java hashmap 使用实例

下面的代码记录了hashmap的使用，包括增，删，改，查，需要注意如下几点：

1）在遍历的过程中，不能执行add操作，否则会抛出并发修改异常，

2）在遍历的过程中，remove操作必须借助iterator才可以，否则也会抛出并发修改的异常。

3）以对象作为key时，需要重写对象的equal和hashCode方法，

4）hashmap不是线程安全的，

5）iterator是官方推荐的标准遍历hashmap的方法，建议hashmap的遍历都基于iterator。

package com.basic.util;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

public class BasicMap {
	public static void main(String argv[]) {
		Person p1 = new Person(1, "liping", 1.0);
		Person p2 = new Person(2, "liping", 1.0);
		Person p3 = new Person(3, "liping", 1.0);
		
		Map<Person, Integer> t = new HashMap<Person, Integer>();
		
		// 存储
		t.put(p1, 1);
		t.put(p2, 2);
		t.put(p3, 3);
		
		// 删除
		t.remove(p1);
		
		// 更新
		t.put(p1, 1);
		t.put(p1, 11);
		
		// 遍历
		Iterator<Entry<Person, Integer>> itr = t.entrySet().iterator();
		while (itr.hasNext()) {
			Entry<Person, Integer> entry = itr.next();
			System.out.println(entry.getKey().toString() + " " + entry.getValue());
		}
		
		Iterator<Person> itrK = t.keySet().iterator();
		while (itrK.hasNext()) {
			Person p = itrK.next();
			System.out.println(p.toString() + " " + t.get(p));
		}
		
		Iterator<Integer> itrV = t.values().iterator();
		while(itrV.hasNext()) {
			Integer i = itrV.next();
			System.out.println(i);
		}
		
		for (Entry<Person, Integer> entry : t.entrySet()) {
			System.out.println(entry.getKey().toString() + " " + entry.getValue());
		}
		
		for (Person p : t.keySet()) {
			System.out.println(p.toString() + " " + t.get(p));
		}

		for (Integer i : t.values()) {
			System.out.println(i);
		}
		
		// 修改
		Iterator<Entry<Person, Integer>> itrD = t.entrySet().iterator();
		while (itrD.hasNext()) {
			Entry<Person, Integer> entry = itrD.next();
			if (entry.getValue() == 1) {
				itrD.remove();
			}
			if (entry.getKey().equals(p2)) {
				itrD.remove();
			}
		}
		Iterator<Person> itrKD = t.keySet().iterator();
		while (itrKD.hasNext()) {
			Person p = itrKD.next();
		 	if (p.equals(p1)) {
				itrKD.remove();
			}
		}
		Iterator<Integer> itrVD = t.values().iterator();
		while(itrVD.hasNext()) {
			Integer i = itrVD.next();
			if (i == 1) {
				itrVD.remove();
			}
		}		
	}
}

class Person {
	private int age;
	private String name;
	private double money;
	
	public Person(int age, String name, double money) {
		this.age = age;
		this.name = name;
		this.money = money;
	}
	
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (!(obj instanceof Person)) {
			return false;
		}
		Person p = (Person)obj;
		if (p.age != this.age)
			return false;
		if (!p.name.equals(this.name))
			return false;
		if (p.money != this.money)
			return false;
		return true;
	}
	
	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = result*prime + this.age;
		result = result*prime + this.name.hashCode();
		result = result*prime + (int)Double.doubleToLongBits(this.money);
		return result;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		String str = this.name + " " + this.age + " " + this.money;
		return str;
	}
}

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>public static void threadTest() {
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++) {
					firstHashMap.put(String.valueOf(i), String.valueOf(i));
				}
			}
		});
		
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				for (int i = 26; i <= 50; i++) {
					firstHashMap.put(String.valueOf(i), String.valueOf(i));
				}
			}
		});
		
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				for (int i = 51; i <= 75; i++) {
					firstHashMap.put(String.valueOf(i), String.valueOf(i));
				}
			}
		});
		
		Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				for (int i = 76; i <= 100; i++) {
					firstHashMap.put(String.valueOf(i), String.valueOf(i));
				}
			}
		});
		
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
		
		try {
			Thread.currentThread().sleep(1000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}

		System.out.println(firstHashMap.size());
		Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iter = firstHashMap.entrySet().iterator();
		while (iter.hasNext()) {
			Entry<String, String> e = iter.next();
			System.out.println(e.getKey() + " " + e.getValue());
		}
	}

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">上面的threadTest函数的执行结果，最后map的大小不是100，说明出现了线程间覆盖的现象，是非线程安全的。</span>