有的放矢-电气工程师的工作重心

第一前言

近几天一直在思考，究竟建筑业中的电气工程师的最大作用在哪里，价值在哪里？为了能找出答案，进行了深度的思考，并找到了一些美国的资料进行综合的分析和考量。

在美国，电气工程师首先和电工进行了严格区分，虽然两者都要熟悉NEC，但是电工是主要熟悉NEC的人，电工证主要考核内容就是NEC。而电力类别的电气工程师主要在系统，把设备连接起来形成一个稳定，经济，安全的系统。而电气工程师要接受大学教育，受过现代科学知识的熏陶，有基本的科学素养，能够进行科学合理的分析和判断。如果要在建筑施工领域执业，则还要通过两项考试，Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam 和Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) Exam，负责这两项考试的机构是 National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) ，这两项考试都需要两个条件，第一，要受过高等教育，第二要有工作经验。两个考试的内容都与NEC关系不大，但在PE考试中有所要求，且万万不可以把重心放在认为NEC这本规范上。这两项考试注重的考核的是依靠专业基本原理和方法对问题的分析和解决能力，利用数学物理知识对实际电器元件进行电路的建模，对电路中的参数从不同角度的分析的能力。从电路观点出发分析系统的强电和弱电，从电磁场观点出发去分析系统的强电和弱电，从控制和保护观点出发去分析系统的强电和弱电，从安全和健康观点出发去分析系统的强电和弱电，从经济效益观点出发去分析系统的强电和弱电。对于建筑施工类的电气工程师，一般在欧洲还分为电气设计工程师（Electrical Design Engineer）和电气驻场工程师（Electrical site Engineer），均是以动脑为主要工作重心，而不是动手，动脑体现在综合思考后的方案的把握和结构图、原理图的绘制，对电气安装的工作体现的是顾问性质的，顾问的性质并不是意味着能够有能力解决所有现场的安装问题，而是体现着系统性的思考，整体的把握，出现了问题能够分析并加以解决。动手为工作重心是电工的主要工作，两者不能相互替代，缺一不可，需要各自在各自的擅长的领域发挥最大的效用，为经济的发展做出应有的贡献。

第二 一些网络资源中对NEC的阐述

在网站http://www.poweredelectrician.com/nec-national-electrical-code-for-electricians 中对nec进行了这样的说明：

the famous NEC or NFPA 70. NFPA stands for National Fire Protection Association. Every electrician knows this book, or to be more precise, the latest updated book each time, regarding the state he wishes to practice.

Some states adopt partly NEC, some an older instead of a newer version. This makes sense since different states have different needs and priorities. Some might be able to harness alternative sources of power, whereas some others have to rely on simple traditional electricity. After some time, states revise the edition and on which terms they choose to comply and some might reject it (although it is rather unlikely). At the moment all states have at least partly adopted it, but this might change in the future.

NEC is a part of the National Fire Codes series and although it is a book and has no law strings attached to it, it is widely embraced and some regulations consider it mandatory. From wikipedia: “It codifies the requirements in order to safely perform electrical installations into a single standardized source”. Regular inspections take place in order to assure compliance to these minimum standards by all electricians.

NEC made its first appearance in 1897 and since then, it is revised, updated and republished, every 3 years (the next update will be in 2014). This book consists of mainly 1000 pages, consists of 9 chapters and since 1993 it can also be purchased as an ebook through the internet.

在网站https://www.electriciancareersguide.com/what-is-the-national-electrical-code/ 中进行了这样的阐述：

What Is The National Electrical Code?

On your way to becoming a licensed electrician, you're going to hear a lot about the National Electrical Code. Here's a primer on what the Code is, how it's formatted, and what you'll need to know as you go through your classes and apprenticeship.

What Is It?

The National Electrical Code (usually written as "NEC") is an extensive collection of definitive guidelines for the safe and secure installation of electrical equipment and electrical wiring in the United States. The Code was originally published in 1897, and has been updated on numerous occasions---usually every three years---since that time.

The Code is published by the National Fire Protection Association (the "NFPA") as part of its National Fire Codes series. The most recent release of the Code is the 2