq$. \not\lt $\not\lt$(not recommended).
   • \times $\times$ \div $\div$ \pm $\pm$ \mp $\mp$. \cdot is a centered dot: $x\cdot y$
   • \cup $\cup$ \cap $\cap$ \setminus $\setminus$ \subset $\subset$ \subseteq $\subseteq$ \subsetneq $\subsetneq$ \supset $\supset$ \in $\in$ \notin $\notin$ \emptyset $\emptyset$ \varnothing $\varnothing$
   • {n+1 \choose 2k} or \binom{n+1}{2k} ${n+1 \choose 2k}$
   • \to $\to$ \rightarrow $\rightarrow$ \leftarrow $\leftarrow$ \Rightarrow $\Rightarrow$ \Leftarrow $\Leftarrow$ \mapsto $\mapsto$
   • \land $\land$ \lor $\lor$ \lnot $\lnot$ \forall $\forall$ \exists $\exists$ \top $\top$ \bot $\bot$ \vdash $\vdash$ \vDash $\vDash$
   • \star $\star$ \ast $\ast$ \oplus $\oplus$ \circ $\circ$ \bullet $\bullet$
   • \approx $\approx$ \sim $\sim$ \simeq $\simeq$ \cong $\cong$ \equiv $\equiv$ \prec $\prec$
   • \infty $\infty$ \aleph_0 $\aleph$ \nabla $\nabla$ \partial $\partial$ \Im $\Im$`\Re` $\Re$
   • For modular equivalence, use \pmod like this: a\equiv b\pmod n $a\equiv b\pmod n$
   • a_1, a_2, \ldots ,a_n $a_1, a_2, \ldots ,a_n$; a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n $a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n$
   • Script lowercase l is \ell $\ell$

10. Spaces
    a␣b and a␣␣␣␣b are both $ab$. To add more space, use \,, for a thin space $a\,b$ \; for a wider space $a\;b$. \quad and \qquad are large spaces: $a\quad b$, $a\qquad b$.

11. Text
    Use \text{…}, \{x\in s\mid x\text{ is extra large}\} is $\{x\in s\mid x\text{ is extra large}\}$

12. Accents and diacritical marks
    \hat x $\hat x$, \widehat{xy} $\widehat{xy}$,
    \bar x $\bar x$, \overline{xyz} $\overline{xyz}$,
    \vec, $\vec x$, \overrightarrow $\overrightarrow{xy}$ \overleftrightarrow $\overleftrightarrow{xyz}$,
    \frac d{dx}x\dot x = \dot x^2 + x\ddot x $\frac d{dx}x\dot x = \dot x^2 + x\ddot x$