2020年12月_pilifeng1

原创正常、备用、应急傻傻分不清楚

正常、备用、应急是三个重要的词汇，此分类是在电源中的分类，但在GB中经常混用，以至于常常被混淆，首先在《建筑照明设计标准》GB50034-2013中有一个正常照明和应急照明的分类，然后又有一个《消防应急照明和疏散指示系统技术标准》GB51309-2018中对消防应急照明的分类。对于应急照明定义的分类，英标和美标与gb都是统一的，但在解释层面，却又是十分不同的。英标主要执行BS 5266-1，而美标主要执行NFPA70和101中的规定，这两本中相关条文均转化为OSHA标准强制执行。其对于消防应急照明的分类如下

2020-12-31 15:43:53 643

转载应急照明的意义，范围和组成（美标）

There are several types of emergency lights! Read our customer's guide to gain understanding of their differences from material to best location to install! ByRashid S. UmarThe Different Types of Emergency Lights TodayAs a civilian, there’s a chance t.

2020-12-31 15:17:25 944

转载应急照明设计要义（美标）

The basics of emergency illuminationEngineers should get involved early in the selection of the optimal power system for emergency lighting systems.BY THOMAS F. FLICKINGER, NCEES, PE, AFFILIATED ENGINEERS INC., MADISON, WIS.JULY 22, 2013Learning obj.

2020-12-31 15:14:50 1217

转载 Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Buildings

Emergency and Standby Power Systems for BuildingsPublic and/or large buildings have emergency power systems installed to allow certain electrical components to operate during a power outage. Homeowners are also installing smaller standby generators on th

2020-12-31 15:13:10 812

转载 NFPA中的应急电源部分

NFPA110是应急电源和备用电源部分，应急电源和备用电源是两个非常容易引起混淆，GB规范中也语焉不详，造成设计时非常多的混乱。电源只分为正常和备用，应急是应急备用的意思，经常特质法定部分。NFPA 110,Emergency and Standby Power Systems. See Chapter 7:Fire Protection Engineeringfor additional requirements.BatteriesSelf contained battery units m...

2020-12-31 15:12:28 536

原创爆炸性环境电气设计选型

对于爆炸性环境，规范有规定分为气体环境和粉尘环境。规范《爆炸危险环境电力装置设计规范》GB 50058-2014，这本规范对环境的分类进行了详细的划分，但很庞杂，而电气部分的设计完全要明白规范前段部分的分类才能得以完成，因此往往看完脉络很模糊，规范的条理性需要理以下才能清楚，故做如下思维导图。...

2020-12-30 17:33:02 171

转载 Electrical design of healthcare facilities (essential system requirements)

引自：https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/electrical-design-healthcare-facilitiesByEdvard|April, 1st 2019|10 comments|Save to PDFHealthcare FacilitiesDue to the critical nature of the care being provided at healthcare facilities and thei...

2020-12-29 14:30:48 1406

转载开关类型介绍

Types Of SwitchesTypes Of SwitchesSEPTEMBER 26, 2015BYADMINISTRATOR12 COMMENTSA switch is a device which is designed to interrupt the current flow in a circuit, in other words, it can make or break an electrical circuit. Every electrical and elect...

2020-12-23 09:27:24 1370

转载按钮开关和按钮开关的种类

Pushbutton switches and Types of SwitchesA hand switch / Pushbutton switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s handmotion. These may take the form of toggle, pushbutton, rotary, pull-chain, etc.A common form o.

2020-12-23 09:21:03 2013

转载流量开关

Push Button Switch Types and Circuit DiagramIndustrial Push ButtonsPush buttons, shown in figure 1, are the most common type of control devices found in industrial facilities. Almost all industrial machines contain push buttons even if the facilities o

2020-12-23 09:18:18 645

转载液位控制器

Level SwitchesThese devices equip electrodes to detect liquid levels. They have been widely used in water works and sewers for buildings and housing complexes, industrial facilities and equipment, water treatment plants and sewage treatment facilities, a

2020-12-23 09:12:36 390

转载 word中的数学字体选择

转贴自https://mrchasemath.com/2013/01/05/math-fonts-in-microsoft-office/http://www.gust.org.pl/projects/e-foundry/tg-mathMath Fonts in MicrosoftOfficePosted onJanuary 5, 2013byMr. ChaseAs you know, Microsoft Office has a new and improved Equation ...

2020-12-18 14:11:32 1784

转载 Transformer Losses Explained

Transformer Losses ExplainedBy R. W. Hurst, President, The Electricity ForumTransformer losses appear in the form of heatTransformer LossesSince distribution transformers has no rotating parts, it has no mechanical losses. This contributes to .

2020-12-18 10:01:44 490

转载 Transformer Efficiency & Energy Loss

Transformer Efficiency & Energy LossTransformer efficiency is of great importance in the world ofElectrical Transformers.Our study in this article will analyze and understand the importance of studying the transformer’s efficiency. I will discus.

2020-12-18 10:00:49 749 1

转载 Emergency Lighting Requirements for Your Building or Structure

Emergency Lighting Requirements for Your Building or StructureThe purpose of emergency lighting is to ensure adequate illumination is provided when the power supply to the normal lighting fails. Emergency lighting is key in making sure people can exit ..

2020-12-15 17:40:24 150

转载 WHERE SHOULD EMERGENCY LIGHTING & EXIT SIGNS BE INSTALLED?

As with most safety equipment, you don’t fully appreciateemergency lighting and exit signsuntil you need them. They are intended to illuminate the path in a building that leads to the exit, ensuring people can tell what doors to use to evacuate safely fr..

2020-12-15 17:39:17 354

转载 Exit/Emergency Lighting Regulations (America)

Did you know that you are required by law to have and test regularlyexit & emergency lightingsystems? Do not take a chance with such serious matters: avoid serious liabilities and fines by having, maintaining and testing adequate exit and emergency l..

2020-12-15 17:37:47 496

转载 Importance of Emergency and Exit Lighting in Your Building

July 30, 2018Taylor BrummelWould your building be prepared in the event of a power outage? Just as seatbelts and airbags must be working properly in case of a car accident, so should alarms, extinguishers and other equipment during a fire, power out.

2020-12-15 17:37:00 214

转载 “OSHA Emergency Lighting & Exit Sign Infographic”

OSHA and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) give the general requirements for means of egress. 29 CFR 1910.35 defines a means of egress in this way: “A means of egress is a continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a bui

2020-12-15 17:35:17 207

转载 What Are the Regulations and Standards for Emergency Lighting?

Dec 29, 2019A power outage could occur at the most unexpected moments. This could be due to a fire or a power cut. And when this occurs, there comes the need to have backup lights for this emergency situation. Today, many people use what is called an e

2020-12-15 17:34:14 185

转载 Fire Alarm Systems

Fire Alarm SystemsThe choice of fire alarm system depends on the building structure, the purpose and use of the building and current legislation. In new or altered buildings the enforcement body is the local building control, and the relevant guidance is

2020-12-09 17:30:25 7855

原创再论电机学的痛点

今天偶尔翻到p.c.sen教授的电机学书籍禁不住又心生感慨。国内电机学的教学，大部分从开始到结束，教师和学生都耗费了巨大精力去教授和学习，一个学期，甚至一个多学期的电机学学习，然而却效果并不明显，大部分学生学完不久后知识就会飞到脑门后面去。电机学的学习，必须按照法拉第之前的电机和法拉第之后的电机进行学习，这样才能学好电机学，国内的教学体系是有很大问题的，这个很大问题不是错误，而是目前的很多教学编排和体系是不符合认知规律的，致使洋洋洒洒鸿篇巨制让学生学完也就扔完了，留不到脑袋里什么的东西，全是高强度的短暂

2020-12-09 11:54:44 1135 1

原创星三角启动和双速风机配电详解

今天闲暇有时，就想把星三角启动和双速风机，这两种类型下的配电方式做个详解，以便于物理图景明了和清晰一些，在纸上涂涂画画，懒惰得不想转为文字版了，就上传图片留作纪念吧。

2020-12-08 16:14:09 1996

原创有感于基尔霍夫定律的争议

今天知乎上看到了对mit的lewin教授对于基尔霍夫定律的争议，并谈了谈看法。基尔霍夫的时代是法拉第和麦克斯韦的后期，可以说基尔霍夫是后人，他对于法拉第和麦克斯韦的理论是很熟悉的，因此在此基础上提出了电压定律和电流电流定律，其实质是对理论的应用，即对保守场强的环路积分等于零和电荷守恒两种理论在复杂电路中的应用，其意义在于聚焦了两个电路中关注的核心概念。lewin教授认为电压定律是法拉第电磁感应定律的特殊形式，完全可以用法拉第定律取代掉，是一种看法。我看来看一下几个人的生平年月，重要贡献，或许能有个更

2020-12-08 10:47:08 564

转载 THHN vs. XHHW: What Is the Difference?

转贴文章，文章来自：THHN vs. XHHW: What Is the Difference? | Multicom (multicominc.com)When designing and building a new facility or machine, engineers need to fully understand the specifications – the strengths and weaknesses of each wire available for the job.

2020-12-05 21:10:21 403

转载自然功率-波阻抗功率传输

Surge Impedance LoadingCapacitance and reactance are the main parameters of the transmission line. It is distributed uniformly along the line. These parameters are also called distributed parameters. When the voltage drops occur in transmission line due

2020-12-05 21:08:18 1553

转载邻近效应

文章来自于：What is Proximity Effect? Definition & Factors Affecting it - Circuit GlobeProximity EffectDefinition:When the conductors carry the high alternating voltage then the currents are non-uniformly distributed on the cross-section area of the ..

2020-12-05 21:02:33 2513

转载电晕效应

文章来自于：What is Corona effect in transmission lines? - Minimizing Corona, Disadvantages & Factors Affecting Corona - Circuit GlobeDefinition: The phenomenon of ionisation of surrounding air around the conductor due to which luminous glow with hissin.

2020-12-05 20:59:10 349

转载集肤效应

内容来自：What is Skin Effect? Factors affecting skin effect - Circuit Globehttps://circuitglobe.com/,这是个电气知识的好网站。The non-uniform distribution of electric current over the surface or skin of the conductor carrying a.c is called the skin effect. In other wor

2020-12-05 20:48:42 629

原创铜芯导体正常工作时的温度问题

铜芯导体正常工作时的温度主要取决于环境温度，由于铜是良导体，电阻率很低，所以发热基本可以忽略，其工作时的温度主要取决于环境温度。又由于导体的绝缘材料和护套材料基本都是塑料和橡胶，这就决定了其环境温度也不能太高，否则绝缘和护套材料就会损坏。在stackexchange论坛中一个网友问出了这个问题，并得到了另一个网友的详细回答。question：Is there a minimum and maximum temperature that a copper wire/s will still work

2020-12-04 16:29:01 1125

转载 Light Distribution Curves

Luminaire and lamp manufacturers provide candlepower (or luminous intensity) distribution curves for their fixtures. The curves provide the designer with important information about the way light is distributed from the fixture and also how that light fall

2020-12-04 14:31:27 1593

原创 The Lighting Handbook, Tenth Edition 读书札记

这本照明书可以说是经典了，对照明从微观到宏观，从理性到感性，从物理到艺术洋洋洒洒做了比较充分和严谨的说明，书中引用的论文也是浩浩荡荡，可以说是一本集结了众多头脑，闪烁着智慧之光的一本照明书籍。本周花了两天大概看了一下这本书，一共一千三百多页，分为三部分，第一部分是照明的物理基础，第二部是照明设计，第三部分是照明的具体应用。说是读书札记，也就是这本书的框架内容。拍照一下做个纪念吧。...

2020-12-03 16:41:32 335 2

原创 19世纪末一个提出荧光灯和白炽灯要区分的老头-Eilhard Wiedemann

Eilhard Ernst Gustav Wiedemann(1 August 1852,Berlin– 7 January 1928,Erlangen) was a Germanphysicistandhistorian of science. He was the son of physicistGustav Heinrich Wiedemann(1826–1899), and an older brother toEgyptologistAlfred Wiedemann(185...

2020-12-03 10:20:04 351

原创热学中的对流的降温作用

牛顿冷却定律：其论述一个物体所损失的热的速率与物体和其周围环境间的温度差是成正比的。一个物体和其周围处于一个不同的温度下的话，最终这个物体会和其周围达成一个相同的温度。一个比较热的物体将会冷却，因为它使其周围变温暖。一个比较冷的物体会因为其周围的高温而温度上升。当我们在考虑一个物体冷却有多快时，我们会说他冷却的速率是－单位时间内，有多少的温度改变了。台湾大学有个数学与科学的网站非常好，里面有很多数学的知识，网址是：http://episte.math.ntu.edu.tw/cgi/mathfield

2020-12-02 14:33:40 790

冰影随风的专栏